Download - Grammar Clinic Cards - ALUMNI · Grammar Clinic Cards 1 BASIC TEEN 4 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS INDEX UNIT 6 – Cards 6_01 Second Conditional UNIT 6 – Cards 6_02 Conditionals UNIT 6

Grammar Clinic Cards

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BASIC TEEN 4

GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX

UNIT 6 – Cards 6_01 Second Conditional

UNIT 6 – Cards 6_02 Conditionals





UNIT 7 – Cards 7_01 Passive Voice




UNIT 7 – Cards 7_05 Passive x Active Voice


UNIT 7 – Cards 7_07 Passive Voice with Simple Past



UNIT 7 – Cards 7_10 Infinitives of Purpose

UNIT 8 – Cards 8_01 Past Perfect





UNIT 8 – Cards 8_06 Simple Past x Past Perfect





UNIT 9 – Cards 9_01 Reported Speech





UNIT 9 – Cards 9_06 Reported Questions





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UNIT 10 – Cards 10_01 Reflexive Pronouns





UNIT 10 – Cards 10_06 Causative with Have or Get






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BASIC TEEN 4 – Card 06_01

Unit 6 – SECOND CONDITIONAL

Directions: Complete the sentence with the second conditional.

1. If my sister _______(be) here, she _______ (know) what to do in such a situation. 2. If the weather ______(be) hot, my friends and I ________ (not stay) at home. 3. If I _______(modal – visit) any place in the world, I _______ (go) to China. 4. You _______(feel) better if you _______(do) some physical exercises. 5. What _______you_______(do) if you __________ (meet) a famous person? 6. If you ________(modal – choose) any profession, what _________ (be - you)? 7. She ________(answer) the phone if she _______(not be) so busy. 8. If my teacher ________(not be) so demanding, I _________(never do) my homework. 9. The mechanic _______(not fix) the car if he __________ (not have) the tools. 10. I ________(make) a chicken sandwich if I _______(have) the ingredients, but I only

have tuna. If you _________ (like) tuna, you ________(modal – eat) one. I’m sorry.


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Unit 6 – SECOND CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

1. were / would know

2. were / wouldn’t stay

3. could visit/ would go

4. would feel better / did

5. would / met

6. could choose / would you be

7. would answer / weren’t

8. weren’t / would never do

9. wouldn’t fix / didn’t have

10. would make/had / liked/ could eat


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BASIC TEEN 4 – Card 6__02

Unit 2 - CONDITIONALS

Directions: Rewrite these sentences using a 2nd conditional.

Situation: What would you do if _______________ ?

Ex: If my mother gave me a dish full of spinach, I wouldn’t eat it.

1. Your friend spilled chocolate on top of your favorite CD. You got upset. 2. You made a forbidden “U” turn. The policeman saw you. You got a ticket. 3. You saw a colleague cheating during the quiz and you told the teacher all about it. 4. You got a pack of cigarettes from a friend. You hate smoking. You threw it in the trash

can.

5. You saw a woman stealing from a shop. You called store security.

6. You took a bus and you didn’t have money for the fare. You had to get off.


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BASIC TEEN 4 – Card 6__02


POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1. If my friend spilled chocolate on top of my favorite CD, I would get upset.

2. If the policeman saw me make a forbidden “U” turn, I would get a ticket.

3. If I saw a colleague cheating during the quiz, I would tell the teacher all about it.

4. If I got a pack of cigarettes, I would throw it in the trash can.

5. If I saw a woman stealing from a shop, I would call store security.

6. If I didn’t have money to pay the bus fare, I would have to get off.


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Directions: Use the 2nd conditional to finish the following sentences:

Ex: You spilled milk on your friend’s party dress. What would you do?

I would take it to the cleaner’s.

1. You found a bag full of money on the street. I __________.

2. You see two little boys robbing an old woman. I ________.

3. When you phone your friend, she answers it crying. I___________.

4. You keep getting very low grades at school. I __________.

5. After you ate a delicious burger, the waiter charges you for a coke. I ___________.

6. You buy popcorn with a one dollar bill and they give you change for a ten dollar bill. I

____________.


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POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1. I would try to find the owner.

2. I would try to catch the robber 3. I’d cheer her up. 4. I would study more. 5. I wouldn’t complain. 6. I would return the money.


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Directions: Use 2nd Conditional to complete the sentences.

Situation: What would you do in these situations?

1. You are at a party with some friends, and see a girl in the corner of the room looking uncomfortable. If this happened, I ________________.

2. That handsome boy invites you to go to Fasano, and you notice he has no manners at all

while eating. If this happened, I _________________. 3. Your friend’s mother asks you to put the dishes back in the cupboard, and you drop a

whole pile, of at least 20 of them, on the floor. The pieces are all over. If this happened, I _________________.

4. You go to a wedding and the groom is not wearing suitable clothes. He is in jeans and T-

shirt. If this happened, I ________________. 5. Your teacher says you’re improving. You used to get 2.5 in physics and now you get 7.5.

If this happened, I ________________.


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ANSWER KEY:

(possible answers)

1. I would invite her to join us.

2. I would stand up and walk away.

3. I would certainly start crying.

4. I would think I was in the wrong place.

5. I would think I was dreaming.


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Directions: Use 2nd Conditional to complete the sentences.

