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Presented by,
Vandana kumari2010mb72
Anuradha
2010mb73
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Outline
Introduction
Energy consumption
Need of Green Computing
Reducing energy consumption
Chemical elements used
Solution
Reference
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Introduction
Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of
computers and related resources.
The study and practice of designing manufacturing, using,
and disposing of computers, servers, and associated
subsystemssuch as monitors, printers, storage devices,
and networking and communications systemsefficientlyand effectively with minimal effect on the environment."[
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_computing8/2/2019 Green Censorship
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Energy consumption
A typical desktop PC may require approximately 100 watts of
electrical power
50-150 watts for a 15-17 inch monitor, proportionately more
for larger monitors
Conventional laser printers can be as much as 100 watts or
more.
Ink jet printers use as little as 12 watts while printing and 5
watts while idling
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Need of Green Computing
Computer energy is often wasteful
Leaving the computer on when not in use (CPU and fanconsume power, screen savers consume power)
Printing is often wasteful How many of you print out your emails or meeting
agendas
Printing out partial drafts
For a paperless society, we tend to use more papertoday than before computer-prevalence.
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Pollution
Manufacturing techniques
Packaging
Disposal of computers and components
Toxicity
There are toxic chemicals used in the manufacturing ofcomputers and components which can enter the foodchain and water
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Reducing Energy Consumption
Turn off the computer when not in use, even if just for an hour.
Turn off the monitor when not in use.
Use power saver mode.
Use hardware/software with the Energy Star label
Energy Star is a seal of approval by the Energy Starorganization of the government (the EPA)
Dont print unless necessary and you are ready.
Use LCDs instead of CRTs as they are more power efficient.
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Chemical Elements Used: Lead
Used in soldering of printed circuit boards and other
components. Also used in glass for CRTs.
The problem:
Lead can cause damage to the central and peripheralnervous systems, blood system, kidneys, endocrine systemand cause negative effects on child brain development.
Lead accumulates in the environment and has toxic effects
on plants, animals and microorganisms. Electronics contribute 40% of the total amount of lead found
in landfills and can make its way from landfills into thewater supplies.
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Chemical Elements Used: Mercury
Mercury is used in batteries, switches, housing, printed circuitboards.
Mercury is found in medical equipment, data transmissionequipment, telecommunications equipment and cell phones aswell.
It is estimated that 22% of the yearly use of mercury is inelectrical and electronic equipment.
The problem
Mercury spreads out in water transforming into methylated
mercury which easily accumulates in living organisms. It enters the food chain through fish that swim in polluted
waters.
Methylated mercury can cause chronic brain damage.
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Other Chemical Elements
Cadmium is used in resistors for chips, infrared detectors and insemiconductors (plus older CRTs).
The problem:
Cadmium is classified as toxic, these compounds accumulate in
the human body, particularly the kidneys. Cadmium is absorbed through respiration and also food intake.
Cadmium has a half life of 30 years so that cadmium can poisona human body slowly through the humans life.
Hexavalent Chromium (Chromium VI) is used to treat steel plates(an anti-corrosive). This can lead to cancer and a number ofother medical problems.
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Plastics
Plastics are found throughout the computer, largely from casingsbut also internally to hold components together.
One specific form of plastics used is polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
which is used in cabling and housings.
The plastics in computers are often treated with flame retardantchemicals, particularly brominates flame retardant.
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Solutions
Reuse: Donate your computer components to people who may nothave or have lesser quality computers like inner city schools,churches, libraries, third world countries.
Refurbish: Rather than discarding your computer when the nextgeneration is released, just get a new CPU and memory chips upgrade rather than replace, while you will still be discarded somecomponents, you will retain most of the computer system (e.g.,monitor, the system unit housing, cable).
Recycling: If companies can recycle the plastics and othercomponents, this can greatly reduce waste and toxins.
However, the hazardous materials in e-waste can harm the recycleworkers if they are not properly protected.
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Developed countries now have facilities for recycling e-waste.
However, in Europe, the plastics are discarded instead of
recycled because the flame retardant chemicals are too toxic to
work with.
To resolve these problems, the computer manufacturers must start
using recyclable chemicals
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References
http://ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/projects/green_computing.html
http://www.energymanagement.umich.edu/utilities/e
nergy_management/computing/ http://www.facilities.ohiou.edu/greenpc
http://www.environment.columbia.edu/docs-wycd/green_guide/Facts.html
http://wiki.williams.edu/display/docs/Green+Computing
.
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