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GROWTHANDINNOVATIONINOCEANECONOMY
GAPSANDPRIORITIESINSEABASINOBSERVATIONANDDATA
D2.3.5MedSeaCheckpointChallenge1(WindFarmSiting):DescriptionofTargetedProducts,themethodologyandthe
expertevaluationoffitnessforpurpose
Totalnumberofpages:27
Workpackage: 2 Challenge1:WindfarmsitingAuthor(s): GeorgeKallos NKUA
GeorgeGalanis NKUA PlatonPatlakas NKUA ChristinaKalogeri NKUA Jean-FrancoisFilipot FranceEnergies
Marines RuiDuarte FranceEnergies
Marines SimonaSimoncelli INGV,Bologna
Aprojectfundedby:
EUROPEANCOMMISSION,DIRECTORATE-GENERALFORMARITIMEAFFAIRSANDFISHERIES,MARITIMEPOLICYATLANTIC,OUTERMOSTREGIONSANDARCTIC
GrowthandinnovationinoceaneconomyGapsandprioritiesinseabasinobservationanddata
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DocumentLog
Date Author Changes Version Status19/01/2016 PlatonPatlakas
(NKUA),GeorgeGalanis(NKUA)
created
27/01/2016 PlatonPatlakas(NKUA),GeorgeGalanis(NKUA)
revised
08/02/2016 Jean-FrancoisFilipotPlatonPatlakas(NKUA),GeorgeGalanis(NKUA)
revised
25/03/2016 S.Simoncelli(INGV) revision
04/02/2017 S.Simoncelli(INGV) Lastrevision V4 05/02/2017 GeorgeGalanis
(NKUA)corrections V5
06/02/2017 R.Duarte(FEM) corrections 06/02/2017 S.Simoncelli(INGV) Lastcheck V6
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Glossary ............................................................................................................................................... 4Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 5Targeted Products catalogue for this Challenge .................................................................................. 6Description of Characteristics and Data sources used by Targeted products ...................................... 6
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_1 ............................................................................................................. 6MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2 ............................................................................................................. 6MEDSEA_CH1_Product_3 ............................................................................................................. 7
Description of methodology to produce the Targeted Products .......................................................... 7MEDSEA_CH1_Product_1 ............................................................................................................. 7
Spatial analysis ............................................................................................................................. 9In situ analysis ............................................................................................................................ 17
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2 ........................................................................................................... 18MEDSEA_CH1_Product_3 ........................................................................................................... 20
Expert evaluation of Targeted Product quality and gaps in the input data sets ................................. 23MEDSEA_CH1_Product_1 ........................................................................................................... 23MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2 ........................................................................................................... 24MEDSEA_CH1_Product_3 ........................................................................................................... 24
Annex 1: Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 26References ......................................................................................................................................... 27
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Glossary CMCC-CentroEuro-MediterraneoperiCambiamentiClimaticiS.c.ar.l.(IT)
CLS-CollecteLocalisationSatellites(FR)
CLU-CLUs.r.l.(IT)
EDFEN(FR)
ENEA-AgenziaperleNuoveTecnologie,l'EnergiaeloSviluppoEconomicoSostenibile(IT)
FEM-FranceEnergiesMarines
HCMR-HellenicCentreforMarineResearch(GR)
IFREMER-InstitutFrançaisdeRecherchepourl'ExploitationdelaMer(FR)
INGV-IstitutoNazionalediGeofisicaeVulcanologia(IT)
