Grand Rounds
Goldenhar Syndrome
Mark A Ihnen, M.D.University of Louisville School of Medicine
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences6/20/2014
Presentation CC: “white lesions on the eye”
HPI: 20 day-old male infant with a h/o complex congenital heart disease who was noted to have 2 masses at the limbus of the right eye.
PMH: – Congenital heart disease: DORV, TGA, large VSD and
coarctation of aorta/hypoplastic aortic arch. – Multiple dysmorphic facial features.
POH: none Birth History:
– Gestational Age: 37 weeks, uncomplicated delivery.
Exam
4→3
BCVA P Tdig
BTL
BTL 4→3
No APD
soft
soft
EOM: Grossly Full OU
DFE: WNL OU
Clinical Photograph
Clinical Photograph
Clinical Photograph
External Exam Photo: OD
Clinical photo demonstrating two (temporal and inferior) limbal dermoids.
Anterior Segment FindingsOD OS
External Multiple dysmorphic features including bilateral preauricular skin tags, high arched palate, right maxillary and mandibular hypoplasia, and micrognathia
L/L wnl wnlConj wnl wnlK temporal and inferior wnl
limbal dermoids AC wnl wnlIris wnl wnlLens wnl wnl
Assessment
20 day-old male infant with multiple congenital cardiac defects, right-sided hemifacial hypoplasia, preauricular skin tags and limbal dermoids OD.
DDX:– Goldenhar Syndrome or Oculo-Auriculo-
Vertebral Syndrome (OAV)
Plan
Genetics department re-consulted and recommended Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA), renal ultrasound and hearing test.
Renal ultrasound normal. Hearing test results abnormal. CMA results normal.
Follow-up in outpatient Pediatric Ophthalmology clinic.
Hospital Course
Pt underwent multiple cardiopulmonary and surgical procedures:– Aortic coarctation repair– Pulmonary artery banding with atrial
septectomy and subaortic myomectomy– Tracheostomy– Nissen fundoplication with G-tube– Coded twice during hospital course
Clinical Course
Discharged home after an extended three month hospitalization.
2 weeks later, patient expired secondary to cardiopulmonary arrest at home.
Goldenhar Syndrome Background
– First described by Maurice Goldenhar, MD (1924-2001) in 1952.
– Also known as Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral syndrome (OAV)– Defect in the development of the first and second branchial
arches.
Incidence:– Incidence is approximately 1 per 25-45,000 births.– Male to female ratio, 2:1.
Genetics:– Most cases are sporadic, but there are very rare familial
cases that exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance
Hemifacial Microsomia, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
Goldenhar Syndrome: Findings
Ocular:– Limbal dermoids (most common)– Eyelid colobomas– Associated with Duane Syndrome– Micropthalmia
Systemic:– Pre-auricular skin tags with microtia or anotia– Skeletal anomalies including hemifacial microsomia and
vertebral hypoplasia– Cardiac, neurologic and renal defects– Deafness– Facial weakness
Martelli-Junior H, Miranda RT, Fernandes CM, et al; Goldenhar syndrome: clinical features with orofacial emphasis. J Appl Oral Sci. 2010 Dec;18(6):646
Goldenhar Syndrome: Treatment and Prognosis
Ophthalmic Management:– Surgical excision may be required to excise large limbal
dermoids if causing occlusive or astigmatic amblyopia– Surgical repair of lid colobomas if exposure is present.
Prognosis:– Goldenhar syndrome exhibits extreme variability.– Prognosis is variable and depends on the presence and
severity of associated cardiovascular, neurological and other complications.
– The prognosis for most children with Goldenhar syndrome is good, most will have a normal life span.
Case Report:– Described the case of a 34-week-old fetus
diagnosed prenatally with OAV/Goldenhar Syndrome and associated complex congenital heart defects.
– Postnatal assessment of the infant confirmed the prenatal diagnosis.
References1. Martelli-Junior H, Miranda RT, Fernandes CM, et al; Goldenhar syndrome:
clinical features with orofacial emphasis. J Appl Oral Sci. 2010 Dec;18(6):646
2. Hemifacial Microsomia, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)3. Engiz O, Balci S, Unsal M, et al; 31 cases with oculoauriculovertebral
dysplasia (Goldenhar syndrome): clinical, Genet Couns. 2007;18(3):277-884. Morrison PJ, Mulholland HC, Craig BG, et al; Cardiovascular abnormalities in
the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (Goldenhar syndrome). Am J Med Genet. 1992 Nov 1;44(4):425-8
5. Rosa RF, Graziadio C, Lenhardt R, et al; Central nervous system abnormalities in patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2010 Feb;68(1):98-102
6. Touliatou V, Fryssira H, Mavrou A, et al; Clinical manifestations in 17 Greek patients with Goldenhar syndrome. Genet Couns. 2006;17(3):359-70
7. Graff JM, Bhola R, Olson RJ: Goldenhar Syndrome (Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum): 6 day-old male with limbal dermoids. Eyerounds.org. March 31, 2006
8. Tasse C, Hohringer S, Fisher S, Ludecke HJ, Albrecht B, et al. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS): clinical evaluation and severity scoring of 53 patients and proposal for a new classification. Eur J Med Genet. 2005;48(4):397-411.
Thank you.
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