1) If Sally ________________ (have) money, she ________________ (travel) more. 2) We ________________ definitely ________________ (go) out more often if our parents ________________ (allow). 3) Dad, if I ________________ (have) time I ________________ (clean) my bedroom and I ________________ (do) my homework. But I don’t have time for that! 4) If Tom ________________ (know) how to cook, we ________________ (eat) out every day. 5) If you ________________ (not - study) so much, you ________________ (not - get) such good grades. 6) Ted told me that if he ________________ (live) alone, he ________________ (adopt) two dogs. 7) I’m sure they ________________ (talk) to you if they ________________ (know) you are such a funny person! 8) I ________________ (travel) to Germany more often if I ________________ (speak) German fluently. 9) If I ________________ (not - have) to do my homework, I ________________ (go) to the mall. 10) We ________________ (not - be) dating if we ________________ (not - love) each other.


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Unit 6 – CONDITIONALS

ANSWER KEY:

1) had / would travel

2) would – go / allowed

3) had / would clean / would do

4) knew / wouldn’t eat

5) didn’t study / wouldn’t get

6) lived / would adopt

7) would talk / knew

8) would travel / spoke

9) didn’t have / would go

10) wouldn’t be / didn’t love


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Directions: Match the sentences.

1) My best friend would be really mad

2) If Mandy had a cat and Sam had a dog,

3) If I didn’t live in Brazil,

4) Our mother would never be late for work

5) Peter would be here

6) They would buy a bigger house

a) if she didn’t have to spend so much time in traffic.

b) they would be happier.

c) if they won the lottery.

d) if he found out I told everyone his secret.

e) if he didn’t have to work overtime.

f) I have no idea where I would live.


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Unit 6 – CONDITIONALS

ANSWER KEY:

1. d

2. b

3. f

4. a

5. e

6. c


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BASIC TEEN 4 – CARD 07_01

Unit 07 – PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of passive:

1. Feijoada _____________in Brazil. (eat)

2. Tango _______________in Argentina. (dance)

3. Sony TV sets and radios ____________in Japan. (make)

4. Tequila ________________in Mexico. (drink)

5. Many dialects ____________in Africa. (speak)

6. Stolen cars ______________to Paraguay. (take)

7. Cows __________________in India. (adore)

8. Grapes _________________in Portugal. (grow)

9. Bicycles ________________in China (ride)

10. Turkey ________ for Thanksgiving dinner in the USA. (prepare)


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ANSWER KEY:

1. is eaten

2. is danced

3. are made

4. is drunk

5. are spoken

6. are taken

7. are adored

8. are grown

9. are ridden

10. is prepared


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Directions: Complete the following story with the appropriate passive:

Valentine’s Day (1)_______________(celebrate) in the USA on the 14th of February.

On that day cards (2) ________________(send) not only to your friends, but also to your

love. Different presents (3) ____________(sell) at stores and the most popular one I think is

flowers. Thousands of flowers (4)________________(grow) all over the year by specialists

and (5)_________________(pick) near the Valentine’s day. After that they (6)

______________ (distribute) among the flower shops and beautiful arrangements

(7) ____________ (make). People get really happy on that day, because some flowers

(8) ___________ (bring) by their loved ones and others (9) _____________(deliver) at their

offices or houses. These people (10) __________________(surprise) by a demonstration of

love.

In Brazil our “Dia dos Namorados” is a little different from Valentine’s Day. It’s a

very important day for people in love, not friends. Some time before TV commercials

(11)________________ (show) all day long and billboards (12)___________(spread) around

the city. Different presents (13)______________(invent) each year and usually a good

restaurant (14) ______________(choose) by the couple.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. is celebrated

2. are sent

3. are sold

4. are grown

5. are picked

6. are distributed

7. are made

8. are brought

9. are delivered

10. are surprised

11. are shown

12. are spread

13. are invented

14. is chosen


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BASIC TEEN 4 - Card 07_03


Directions: The sentences below use the active voice. Rewrite them, using the passive

voice.

1. Somebody cleans the office every day.

_________________________________

2. They select the cast in this room.

_________________________________

3. People spend a lot of money on food.

_________________________________

4. The directors should implement changes. _________________________________

5. Someone steals a car every day.

_________________________________

6. They build houses.

_________________________________

7.The secretary prints documents in the office.

_________________________________

8. John cleans a lot of cars at his carwash every week.

_________________________________


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ANSWER KEY:

1. The office is cleaned every day.

2. The cast is selected in this room by them.

3. A lot of money is spent on food.

4. Changes should be implemented by the directors.

5. A car is stolen every day.

6. Houses are built by them.

7. Documents are printed in the office by the secretary.

8. A lot of cars are cleaned by John at his carwash every week.


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Directions: Complete the sentences with passive voice in the present tense.

1. Gandhi _____________ (know) around the world.

2. My sister ___________ (amaze) by rollercoasters.

3. The O.C. ____________ (shoot) in California.

4. Nowadays, cars ___________ (build) by machines.

5. English __________ (speak) in many countries.

6. Cows ___________ (raise) in big properties.

7. A lot of e-mails ___________(write) every day.

8. Hundreds of cell phones __________(sell) every month.

9. Thousands of people ___________ (kill) in wars.

10. How ____ this word __________ (pronounce)?


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ANSWER KEY:

1. is known

2. is amazed

3. is shot

4. are built

5. is spoken

6. are raised

7. are written

8. are sold

9. are killed

10. is pronounced


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Unit 07 – PASSIVE x ACTIVE VOICE

Directions: Change the sentence from ACTIVE to PASSIVE.