NKUA–NationalKapodistrianUniversityofAthens(GR)
OCEANS-CAT-OCEANSCataloniaInternationalSL(ES)
SOCIB-BalearicIslandsCoastalObservingandForecastingSystem(ES)
UCY-UniversityofCyprus(CY)
FEM-AssociationdePréfigurationdel’IEEDFranceEnergiesMarines(FR)
IHCantabria-FundaciónInstitutodeHidráulicaAmbientaldeCantabria(ES)
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ExecutiveSummaryTheprimaryaimofthewindfarmsitingchallengeistoassesswhetherthecurrentlyavailabledataon theMediterranean Sea are appropriate for the preliminary assessment required to identifypotentialnewfarmsites.Avarietyoffactorsareconsideredtobeimportantforwindfarmsiting.Thesefactorsincludethenaturalresourcesdatathatcanbeusedtodefinetheenergypotentialoftheareaandthelocalclimaticcharacteristics,andtheintenseanthropogenicactivity,biodiversity,andsedimentcharacteristicsthatmayaffecttheinstallationofwindturbinesintheareaofinterest.Usefulinformationonthefactorsthatmightexertconstraintscanresultinthesitebeingclassifiedasunsuitablefordevelopment.Toprovidethisinformation,threetargetedproductsweredefinedasoutputsofthischallengeandaredescribedindetailinthefollowingpages:
• MEDSEA_CH1_Product_1:Awindandwavedataset
• MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2: A suitability index for a wind farm in the NWMediterraneanbasedontheenvironmentalresources
• MEDSEA_CH1_Product_3:AsuitabilityindexforawindfarmintheNWMedbasedontheenvironmentalresources,naturalbarriers,humanactivities,MarineProtectedAreas(MPA)andfisheries.
Abroadrangeofdatawereidentified,downloadedwherepossibleandreviewedforthechallenge.The discoverability and accessibility of the data and their format and usability varied a lot,dependingontheonlinesource,whichincluded:
• National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physics, AtmosphericModelingandWeatherForecastinggroup
• AgencedesAiresMarinesProtegees• SHOM• GEBCO• EMODnet
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TargetedProductscatalogueforthisChallenge NameofTargetedproduct Shortdescription FormatMEDSEA_CH1_product_1 Awind-wavedataset SQLdatabaseMEDSEA_CH1_product_2 AsuitabilityindexofawindfarmintheNWMed
basedontheenvironmentalresourcesGISshapefiles
MEDSEA_CH1_product_3 AsuitabilityindexofawindfarmintheNWMedbasedonthenaturalresources,naturalbarriers,humanactivities,MPAandfisheries.
GISshapefiles
DescriptionofCharacteristicsandDatasourcesusedbyTargetedproductsMEDSEA_CH1_Product_1Nb Characteristicsname(P02) EnvironmentalMatrix Datasource(URL)1 EWSB Zonalwindcomponent/ESEWZZXX forecast.uoa.gr2 EWSB Meridionalwindcomponent/ESNSZZXX forecast.uoa.gr3 CAPH Airpressure/CAPHZZ01 forecast.uoa.gr4 NotexistinginP02 Airdensity forecast.uoa.gr
5 CHUMSpecifichumidityoftheatmosphere/CHUMSS01
forecast.uoa.gr
6 CDTA Airtemperature/ATEMP2MM forecast.uoa.gr7 ASLV Sealevel/ASLVZZ01 forecast.uoa.gr8 TEMP Watertemperature/TEMPPR01 forecast.uoa.gr9 PSAL Watersalinity/ODSDM021 forecast.uoa.gr
10 RFVLWaterzonalvelocitycomponent/LCEWZZ01
forecast.uoa.gr
11 RFVLWatermeridionalvelocitycomponent/LCNSZZ01
forecast.uoa.gr
12 WVSP
Two-dimensionalWavespectraoverfrequenciesanddirectionsmodeloutput
forecast.uoa.gr
13 WVST SignificantWaveHeightmodeloutput forecast.uoa.gr14 GWDR Meanwavedirectionmodeloutput forecast.uoa.gr
15 WVSTMean(Energy)waveperiodmodeloutput
forecast.uoa.gr
16 WVST Peakwaveperiodmodeloutput forecast.uoa.gr17 WVST Swellwaveheightmodeloutput forecast.uoa.gr
18 WVSTMaximumexpectedwaveheightmodeloutput
forecast.uoa.gr
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2Nb Characteristicsname(P02) EnvironmentalMatrix Datasource(URL)1 EWSB Zonalwind
component/ESEWZZXXforecast.uoa.gr
2 EWSB Meridionalwindcomponent/ESNSZZXX
forecast.uoa.gr
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MEDSEA_CH1_Product_3Nb Characteristicsname(P02) EnvironmentalMatrix Datasource(URL)1 EWSB Zonalwind
component/ESEWZZXXforecast.uoa.gr
2 EWSB Meridionalwindcomponent/ESNSZZXX
forecast.uoa.gr
3 BRDA Birds:species www.aires-marines.fr4 BRDA Birds:abundance www.aires-marines.fr5 GP088 Birds:migratorypatterns www.aires-marines.fr6 GP04 Birds:reproductionarea www.aires-marines.fr7 FABD Marinemammals:species. www.aires-marines.fr8 FABD Marinemammals:size. www.aires-marines.fr9
FABDMarinemammals:migratoryroutes.
