Gravitation JeopardyUniversal
Law of Gravitation
Kepler’s Laws
Astronomy Circular Motion
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Part 1: Universal Law of Gravitation
10 Points – ULG
Using Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation, if the mass of one of the objects increases by 5, what happens to the force exerted between them?
Answer Main
10 Points Answer – ULG
• The force increases by 5.
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20 Points - ULG
Using Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation, if the radius between the objects increases by 5, what happens to the force exerted between them?
MainAnswer
20 Points Answer – ULG
• The force decreases by 52
Or the force is 1/25 of the original force.
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30 Points - ULG
MainAnswer
Using Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation, if the radius between the objects decreases by 5, what happens to the force exerted between them?
30 Points Answer – ULG
• The force increases by 52
Or the force is 25 times the original force.
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40 Points – ULG
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• Determine the gravitational force exerted by cookie monster on a nearby cookie.– Mass of cookie monster: 200 kg– Mass of cookie: 0.3 kg– Distance between them: 5 m– G: 6.67 x 10-11
40 Points Answer – ULG
F = Gm1m2/r2
= (6.67x10-11)(200kg)(0.3kg)/(5m2) = 1.6 x 10-10 N
MainQuestion
50 Points – ULG
MainAnswer
• Graph gravitational force versus the distance between two objects
• How are these two physical quantities related?– Directly proportional– Directly proportional to the square of the distance– Inversely proportional– Inversely proportional to the square of the distance
50 Points Answer – ULG
• How are these two physical quantities related?- Directly proportional- Directly proportional to
the square of the distance
- Inversely proportional- Inversely proportional
to the square of the distance
MainQuestion
60 Points – ULG
MainAnswer
• State Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation.
60 Points Answer – ULG
Fgrav = Gm1m2/r2
Gravitational force = Gravitational constant*mass1*mass2/radius2
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Part 2: Kepler’s Laws
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10 Points – Kepler
MainAnswer
• What is Kepler’s First Law?
• What is at one focus?
10 Points Answer – Kepler
Kepler’s First Law:All planets orbit around the sun in an elliptical shape.
The sun is at one focus.
MainQuestion
20 Points – Kepler
• What is Kepler’s Second Law? What does it tell you about the speed of an object in an elliptical orbit?
MainAnswer
20 Points Answer – Kepler
• Objects sweep out equal areas in equal amounts of time in their orbitT1 = T2 if A1 = A2
• Objects travel faster when closer to the sun
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30 Points – Kepler
• State Kepler’s Third Law. What ratio is equal to Kepler’s constant for all bodies orbiting the sun?
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30 Points Answer – Kepler
• The period squared divided by the semi-major axis cubed is equal to Kepler’s constant.
• Kepler’s constant is equal to 1.
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40 Points – KeplerDOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!
• What does stellar retrograde motion depict?
• Why does Kepler’s First Law explain this phenomena?
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40 Points Answer – Kepler
• Stellar retrograde motion is when stars or planets appear to move backwards in the sky.
• We orbit the sun instead of all planets orbiting us; therefore, if we pass another planet as we circle the sun – it appears as though that planet is travelling backwards.
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50 Points – Kepler
Earth moves more slowly in its orbit during June than during January. Is Earth closer to the sun in June or in January? What is the rationale for your answer?
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50 Points Answer – Kepler
MainQuestion
• Earth is closer to the sun in January. Since it travels slower in June, that means the gravitational pull is less which means Earth must be farther away in June.
60 Points – Kepler
• Sketch the force and velocity arrows at each point in this diagram.
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60 Points Answer – Kepler
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Velocity arrows are red – always tangent to the ellipseForce arrows are green – always pointed toward the focus
Part 3: Astronomy
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10 Points – Astronomy
• What are the two types of planets and what are their main differences?
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10 Points Answer – Astronomy
• Terrestrial and Jovian– Terrestrial are rocky planets– Jovian are the gas giants
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20 Points – Astronomy
• What are the criteria for being a planet?
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20 Points Answer – Astronomy
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• Need to clear out the space in their orbit• Need to be circular in shape• Need to orbit the sun
30 Points – Astronomy
MainAnswer
• How does the gravitational force exerted by one planet in space on a second relate to the force exerted by the second planet on the first?
30 Points Answer – Astronomy
• The forces are equal (Newton’s Third Law) and opposite in direction.
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40 Points – Astronomy
MainAnswer
• List the planets around our sun in order.
40 Points Answer – Astronomy
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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50 Points – Astronomy
• Explain what causes tides.
Answer Main
50 Points Answer – Astronomy
• The moon pulls on each side of the Earth differently, causing high tides on the side closest to the moon and further away.
Question Main
60 Points – Astronomy
• What are comets? What shape do their orbits make? How does that help explain why comets may not have originally been part of the solar system?
Answer Main
60 Points Answer – Astronomy
• Comets are balls of dust and ice.• They orbit in very eccentric orbits (very oval
shapes) so they are not seen for very long periods of time
• Because comets appear so irregularly, astronomers were not able to chart their course as easily as the other planets.
Question Main
Part 1: Circular Motion
10 Points – CM
What direction is the acceleration for an object spinning in a circle?
Answer Main
10 Points Answer – CM
• Towards the center of the circle
MainQuestion
20 Points - CM
Anna Litical is practicing a centripetal force demonstration at home. She fills a bucket with water, ties it to a strong rope, and spins it in a circle. Why does the water not fall out?
MainAnswer
20 Points Answer – CM
• Inertia keeps the water moving in a straight line, so the water “pushes against the back of the bucket” keeping it from falling out.
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30 Points - CM
MainAnswer
A 900-kg car moving at 10 m/s takes a turn around a circle with a radius of 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration and the net force acting upon the car.
30 Points Answer – CM
TOK:- m = 900kg- v = 10 m/s- r = 25.0 m
a = v2/r = 102/25 = 4 m/s2 F = ma = 900*4 = 3600 N
MainQuestion
40 Points – CM
MainAnswer
A tube is been placed upon the table and shaped into a three-quarters circle. A golf ball is pushed into the tube at one end at high speed. The ball rolls through the tube and exits at the opposite end. Describe the path of the golf ball as it exits the tube.
40 Points Answer – ULG
MainQuestion
Will leave the tube in the direction it was moving already (inertia)
50 Points – CM
MainAnswer
• You want to make a bowling ball travel in a circular counter-clockwise path around you (this means YOU are the center point). After you set the ball in motion “to the left”, in what direction will force need to be exerted to keep the ball in a circular path?
– You need to constantly push the ball away from you– You need to constantly push the ball toward you.– You need to constantly push the ball to the left
50 Points Answer – CM
• You want to make a bowling ball travel in a circular counter-clockwise path around you (this means YOU are the center point). After you set the ball in motion “to the left”, in what direction will force need to be exerted to keep the ball in a circular path?
– You need to constantly push the ball away from you– You need to constantly push the ball toward you.– You need to constantly push the ball to the left
MainQuestion
60 Points – CM
MainAnswer
Determine the centripetal force acting upon a 40-kg child who makes 10 revolutions around the Cliffhanger in 29.3 seconds. The radius of the barrel is 2.90 meters.
60 Points Answer – CM
T = sec/rev = 29.3s/10rev = 2.93s
v = 2πr/T = 2π(2.90m)/2.93s = 6.2m/s
F = mv2/r = (40kg)(6.22 m/s)/(2.90m) = 533.4 N
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Physics CP Jeopardy
Gravitation, Kepler’s Laws and Astronomy Review
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