1. People speak German in Austria.

2. Brazil produces coffee.

3. Mother Theresa helped many poor people.

4. The USA invaded Iraq.

5. The students did a test.

6. Someone stole my wallet.

7. Janet cleans the house on Fridays.

8. Silvio Santos gives people a lot of money.

9. “Titãs” sings rock music.

10. Journalists interview celebrities.


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Unit 07 – PASSIVE x ACTIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. German is spoken in Austria.

2. Coffee is produced in Brazil.

3. Many poor people were helped by Mother Theresa.

4. Iraq was invaded by the USA.

5. The test was done by the students.

6. My wallet was stolen

7. The house is cleaned by Janet on Fridays.

8. People are given a lot of money by Silvio Santos or A lot of money is given to people

by Silvio Santos.

9. Rock music is sung by “Titãs.”

10. Celebrities are interviewed by journalists.


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Unit 07 - PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Ask questions for these answers using the Passive Voice.

Ex.: Is sugar cane cultivated in Brazil? Yes, they cultivate sugar cane in Brazil.

1. Yes, they make chocolate out of cocoa. 2. No, they don’t speak Chinese in Africa. 3. No, the engineer didn’t build that big house. 4. Yes, the child broke that vase 5. Yes, Melanie brings the bread. 6. Yes, that worker dug the hole in the earth. 7. Yes, the tailor cut the gray suit. 8. Yes, my mother gave me the new pair of jeans. 9. No, the history teacher doesn’t teach algebra. 10. Yes, the students learn the lesson. 11. Yes, my sister lent me the wallet.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Is chocolate made out of cocoa? 2. Is Chinese spoken in Africa? 3. Was that big house built by the engineer? 4. Was the vase broken by the child? 5. Is the bread brought by Melanie? 6. Was the hole dug by the worker? 7. Was the gray suit cut by the tailor? 8. Was the new pair of jeans given by your mother? 9. Is algebra taught by the history teacher? 10. Is the lesson learned by the students? 11. Was the wallet lent to you by your sister?


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Unit 07 - PASSIVE VOICE WITH SIMPLE PAST

Directions: Rewrite the sentences using the Passive Voice.

Situation: These are the answers given in a TV show:

Did you know that?

1. Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil.

2. Goya painted “La Maja Desnuda.”

3. Eminem sang “Lose Yourself.”

4. Marie Curie discovered radium.

5. Tom Jobim composed “Garota de Ipanema.”

6. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.

7. Elton John wrote “Blessed.”

8. Jô Soares wrote “O Xangô de Baker Street.”

9. Nicole Kidman won the Oscar in 2003.

10. The Brazilian soccer team won the World Cup in 2002.

11. A lot of people saw “Titanic.”

12. Steven Spielberg directed “Minority Report.”


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Unit 07 - PASSIVE VOICE WITH SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. Brazil was discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral. 2. “La Maja Desnuda “ was painted by Goya. 3. “Lose Yourself” was sung by Eminem. 4. Radium was discovered by Marie Curie. 5. “Garota de Ipanema” was composed by Tom Jobim. 6. The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison. 7. “Blessed” was written by Elton John. 8. “O Xangô de Baker Street” was written by Jô Soares. 9. The Oscar was won by Nicole Kidman in 2003. 10. The World Cup was won by the Brazilian soccer team in 2002. 11. “Titanic” was seen by a lot of people.

12. “Minority Report” was directed by Steven Spielberg.


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Directions: Change these sentences to passive voice.

Ex: They wrote a composition. A composition was written.

1. They raise the poor children with care. 2. They teach them responsibility. 3. They always feed the poor kids. 4. They buy them clothes. 5. They teach them how to read. 6. They take them to school. 7. They show them around the school. 8. They tell them right from wrong. 9. They buy the girls flowers. 10. They give the boys balls.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. The poor children are raised with care.

2. They are taught responsibility. 3. They are always fed. 4. Clothes are bought for them. 5. They are taught how to read. 6. They are taken to school. 7. They are shown around the school. 8. They are told right from wrong. 9. Flowers are bought for the girls. 10. Balls are given to the boys.


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Directions: Make these sentences passive.

Ex: They produce wine in California. Wine is produced in California.

1. They grow corn in Mexico. 2. We usually eat green vegetables before lunch. 3. They grow red cherries in Chile. 4. Brazil manufactures cotton clothes. 5. They speak English in Baby Beef Rubayat Restaurant. 6. They teach Portuguese grammar in our schools. 7. They wore monokinis in Rio de Janeiro some time ago. 8. That good athlete won the difficult competition. 9. Brazil produced a great deal of sugar for exportation.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Corn is grown in Mexico. 2. Green vegetables are usually eaten before lunch. 3. Red cherries are grown in Chile. 4. Cotton clothes are manufactured in Brazil. 5. English is spoken in Baby Beef Rubayat Restaurant. 6. Portuguese grammar is taught in our schools. 7. Monokinis were worn in Rio de Janeiro some time ago. 8. The difficult competition was won by that good athlete. 9. A great deal of sugar for exportation was produced in Brazil.