www.aires-marines.fr
10 FABD Fishes:species. www.aires-marines.fr11 FAXT Fishes:abundance www.aires-marines.fr12 FREP Fishes:reproductionarea www.aires-marines.fr13
MBANSDNP01SFHTNPESBathymetry
www.emodnet.eu
14
SSTR
SDNP01SEDTYCATDescriptionoflithologyofsedimentbyvisualestimation
www.emodnet.eu
DescriptionofmethodologytoproducetheTargetedProductsMEDSEA_CH1_Product_1Ahigh-resolutiondatabasewasdeveloped,basedontheoutcomesoftheFP7MARINAPlatformproject (http://www.marina-platform.info/). The database covers a 10-year period (2001–2010)andcontainshourlydataonawiderangeofatmospheric,waveandtidalinformation.Thefollowingparametersareprovided:
1. Zonalwindcomponent
2. Meridionalwindcomponent
3. Airpressure
4. Airdensity
5. Specificatmospherichumidity
6. Airtemperature
7. Watertemperature
8. Watersalinity
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9. Waterzonalvelocitycomponent
10. Watermeridionalvelocitycomponent
11. Dimensionalwaveheightmodeloutput
12. Significantwaveheightmodeloutput
13. Meanwavedirectionmodeloutput
14. Mean(energy)waveperiodmodeloutput
15. Peakwaveperiodmodeloutput
16. Swellwaveheightmodeloutput
17. Maximumexpectedwaveheightmodeloutput
Theatmosphericparametersareavailableatdifferentverticallevels(10,40,80,120and180m).The database was developed under the framework of the European FP7 “Marina RenewableIntegratedApplicationPlatform”,themainobjectiveofwhichwastosupportthedevelopmentofoffshore structures to exploitwind,wave, tidal andocean current energy around theEuropeancoastline. A 10-year re-analysis was performed, combining wind- and wave-induced motions.The regional atmospheric model, SKIRON (Kallos et al.,1997, 2006; Spyrou et al., 2010), wascombinedwiththethird-generationoceanwavemodel,WAM(Bidlotetal.,2007;Galanisetal.,2011;WAMDIG,1988)andtheglobaloceancirculationmodel,HYCOM(HybridCoordinateOceanModel)(Chassignetetal.,2003).
SKIRON uses 45 vertical levels and a time step of 15 seconds. The initial and lateral boundaryconditionswerepreparedusingtheLAPS3-Ddataassimilationmodel,basedonECMWF0.5ox0.5ogriddedfieldsandsurfaceandupperairobservations.Thelateralconditionsareupdatedevery3hours. Thegeomorphologicaldatasetsused for theatmospheric andwavemodelwere30”x30”global elevation, 30”x30” land use and vegetation cover, 2’x2’ soil classification and 1’x1’bathymetry. The SST fields were derived from NCEP with a resolution of 0.5°x0.5°. For oceancirculation,theresultsfromtheglobalmodelHybridCoordinateOceanModel-HYCOM(Chassignetetal.,2003)wereinterpolatedfromtheoriginal0.07ox0.07ogridtothemodeldomainofSKIRONandWAM.Themodelsoperatedatahighspatialresolutionof0.05°x0.05°latitude/longitudeandtheproducedoutputisavailableforthe2001-2010periodonadailybase.
