1. SUBMITTED BY- SANGEETA THAPA SAURABH TIWARI SHIKHA PANDEY
SHWETA SIDDHARTHA GROUP COHESIVENESS SUBMITTED TO- PROF S C
DAS
2. Group A Group can be defined as a collection of individuals
working in face-to-face relationships to share information and
resources for a task to be achieved. The main function of a group
is to exchange task- related information and discuss task related
issues.
3. Stages of Group Development Forming- In the forming stage a
lot of uncertainty persists about the groups purpose, structure and
leadership. They like to keep things simple and avoid any
controversy. Storming- The storming stage is characterized by the
domination of few members, as a result of which some members remain
completely passive. Norming- In the norming stage, group members
begin to resolve differences and clarify the purpose of the group
and roles of the group members. Performing- The performing stage is
marked by interdependence in personal relations and problem
solving. Adjourning- Adjourning involves the termination of task
behaviors and disengagement from relationships.
4. What is group cohesiveness? Group cohesiveness is the
ability to think and act 'as one' if the group is physically
together or not. A group is said to be in a state of cohesion when
its members possess bonds linking them to one another and to the
group as a whole. According to Stephen P Robbins, Group
cohesiveness is the degree to which members are attracted to each
other and are motivated to stay in the group. Cohesion grows out of
communication and common interest Builds group identity Creates
climate of inclusion for all members
5. Dimensions of group cohesiveness Group Unity Attraction Team
work
6. Group unity Many theorists believe that group cohesion
results from a deep sense of we-ness or belonging to a group as a
whole. By becoming enthusiastically involved in the efforts of
their group and by recognizing the similarities that exist among
group members, individuals tend to develop a close connection with
their group and its members.
7. Attraction According to Hogg (1992), group cohesiveness
typically develops from a depersonalized attraction to group
members based on their status as group members, rather than a
personal attraction based on specific relationships.
8. Team work Some theorists stress that cohesion comes from
group members commitment to work together to complete their shared
tasks and accomplish their collective goals. Members of
task-oriented groups typically exhibit great interdependence and
often possess feelings of responsibility for the groups
outcomes.
9. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO GROUP COHESIVENESS Threat &
Competition COHESION Time Together Previous Successes Difficulty in
Entry Group Size Similarities of attitudes and values
10. 1. Threat & Competition Whenever the common group goal
is threatened, cohesiveness increases. Also, such cohesiveness
increases the importance of the goals. When we fight for a goal,
the goal gets the highest priority. Thus the threatening party will
have less chance of success when faced with a unified force.
11. 2. Difficulty in Entry Some groups are not easy to join.
The members are very carefully selected and the selected members
feels a sense of pride and accomplishment. The more difficult it is
to get into a group, the more cohesive that group becomes. The
reason being that in exclusive and elite groups the members are
selected on the basis of certain characteristics and these
characteristics being common to all add to the degree of
liking
12. 3. Time Together It is quite natural that the more time
people spend together, the more they will get to know each other
and more tendency there will be to get closer to each other, thus
strengthening the degree of cohesiveness. In an organizational
setting, people who work near each other are more likely to spend
more time together.
13. 4. Group Size Since continuous and close interaction among
members is a fundamental necessity for cohesiveness, it would be
natural to assume that large groups restrict the extent of
communication and interaction with each other, thus resulting in
reduction of degree of cohesiveness.
14. 5. Previous Success When a group achieves a meaningful
goal, the cohesiveness of the group increases because the success
is shared by all the members and each one feels responsible for the
achievement. For example, when a sports team wins an important
game, every one in the team congratulates every other member of
the
15. 6. Similarity of Attitudes & Values One of the
strongest source of group cohesiveness is the similarity in values,
morals, beliefs and code of conduct. We enjoy the company of others
who hold similar opinions and characteristics as ourselves.
16. BENEFITS Increased morale Increased productivity Improved
communication Conformity and influences
17. Disadvantages Clash of personalities Conflict of task
Breakdown in communication Struggling for power Frequent turnover
of members Disagreement
18. HOW TO INCREASE COHESION? Make the group smaller. Encourage
agreement with group goals. Increase time members spend together.
Increase group status and admission difficultly. Stimulate
competition with other groups. Give rewards to the group, not
individuals. Physically isolate the group.
19. HOW TO DECREASE COHESION? Induce disagreement in group
goals. Increase membership heterogeneity. Restrict interaction
among members. Increase group size. Allocate reward to individuals
rather than to a group as a whole. Remove physical isolation.
Introduce a dominating member
20. Conclusion Group cohesion has been linked to a range of
positive and negative consequences. People in cohesive groups are
confronted with powerful pressures to confirm to the groups goals,
norms, and decisions. Cohesiveness leads to the improvement in
productivity and efficiency of individuals as well as groups.
21. Talent win games, but teamwork and intelligence wins
championships - Michael Jordon If you want to go Fast, go alone. If
you want to go Far, go together. Individually we are one drop but
together, we are an ocean. - Ryunosuke Satoro