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Unit 07 – INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE

Answer the following questions using infinitives of purpose:

1. Why do you study English?

2. Why do you study English at Alumni?

3. What do you need to do every day after class?

4. Why do people eat fruits and vegetables?

5. Why do young people get tattoos?

6. Why do people wear sunglasses?

7. What do your parents want you to study?

8. Why do young people go to the shopping mall?

9. Why do soccer players live abroad?

10. Why do people travel to the beach?


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Unit 07 – INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE

ANSWER KEY:

(Possible Answers)

If you have doubts talk to your class teacher or the GC teacher.

1. To get a good job in the future.

2. To learn from the best teachers.

3. To do my homework.

4. To be healthy.

5. To look cool.

6. Not to be blinded by the sun.

7. To be someone in life when I grow up.

8. To hang out with their friends.

9. To be paid in dollars.

10.To get a suntan.


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Unit 8 – PAST PERFECT

Directions: Read each sentence below and find the correct sequence of the events.

1. When I got home, the rain had flooded the garage. a. First I got home and then the rain flooded the garage. b. The rain flooded the garage and then I got home.

2. By the time the bride got to the church, most of the guests had left. a. The guests left and the bride got to the church. b. The bride got to the church and the guests left.

3. Roberto Carlos had had an accident before he became famous. a. He became famous and had an accident. b. He became famous after having an accident.

4. When the waiter brought the check I noticed I had been robbed. a. First I was robbed and then I noticed that when the waiter brought the check. b. I noticed I had been robbed before the waiter brought the check.

5. Before my fiancé gave me a diamond ring, I had bought a pair of diamond earrings. a. I bought a pair of earrings and then my fiancé gave me the ring. b. My fiancé gave me the ring and then I bought the earrings.

6. By the time my grandparents got married, the World War had finished. a. The World War finished and my grandparents got married. b. My grandparents got married and the World War finished.

7. By the time Silvio Santos started on TV, he had been selling different articles on ferryboats in Rio de Janeiro.

a. Silvio Santos sold articles on ferryboats and started on TV. b. Silvio Santos started on TV before being a salesperson on the ferryboat.

8. When I went to my friend’s party my car had already been stolen. a. I went to the party and someone stole my car. b. Someone stole my car and I went to the party.

9. In 1981 CD players hadn’t been brought to Brazil. a. CD players were brought to Brazil before 1981. b. CD players were brought to Brazil after 1981.

10. I hadn’t eaten pudding when the ice cream was served. a. I ate the ice cream and then the pudding was served b. I ate the pudding and the ice cream was served.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. b

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. a

6. a

7. a

8. b

9. b

10. a


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Directions: Use the cue words to make sentences using the Past Perfect:

Example: Jack/be born / his father/ get his Master’s degree.

When Jack was born, his father had gotten his Master’s degree.

1. James /turn two years old/ learn/ swim.

2. Jane/ go to school/ her father/ work there.

3. Ann/live abroad/meet her husband.

4. Jack and Jill /married long time/ decide /have a baby.

5. My boss/ leave/ his wife/ call.

6. Many people/die/ scientists/ find/ cure for tuberculosis.

7. I/ exercise/ one hour/ lights/ go off.

8. My brother/ arrive/ home/ start/ rain.

9. Ronaldo/not divorce Milene Domingues / marry/ Daniela Cicarelli.

10. Airton Senna /three times champion/ died.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. James had turned two years old when he learned to swim.

2. By the time Jane went to school, her father had already worked there.

3. Ann had lived abroad when she met her husband.

4. Jack and Jill had been married for a long time when they decided to have a baby.

5. My boss had left when his wife called.

6. Many people had died before scientists found the cure for tuberculosis.

7. I had exercised for one hour when the lights went off.

8. My brother had arrived home when it started raining.

9. Ronaldo hadn’t divorced Milene Domingues when he married Daniela Cicarelli.

10. Airton Senna had been three times champion when he died.


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Directions: Complete using the Past Perfect.

Situation: Suzy broke up with Jim last week. He really misses her, so he decided to write

her a letter.

Suzy, I am sorry things did not work out for us. I made a lot of mistakes in the past. If I

________________ (1. study) more, I would have gotten a better job. I know I was not a

good boyfriend. Maybe if I ________________ (2. realize) how much you missed me, I

would have been there with you more often. I would have visited you every weekend if I

______________ (3. know) you wanted to be with me.

Maybe if I ________________ (4. pay) more attention to you, if I ________________

(5. not, go) out so often, if I ________________ (6. see) you every weekend, and if I

________________ (7. show) how much I love you, you would still be with me.

Love,

Jim.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. had studied

2. had realized

3. had known

4. had paid

5. hadn’t gone

6. had seen

7. had shown


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Directions: Complete using the Past Perfect. 1) Before I started studying here I ________ never ________ (study) English before.

2) When Barry arrived, the class ________________ (start) and our teacher

________________ (correct) the homework.

3) Before visiting Paris, I _______never _________ (be) to Europe.

4) When my friends arrived, I ________________ (not - cook) dinner yet.

5) Before I took a Spanish course I ________________ (take) French.

6) She ________________ (not - finish) eating when the waiter took her plate.

7) Harry ________________ (lose) five competitions before he won that competition in

Boston.

8) Before visiting London they _______ never _________ (see) snow.

9) I ________________ (not - eat) frog legs before I traveled to Hawaii.