TheconfigurationsoftheatmosphericmodelandthewavemodelarepresentedinFigures1and2.
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Figure1ThesetupanddomainsoftheSkironatmosphericmodel.
Figure2ThesetupanddomainsoftheWAMwavemodel.
Themodelingsystemoperated ina reanalysismode, thusexploiting theadvantagesof thedataassimilationprocedureusingtheavailableobservationsandmeasurementsfromthearea(satelliterecords,meteorologicalobservations,shipreports).Thisproducedanoptimumrepresentationoftheenvironmentalparametersandadetailedwaveclimatologymapofthearea. SpatialanalysisAnumberofstatisticalindicesandmeasureswereusedforthestatisticalanalysis.• Meanvalue(μ):themeanisusedasanindicatoroftheenergypotentialofthestudyarea,and
canbecalculatedas
𝜇 =1𝛮 𝑥(𝑖)
)
*+,
wherexdenotestheparameterunderstudy(windspeed,windenergy,significantwaveheight,etc.)andNisthesizeofthesample.Foramorecomprehensiveanalysis,afundamentaltaskistodescribethewindspeedandwindenergyprobabilitydistributioncharacteristics. This canbeachievedusing the skewnessandkurtosisofthevariableunderstudy.
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• Skewness(g1)isameasureofthesymmetry/asymetryofthedataandindicateswhetherhigher
valuestendtobeskewedtotherightorleftofthemeanvalue.Skewnessiscalculatedusingthesamplemean(μ)andstandarddeviation(σ):
𝑔, =,.
𝑥 𝑖 − 𝜇 0.1+,
𝜎0
• Kurtosis(g2)isameasureofthepeakednessandtailweightofthedistribution:
𝑔3 =,.
𝑥 𝑖 − 𝜇 4.1+,
𝜎4 − 3Thecombinationofthesestatisticalindexesprovidesusefulinformationabouttheoccurrenceandpotentialimpactofnon-frequentvaluesinthewindparkoperation.The variability of the produced energy is critical for the functionality of the electrical network.Therefore,afourthstatisticalparameter,theindexofvariation,isintroducedtodepictthetemporalvariation of wind energy. The index of variation is equal to the standard deviation (𝜎 =1𝑁 (𝑥 𝜄 − 𝜇)3)
*+, )dividedbythesamplemean,toobtainadimensionlessoutcome.
The spatial analysis of themain parameters under study over the entire period is presented inFigures3,4,5,6,7and8.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) Figure3Windspeedstatisticsat10mcomputedoverthe2001-2010period:a)mean,b)skewness,c)kursotis,d)indexofvariation.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) Figure4Windspeedstatisticsat80mcomputedoverthe2001-2010period:a)mean,b)skewness,c)kursotis,d)indexofvariation.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure5Windpowerstatisticsat10mcomputedoverthe2001-2010period:a)mean,b)skewness,c)kursotis,d)indexofvariation.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure6Windpowerstatisticsat10mcomputedoverthe2001-2010period:a)mean,b)skewness,c)kursotis,d)indexofvariation.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure7Significantwaveheightstatisticscomputedoverthe2001-2010period:a)mean,b)skewness,c)kursotis,d)indexofvariation.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) Figure8Waveenergyperiodstatisticscomputedoverthe2001-2010period:a)mean,b)skewness,c)kursotis,d)indexofvariation.
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Themeanwindspeedisusuallymuchlowerclosetotheshoreduetothewindshadoweffectoftheland.Thereishighspatialandslightlylowertemporalvariability.Theeffectofthewindspeedspatialdistributionisevidentinthemapsthatdepictwindpower,whichshowsimilarbehavior.Themeanwindpowervaluesat10and80mintheGulfofLionsandtheSpanish-Frenchwatersshow rather increasedmeanvalues, comparing toother regionsof theNWMediterraneanSea,associatedwithlowvariability.Thelowskewnessvaluesindicatethatthedataarequitesymmetric.The correspondingmeanwind speed values are between4-7m/sec,which, combinedwith therelativelylowvariationandasymmetryvalues,furtherhighlightsthesuitabilityoftheareaforwindfarmdevelopment.IntheseaareabetweenFrench-Italianwaters,thewindpowervaluesshowlimitedpotentialatbothheightsofinterest.Themeanwindspeedislessthan4m/sec,associatedwithnontrivialvariationandkurtosisvalues.Thesevaluescharacterizetheareaasunstableingeneralandwithincreaseduncertaintyinthewindspeedvalues,comparedwithotherregionsoftheNWMediterraneanSea.However,higher indexofvariationvaluesareobservedwherethemeanwindspeedisgenerallylower.The wave height estimations, both in terms of mean and variability, do not pose importantrestrictionsonthedevelopmentofwindfarmstructures.Moreover,extremewaveheightvalues,asmeasuredbykurtosis,donothaveacriticaleffectonthegeneraldistribution.Thisbehaviorisstableforallparametersacrossthe10yearsofavailabledata.InsituanalysisInadditiontothespatialanalysis,aninsitustudywasperformedintwoselectedlocationsinFrench-SpanishandFrench-Italianwaters.Theanalysisinvolvedadirectionalstudyofwindspeedat10mandaWeibulldistributionfit.TheWeibulldistributionwaschosenasitisconsideredtorepresentwind speed and other left-skewed data sets well. The Weibull distribution probability densityfunction(PDF)ispositiveonlyforpositivevaluesofx,andzerootherwise,andisgivenby
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑏𝑎𝑥𝑎
;<,𝑒<(>/@)A
Theshapeparameter(b)andthescaleparameter(a)areestimatedusingthemaximumlikelihoodmethod.
Figure9LocationsofstudysitesAandB.
ThedistributionofwindspeedintheFrench-Spanishwatersisa2-parameterWeibullwithashapeparameterof1.80andscaleof8.92,andthemaindirectionisNW(Figure10).ThedistributionofwindspeedintheFrench-Spanishwatersisa2-parameterWeibullwithashapeparameterof1.54andscaleof6.68,andthemaindirectionsareNEandSW(Figure11).
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Figure10(Left)Windspeeddistributionand(right)windroseplotatsiteA,asshowninFigure9.
Figure11(Left)Windspeeddistributionand(right)windroseplotatsiteB,asshowninFigure9.
TheGulfofLion ishighlyaffectedbytwo localwinds, theMarinandtheMistral.TheMarin isastrongSEwindthatisusuallyaccompaniedbywarm,cloudyweatherandrain.TheMistralblowsfromtheN/NWandcanlastuptoacoupleofdayswithspeedsreaching100km/h.ItoccurswhenadepressioniscenteredoverNWItalyandaridgeofhighpressureextendsnortheastwardacrosstheBayofBiscay.Thelatterisinagreementwiththeintensityoftheannualand10-yearmeanwindspeedandthewinddirectionobservedinthewindroseoflocationA.ThemainwinddirectionsoverlocationBareNEandSW,duetothechannelingbetweenCorsicaandNWItaly/NEFrancealongsidethedepressioncenteredovernorthwestItaly.MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2ThemethodusedforthewindfarmsitingchallengeisbasedontheapproachusedbyHRWallingfordincommercialprojectstohelpcompaniesselectpotentialwindfarmlocations.Themainaimofthestudy istoassesswhetherasite isasuitable locationforawindfarm.Theapproachclassifiesdataaccordingtotheir levelofsuitability,rangingfromgrade5forexclusionzones,toagrade1forareasdeemedappropriateforwindfarmdevelopment.ThissuitabilityscaleisdescribedindetailinTab.1.