10) When we arrived, they _______ already _________ (leave).


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ANSWER KEY:

1) had - never

2) had started / had corrected

3) had - been

4) hadn’t cooked

5) had taken

6) hadn’t finished

7) had lost

8) had - seen

9) hadn’t eaten

10) had - left


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Directions: Transform using the Past Perfect. Situation: When I went to China I... eg. visit the Eiffel Tower – had already visited the Eiffel Tower 1. swim with dolphins

2. be to Japan

3. climb 3 different mountains

4. visit Louvre

5. ski in Aspen

6. eat at more than 150 different restaurants

7. hike in 3 different countries


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ANSWER KEY:

1. had swum with dolphins

2. had been to Japan

3. had climbed 3 different mountains

4. had visited Louvre

5. had skied in Aspen

6. had eaten at more than 150 different restaurants

7. had hiked in 3 different countries


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Unit 8 – SIMPLE PAST X PAST PERFECT

Directions: Use the SIMPLE PAST or the PAST PERFECT. In some cases you may use

either one or the other.

1. He (be)_____________a businessman before he (become) ___________ an actor. 2. I (feel) ________________sick after I (eat)_______ a “coxinha” at the bus station. 3. The plane (take off) ______________when I (arrive)__________at the airport. 4. The scientist (leave) ____________the laboratory after he (finish) ___________the

experiment. 5. By the time it (start)____________raining, I (arrive) _____________at school. 6. The play (start, already) _______________when I (get) _____________to the theater. 7. Because I (buy) ______________the ticket in advance, they (not, give)__________my

money back. 8. I (never, see) ________________the Mona Lisa before I (visit) __________The

Louvre. 9. When Princess Diana (die) ______________, she (divorce)_______________from

Prince Charles. 10. But Charles (had) ______________an affair with Camilla before he and Diana

(marry).


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ANSWER KEY:

1. had been or was / became

2. felt / ate or had eaten

3. had taken off/ arrived

4. left/ finished or had finished

5. started/ had arrived

6. had already started/ got

7. had bought/ didn’t give

8. had never seen/ visited

9. died/ had divorced

10. had had/ married


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Directions: Match.

1. When I graduated,

2. I had bought my car

3. By the time he arrived

4. She had already paid

5. When the teacher arrived,

6. When her mother got there,

7. Before their trip to Australia

a) when they told her the second one was free.

b) I had already found a job.

c) they had never seen so many fireworks.

d) the students had finished writing.

e) when he said he was selling his.

f) she had already finished her homework.

g) everybody had left.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. b

2. e

3. g

4. a

5. d

6. f

7. c


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Directions: Complete the text using Simple Past or Past Perfect.

What a day! When I _______ (1. wake) up I _______ (2. notice) my

brother _______ already _______ (3. take) a shower, which was weird because I always get

up before him. When I _______ (4. check) my alarm clock I _______ (5. see) it _______

(6.not – go) off!

So, I _______ (7. put) my clothes on and _______ (8. run) to catch the

school bus, but when I _______ (9. get) to the bus stop a person _______ (10. tell) me the

bus _______already _______ (11. leave)! Then, I _______ (12. have) to walk to school

and when I _______ (13. arrive) here the class _______ (14. start). That’s why I’m late

today.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. woke up

2. noticed

3. had – taken

4. checked

5. saw

6. hadn’t gone

7. put

8. ran

9. got

10. told

11. had – left

12. had

13. arrived

14. had started


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Directions: Complete the sentences using Simple Past or Past Perfect.

1. When I ______ (go) to Italy last year, I ______ already ______ (be) there 4 times.

2. He ______ (call) me many times before we finally ______ (meet).

3. Patrick ______ (study) at two other schools before he ______ (study) there.

4. By the time she ______ (arrive), all the other guests ______ already ______ (leave).

5. When we ______ (get) to the store, all the new cell phones ______ (be) sold.

6. She ______ (climb) 10 other mountains before she ______ (climb) the Everest.

7. I ______ (write) 3 pages when she told I ______ (have) to write everything in Spanish.

8. When he ______ (meet) her, she ______ already ______ (start) dating Fred.

9. By the time my mom ______ (get) home, we ______ (eat) the whole cake.

10. Brian ______ (send) her seven messages when she finally ______ (text) him.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. went / had - been

2. had called - met

3. had studied / studied

4. arrived / had - left

5. got / had been

6. had climbed / climbed

7. had written / had

8. met / had - started

9. got / had eaten

10. had sent / texted


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Directions: Answer the questions.

1. What had you done before you started this exercise?

2. What had you already eaten by the time you had dinner yesterday?

3. When was the last time you had studied before you started studying today?

4. Before your last trip, how many other places had you visited?


54



ANSWER KEY:

Answers may vary.


55


Unit 9 – REPORTED SPEECH

Directions: Change the following sentences into Reported Speech.

1. Jane said, “I will help my brother”.

2. John asked, “Do you have a pen I can borrow?”

3. My teacher asked me, “What are you thinking about?”

4. The child said, “I don’t want to go to school.”

5. My mother said, “I have to go to the supermarket.”

6. Jane asked me, “Would you like to come to my party?”

7. The tour guide asked the tourists, “What did you like best about your trip?”

8. Jennifer called and said, “I’m sorry, but I can’t come to the meeting.”

9. My mother asked my father, “Do you know what the children are doing?”

10. My friend asked me, “Have you ever been to Japan?”


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Jane said she would help her brother.