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Site
availabilityCategory Symbol Description
Verylow 5 Thepresenceofavariablethatmakestheareaunsuitablefor
windfarmdevelopment
Low 4 Thesuitabilityoftheareaunderstudyforwindfarm
developmentislowduetonearbyreceptorsormarineactivities
Medium 3
Theinstallationandpresenceofawindfarmmayadverselyaffect
themarineactivityorsensitivereceptor,althoughthesitemay
besuitablefordevelopment
High 2
Thesiteissuitablefordevelopmentandonlyminoradverse
impactsonthesensitivereceptorormarineactivityare
anticipated
Veryhigh 1 Thesiteissuitablefordevelopmentandnoadverseimpactson
thesensitivereceptorormarineactivityareanticipated
Tab.1Levelsofsuitabilityforwindfarmsitingusedtoclassifytheareaunderinvestigation.
Themeanwindspeedanddirectionvaluesandtheassociatedvariabilitywereusedtocomputeasuitability indexof sitesonly in termsofenvironmental resources.Theappliedmethodology isdescribedinTab.2.Figure12showsamapofthesuitabilityoftheareaforwindenergyplatformdevelopmentbasedonenvironmentalresourcesonly.
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Tab.2Sitesuitabilityscoringindexbasedonenvironmentalresourcesonly.
Figure12Suitabilityindexmapbasedonenvironmentalresourcesonly.
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_3Inadditiontotheenvironmentalconsiderations, intenseanthropogenicactivity,biodiversityandsedimentcharacteristicsmayleadtoseveralconstraintsontheinstallationofwindturbinesintheareaofinterest.Asecondsuitabilityindexwasthereforedeveloped,whichcombinestheavailableenvironmental resources with the potential constraints set by local activities and naturalcharacteristics.Astheavailableinformationanddatawereaccessedinvariousformats,aGIStoolwasusedforthequantitativeanalysis.Theestimationsthatwereusedwerebasedon:
1. Seadepth
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2. Distancefromtheshore
3. Seabedcharacterization
4. MarineProtectedAreas
ThedatawerepreparedusingtheWGS84WorldReferencesystemandtheareacharacteristicsaredescribedinTable3.Table3Siteavailabilityforwindfarmsitingintermsofwaterdepthrange,distancefromshore,MarineProtectedAreasandSeabedcharacterization.
Siteavailability Waterdepthrange
(m)
Distancefrom
shore(km)
MarineProtected
Areas
Seabed
characterization
Verylow >500 >200or<25 Includedinthe
Natura2000
HabitatsandBirds
Directive
ProtectedSeagrass:
posidoniaoceanica
Low 200-500 150-200 Coralpresence,
Hardsubstrate,
Rockfragment,
Seagrass
Medium 60-200 100-150 Silt,clay
High 25-60 50-100 Mud,gravelly
sediment
Veryhigh 0-25 25-50 - Sand,Sediment
TheresultsareillustratedinFigures13and14.Asafinalconcludingremark,oneshouldemphasizethe high suitability of the area between French and Spanish waters for wind farm platformdevelopment.
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Figure13Suitabilityindexbasedonbiological,humanandgeophysicalconstraints.
Figure 14 Suitability index of wind farm locations in the NWMed based on environmentalresources,naturalbarriers,humanactivities,MPAandfisheries.
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ExpertevaluationofTargetedProductqualityandgapsintheinputdatasetsTheobjectiveistoprovideanexpertevaluationofthe“fitnessforpurposeanduse”foreachTargetedProduct.Thecoordinatoraskedthechallengeteamstoprovidethefollowinginformation.
1. Assignanoverallproductqualityscorewithrespecttoscope(fitnessforpurpose)andexplainwhy,accordingtothescaleinTableA.
2. Identify the most important characteristic(s) for the Targeted Product quality (if allcharacteristicsareimportant,pleasesayso).
3. Identifywhichqualityelement(s)(seeAnnex1)ofthemostimportantcharacteristic(s)affectstheTargetedProductquality.
4. IdentifythelimitationsofthequalityoftheTargetedproductsduetotheinputdatasetused.5. Explainwhichofthecharacteristics“mostfails”tomeetthescopeoftheTargetedProduct.6. Provide an expert judgement of themost importantgaps in the input data sets for each
TargetedProduct.SCORE MEANING
1 EXCELLENTàcompletelymeetsthescopeoftheTargetedProduct2 VERYGOODàmeetsmorethan70%ofthescopeoftheTargetedProduct3 GOODàmeetslessthan50%ofthescopeoftheTargetedProduct4 SUFFICIENTàdoesnotadequatelymeetthescopebutisastartingpoint5 INADEQUATEàdoesnotfulfillthescopeandisnotusable
TableATargetedProductsqualityscoresandtheirmeaning.
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_11. The product quality score is excellent (1). The developed wind/wave database and the
associatedstatisticalanalysismeetthetargetssetbytheprojectforacompleteassessmentof wind farm siting. A wide range of environmental parameters (beyond the classicwind/wave information)were considered, over an area that extends the borders of thepredefinedregionunderstudy.Thedatawereanalyzedusingavarietyofconventionalandadvancedstatisticaltoolsthatprovidecriticalinformationonthedataandtheirimpactonwindfarmsiting.
2. All of the input characteristics contribute to the product quality. However, the windcomponents(zonalandmeridional)arecriticalforestimatingtheavailablewindpower.
3. Thespatialandtemporalextentandresolutioncombinedwiththeaccuracyofthedataarethemostimportantqualityelementsthatinfluencetheanalysisusedtodefinetheoptimalareasforwindfarmdevelopment.
4. Theproduct’squalityislimitedbytheverticalandhorizontalresolutionofthewinddata,whichdoesnotresolvethesub-scalephenomena,especiallyhorizontally.
5. Allofthecharacteristicscontributetotheanalysis,butthe2-dimensionalwavespectrafailthe most to meet the scope of the product because the data are limited to specificpreselectedgridpoints.Inparticular,whiletheotheratmosphericandwaveparameterdataare in one-dimensional time series, thewave spectra are in 2-dimensionalmatrices thatcouldnotbestoredinfullduetostoragelimitations.Therefore,onlythewavespectrafor
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specific pre-defined pointswere stored in the data base.Nevertheless, these points areindicativeforthecoastlineofinterest.
6. Therearenoseriousgapsintheinputdatasets,butasmentionedabove,the2-dimensionalwave spectradataareonly available for fixedpre-selectedpoints rather than thewholedomainunderstudy,whichcreatessomerestrictions.
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_2
1. Theproduct’squalityscoreisexcellent (1).Thesuitability indexdevelopedforwindfarmsitingiscompleteanddetailedbecauseitcombinesstatisticalindexesandprovidesmeanvaluesandvariability.
2. Wind (zonalandmeridional components) is themost important characteristicbecause itdefinestheavailablewindpowerpotential.
3. The spatial (5 km) and temporal (hourly) resolutions guarantee a detailed and accurateanalysisofthesuitabilityofanareaforwindfarmdevelopment.
4. Theproduct’squalityislimitedbytheverticalandhorizontalresolutionofthewinddata,whichalthoughhigh,donotresolvethesub-scalephenomena,especiallyhorizontally.
5. Allthecharacteristicscontributetotheanalysisandnoneofthemfailstomeetthescopeoftheproduct.
6. Therewerenoseriousgapsintheinputdatasets.
MEDSEA_CH1_Product_31. Theproduct’squalityscoreisverygood(2).Itcoversthemostimportantresourcesavailable
in and constraints on the targeted area. It provides crucial information regarding thesuitabilityofthetargetedareaforwindfarmsiting.