2. John asked me if I had a pen he could borrow.

3. My teacher asked me what I was thinking about.

4. The child told his mother that he didn’t want to go to school.

5. My mother said that she had to go to the supermarket.

6. Jane asked me if I would like to come to her party.

7. The tour guide asked the tourists what they had liked best about their trip.

8. Jennifer called and said that she was sorry, but she couldn’t come to the meeting.

9. My mother asked my father if he knew what the children were doing.

10. My friend asked me if I had ever been to Japan.


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Directions: Read the following stories and guess the missing words.

Once when I was a child, I went to a party at a friend’s house. Her mother

collected china plates and right after I arrived there she 1. _________ me that she 2.

____________to show me 3._____________new plate. She 4._______________her mother

5. ___________just 6.___________ it. It was beautiful. When my friend’s mother

7._____________the room, I 8.___________ the plate and it slipped from my hands and

smashed on the floor. When she got back, my friend and I 9.____________ that the dog

10._____________ her new plate. She didn’t care and 11. _______________it was not

important. After some years, I 12______________her that I 13. _____________ the plate

and to my surprise she said she 14. _______________when I was talking to my friend .


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ANSWER KEY:

These are some suggestions. If you have doubts talk to your GC teacher or the class teacher.

1. told

2. wanted

3. her mother’s

4. said

5. had

6. bought

7. left

8. took

9. said

10. had broken

11. said

12. told

13. had broken

14. had heard


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Directions: Change the sentences from direct speech to reported speech.

1. “Have you ever been abroad?” She asked ______________________________. 2. “I am going to give a test tomorrow.” The teacher said ___________________. 3. “Do you know where Pirapora is?” I asked James _______________________. 4. “I want to go home.” She told her husband _____________________________. 5. “Dr. Jenkins is coming to the meeting.” The secretary said _________________. 6. “Is there a bank near here?” Jane asked ________________________________. 7. “I did a very nice test.” The student said ________________________________. 8. “What are you doing here?” Jake asked ________________________________. 9. “Can you speak Italian?” Jeff asked ___________________________________. 10. “Where can I buy a bike?” My brother asked ____________________________.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. me if I had ever been abroad.

2. she was going to give a test the following day.

3. if he knew where Pirapora was.

4. she wanted to go home.

5. Dr. Jenkins was coming to the meeting.

6. if there was a bank near there.

7. he had done a very nice test.

8. me what I was doing there.

9. me if I could speak Italian.

10. me where he could buy a bike.


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Directions: Change the sentences from reported speech to direct speech.

Situation: Melanie is telling me about a party.

1. She told me she was really happy.

2. She told me she had never seen such a great party.

3. She told me she had bought her dress at Macy’s.

4. She told me she would stay there until the party was over.

5. She told me Sarah could dance pretty well.

6. She told me she knew more people would arrive later.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. I am really happy.

2. I have never seen such a great party.

3. I bought my dress at Macy’s.

4. I will stay here until the party is over.

5. Sarah can dance pretty well.

6. I know more people will arrive later.


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Directions: Change the sentences from direct speech to reported speech.

eg.: Mary said, “I think I will travel soon.” Mary said she thought she would travel soon.

1. “I go to the gym every day”, Ted said.

2. The teacher announced, “I will give you 5 extra points”.

3. “Kelly has already been here today”, Mandy said.

4. “I will go wherever I have to go”, promised Charlie.

5. Jenny said, “I can sing well”.

6. “The play was amazing”, said my sister.

7. “I will love Tina forever”, John said.

8. Liza and John said, “We have been to Italy”.

9. Peter said, “Tiffany spent two days in Rio”.

10. “Greg can use my cell phone”, said Bart.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Ted said he went to the gym every day.

2. The teacher announced she/he would give me 5 extra points.

3. Mandy said Kelly had already been there that day.

4. Charlie promised he would go wherever he had to go.

5. Jenny said she could sing well.

6. My sister said the play had been amazing.

7. John said he would love Tina forever.

8. Liza and John said they had been to Italy.

9. Peter said Tiffany had spent two days in Rio.

10. Barb said Greg could use his cell phone.


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Unit 9 – REPORTED QUESTIONS

Directions: Change the questions from reported speech to direct speech.

1. They asked us if we wanted to go with them.

2. My mother asked what I had been doing.

4. Jenny asked if I was listening to music.

5. I asked my father if he would pick me up from school.

6. She asked me if I had read the whole book.

7. They asked what I had eaten for dinner.

8. Timothy asked where I studied.

9. I asked them where they had been.

10. We asked them when they had arrived.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Do you want to go with us?

2. What have you been doing?

4. Are you listening to music?

5. Will/ Would you pick me up from school?

6. Have you read the whole book?

7. What have you eaten for dinner?

8. Where did you study?

9. Where have you been?

10. When did you arrive?


67



Directions: Change the questions from reported speech to direct speech.

Situation: The reporter is interviewing a musician.

The reported asked…

1. if he was dating anybody.

2. what he would do after the concert.

3. when the new CD would be released.

4. if he had been writing new songs.

5. if he could sing one of his songs.

6. where he had bought his clothes.

7. why he looked so tired.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. if he was dating anybody.

2. what he would do after the concert.