2. Alloftheinputcharacteristicscontributetotheproductquality;however,thepresenceofanationalreserveorprotectedareapreventsanywindfarmdeployment.
3. Thespatialextentandresolution,togetherwiththeaccuracyandcompleteness,havethegreatestimpactontheproductquality.
4. Aswehaveveryaccurateandcomplete informationontheseadepthanddistancefromshore(withaspatialresolutionlessthan1km),theproduct’squalityismainlydrivenbythebiological or sediment dataset and the main concerns are their spatial accuracy andcompleteness.Thiswouldrequireupdatingthedatasetasoftenaspossible.
5. Allofthecharacteristicscontributetotheanalysisandmeetthescopeoftheproduct.Thebiologicaldata(marineprotectedareasandsediments)havethegreatestpotentialfortimeandspaceevolutionand,asstatedabove,theirdatabasesneedtobeupdatedasoftenaspossible.
6. Individualbiologicalspeciesdistributionsareavailable,butnotreadilyuseableinadatabaseand their presence is taken into account in the marine protected areas maps. Othercharacteristicscouldbeimportant,butinformationonthemwasnotavailable,eitherduetotheirreal-timeornon-freenature,suchascommercialshippingroutes,orduetodatapolicyreasons,particularlyregardingmilitaryareas.
TP CH1 1 1 2 1 3 2
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TableBSummaryofthequalityscoresassociatedwitheachTargetedProductaccordingtotheexperts’evaluationsandtheevaluationschemepresentedinTableA.
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Annex1:DefinitionsWeextractedthefollowingdefinitionsfromtheMedSeaLiteratureSurvey:CharacteristicInthisdocument,a“characteristic”isadistinguishingfeaturethatrefers
1. eithertoavariablederivedfromtheobservation,themeasurement,orthenumericalmodeloutputofaphenomenonorofanobjectpropertyintheenvironment;or
2. tothegeographicalrepresentationofanobjectonamap(i.e.,alayersuchasaprotectedarea,acoastlineorwreck)byasetofvectors(polygon,curve,point)oraraster(aspatialdatamodelthatdefinesspaceasanarrayofequallysizedcellssuchasagridoranimage).
EnvironmentalmatricesThisconceptisintroducedtoavoidambiguitieswhenusingacharacteristicnamesuchas“temperature”.Theenvironmentmatrixistheenvironmenttowhichacharacteristicisrelated,whichwedefineas
1. Air2. MarineWater3. FreshWater4. Biota/Biology5. Seabed6. Humanactivities.
Qualityprinciplesü Spatialextent
Boxorgeographicregionboundingthedatasets.ü Spatialresolution
Sizeofthesmallestobjectthatcanberesolvedontheground.Inarasterdataset,theresolutionislimitedbythecellsize.
ü SpatialaccuracyRequestedclosenessofcoordinatevaluestovaluesacceptedasorbeingtruee.g.onthebaseoftheinstrumentused.
ü TimeextentTimeintervalrepresentedbythedatasetorbythecollection.
ü TimeresolutionSizeofthesmallestintervaloftimethatcanberesolved.
ü TimeaccuracyRequestedclosenessoftemporalvaluestothevaluesthatareacceptedasoraretrue.
ü UsabilityTheextenttowhichaproductcanbeusedbyspecifieduserstoachievespecifiedgoalswitheffectiveness,efficiencyandsatisfactioninaspecifiedcontextofuse.
ü CompletenessAmountofmissingdatainadataset.
ü LogicalconsistencyDegreeofadherencetotherequiredformat.
ü ThematicaccuracyRequestedclosenessofcharacteristicvaluestothevaluesthatareacceptedasoraretrue(theso-calledattributeofadataentity,e.g.,"waveheight").Itincludesthecorrectnessoftheclassificationoffeaturesortheirassociations.
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