3. when the new CD would be released.

4. if he had been writing new songs.

5. if he could sing one of his songs.

6. where he had bought his clothes.

7. why he looked so tired.


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Directions: Change the questions from direct speech to reported speech.

1. What are you eating? She asked me ____________________________________________. 2. Did you go to the party? She asked me ____________________________________________. 3. Have you seen Tony? She asked me ____________________________________________. 4. Do you go to the club every day? She asked me ____________________________________________. 5. What will you do if it rains? She asked me ____________________________________________. 6. Did you have a good time? She asked me ____________________________________________. 7. When are you going to travel? She asked me ____________________________________________. 8. What did you do after class? She asked me ____________________________________________. 9. Why does she get up so early? She asked me ____________________________________________. 10. Can you help me with my homework? She asked me ____________________________________________.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. She asked me what I had been eating.

2. She asked me if I had gone to the party.

3. She asked me if I had seen Tony.

4. She asked me if I went to the club every day.

5. She asked me what I would do if it rained.

6. She asked me if I had had a good time.

7. She asked me when I was going to travel.

8. She asked me what I had done after class.

9. She asked me she got up so early.

10. She asked me if I could help her with her homework.


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My friend asked: 1. Will you come with me?

_____________________________________________________________

2. Are you all right? _____________________________________________________________

3. Did you sleep well? _____________________________________________________________

4. When you take piano lessons? _____________________________________________________________

5. What time do you usually have dinner? _____________________________________________________________

6. Where have you been? _____________________________________________________________

7. Have you seen the news? _____________________________________________________________

8. Have you finished your homework? _____________________________________________________________

9. Why are you so sad? _____________________________________________________________

10. Who can help me to write this? _____________________________________________________________


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ANSWER KEY:

1. My friend asked if I would come with her.

2. My friend asked if I were all right.

3. My friend asked if I had slept well.

4. My friend asked when I took piano lessons.

5. My friend asked what time I usually had dinner.

6. My friend asked where I had been.

7. My friend asked if I had seen the news.

8. My friend asked if I had finished my homework.

9. My friend asked why I was sad.

10. My friend asked if I could help her/ him to write that.


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My father asked: 1. Did you turn off the TV?

_____________________________________________________________

2. When will you take a shower? _____________________________________________________________

3. Can you help me cook dinner? _____________________________________________________________

4. Have you studied? _____________________________________________________________

5. Why haven’t you done your homework? _____________________________________________________________

6. Do you know how much it costs? _____________________________________________________________

7. What time will you come home? _____________________________________________________________


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ANSWER KEY:

1. My father asked me if I had turned off the TV.

2. My father asked me when I would take a shower.

3. My father asked me if I could help him cook dinner.

4. My father asked me if I had studied.

5. My father asked me why I hadn’t done my homework.

6. My father asked me if I knew how much that cost.

7. My father asked me what time I would go home.


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Unit 10 - REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Situation: Sam and Tim are studying “Reflexive Pronouns”. Help them find the correct

emphasizing pronoun.

Directions: Use reflexive pronouns to fill in the blanks.

1. My friend does his homework all by __________.

2. I saw him do it __________.

3. Mary made all her dresses __________.

4. You kids must clean your room by __________.

5. Mary, can you prepare lunch by __________?

6. This machine works by __________.

7. Yesterday we prepared dinner by __________.

8. I burned __________ with the fireworks.

9. My friends enjoyed __________ at the party.

10. Does this girl know how to dress __________?


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ANSWER KEY:

1. himself 6. itself

2. himself 7. ourselves

3. herself 8. myself

4. yourselves 9. themselves

5. yourself 10. herself


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Directions: Put a reflexive pronoun in each of the following blanks.

1. I cut ________ while I was shaving.

2. Helen looked at ________ in the mirror.

3. My sisters looked at __________ in the bathroom mirror.

4. He taught __________ to play the guitar.

5. The dog tried to bite me, but bit _______ by mistake.

6. My neighbor talks to ________ when he is angry.

7. We lost __________ in the woods while hiking.

8. Children, if you would like some cake, help __________.

9. Those kids helped __________ to have the cake.

10. Tom, help __________ to some coke.


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Directions: Put a reflexive pronoun in each of the following blanks.

ANSWER KEY:

1. myself 6. himself

2. herself 7. ourselves

3. themselves 8. yourselves

4. himself 9. themselves

5. itself 10. yourself


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Directions: Complete the following exercise with reflexive pronouns:

1. Be careful with that can opener. My son hurt ____________ with it. 2. If Mark and Jane go to Japan, they will enjoy _____________. 3. I looked at _____________in the mirror and saw some pimples. 4. She injured _____________surfing this morning. 5. Getulio Vargas was the president who killed ____________. 6. My mother burned ____________when she was cooking. 7. I made this cake ___________. Believe it or not. 8. Sue and John are very selfish. They only think about ____________. 9. We bought ___________a beautiful beach house . 10. Boys and girls, help ______________. The food and drink are right there.


80



ANSWER KEY:

1. himself

2. themselves

3. myself

4. herself

5. himself

6. herself

7. myself

8. themselves

9. ourselves

10. yourselves


81



Directions: Rewrite the sentences using a reflexive pronoun:

Eg.: I bought a sweater for me.

I bought myself a sweater.

1. Jane hurt her foot this morning.

2. My children made a cake without help.

3. My mother makes her clothes alone.

4. I cooked dinner alone.

5. Jim works for his own company.

6. It is dangerous to go out alone.

7. Jim and Jill bought a car for both of them to use.

8. I studied math without help.

9. My friend Joanne enjoys living alone.

10. I delivered flowers alone.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Jane hurt herself this morning

2. My children made a cake themselves.

3. My mother herself makes her clothes

4. I cooked dinner myself.

5. Jim works by himself.

6. It is dangerous to go out by yourself.

7. Jim and Jill bought themselves a car.

8. I studied math by myself.

9. My friend Joanne enjoys living by herself.

10. I myself delivered the flowers.


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Directions: Complete the sentences using a reflexive pronoun:

1. We climbed by _______________.

2. My father cooked everything _______________.

3. Patty accidentally cut _______________ .

4. Tom and Greg organized the party _______________.

5. My sister taught _______________ how to speak Spanish.

6. I am very proud of _______________ for getting such good grades.

7. They say God helps people who help _______________.

8. My grandfather often talks to _______________.

9. I wrote the text _______________.

10. You can do it _______________.


84



ANSWER KEY:

1. ourselves

2. himself

3. herself

4. themselves

5. herself

6. myself

7. themselves

8. himself

9. myself

10. yourself


85


Unit 10 – CAUSATIVE WITH HAVE OR GET

Directions: Create sentences using the causative form with have or get. Eg.: I fixed my car last week. (have)

I had my car fixed last week.

1. He painted his house. (get)

2. I repaired my computer yesterday. (have)

3. We washed the clothes. (have)

4. I cleaned the floor two days ago. (get)

5. I cut my hair. (get)

6. We fixed the roof. (have)

7. I tidied the office. (have)

8. I tested my eyes. (get)


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ANSWER KEY:

1. He got his house painted.

2. I had my computer repaired yesterday.

3. We had our clothes washed.

4. I got the floor cleaned two days ago.

5. I got my hair cut.

6. We had the roof fixed.

7. I had the office tidied.

8. I got my eyes tested.


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Directions: Match.

1. check my eyes

2. change the tires

3. cut my hair

4. clean my shirt

5. paint the wall

6. bake a cake

7. repair the computer

a. have the wall painted

b. get a cake baked

c. get the tires changed

d. have the computer repaired

e. have my eyes checked

f. get my shirt cleaned

g. get my hair cut


88



ANSWER KEY:

1. e

2. c

3. g

4. f

5. a

6. b

7. d


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Directions: Create causative sentences using the verbs in parenthesis.

1. I’m going to wash my car. (GET)

2. I have cut my hair. (HAVE)

3. I fixed the computer. (HAVE)

4. I installed new software in my computer. (GET)

5. I will clean the window. (HAVE)

6. I can organize everything. (GET)

7. I ironed all my clothes. (GET)

8. I sent all the packages back. (HAVE)


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ANSWER KEY:

1. I’m going to get my car washed.

2. I have had my hair cut.

3. I had the computer fixed.

4. I got new software installed in my computer.

5. I will have the window cleaned.

6. I can get everything organized.

7. I got all my clothes ironed.

8. I had all the packages sent back.


91



Directions: Create causative sentences about what Maria got done last week and what she

will get done next week.

LAST WEEK NEXT WEEK

cut / hair 5. take out / tooth

1. fix / car 6. vaccinate / cat

2. clean / house 7. redecorate / bedroom

3. paint / living room 8. iron clothes

4. wash / car

e.g. Maria got / had her hair cut last week.


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ANSWER KEY:

1. Maria got / had her car fixed.

2. Maria got / had her house cleaned.

3. Maria got / had her living room painted.

4. Maria got / had her car washed.

5. Maria will get / have her tooth taken out.

6. Maria will get / have her cat vaccinated.

7. Maria will get / have her bedroom redecorated.

8. Maria will get / have her clothes ironed.


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Directions: Create causative sentences using the verbs in the Simple Past.

1. print / the photo (GET) They ________________________________________________. 2. repair / roof (HAVE) My uncle ________________________________________________. 3. clean / swimming pool (HAVE) We ________________________________________________. 4. write / the reports (GET) Our boss ________________________________________________. 5. send / the documents (GET) My mother ________________________________________________. 6. wash / hair (HAVE) Jane ________________________________________________. 7. water / the plants (HAVE) Tom and Martin ________________________________________________. 8. test / his eyes (GET) Greg ________________________________________________. 9. fix / the TV (GET) My grandmother ________________________________________________. 10. decorate / the house (HAVE) We ________________________________________________. 11. type / the letter (GET) Tina ________________________________________________.


94

12. polish / the silver (HAVE) She ________________________________________________. 13. tidy / her bedroom (HAVE) Barb ________________________________________________. 14. dye / his hair (GET) He ________________________________________________.


95



ANSWER KEY:

1. They got the photo printed.

2. My uncle had the roof repaired.

3. We had the swimming pool cleaned.

4. Our boss got the reports written.

5. My mother got the documents sent.

6. Jane had her hair washed.

7. Tom and Martin had the plants watered.

8. Greg got his eyes tested.

9. My grandmother got the TV fixed.

10. We had the house decorated.

11. Tina got the letter typed.

12. She had the silver polished.

13. Barb had her bedroom tidied.

14. He got his hair dyed.