Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211125/03/2010
GPS Interference Detection & Mitigation
Charles Curry, B.Eng, FIET
MD – Chronos Technology Ltd
GAARDIANGNSSAVAILABILITYACCURACYRELIABILITY
anDINTEGRITYASSESSMENT
for TIMING andNAVIGATION
A Technology Strategy Board funded collaboration
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211225/03/2010
The GAARDIAN Project - GPS Interference Detection & Mitigation
GNSS Availability, Accuracy, Reliability anD Integrity Assessment for Timing and Navigation
Research Data Gathering necessary to create a GPS Interference Detection & Mitigation (IDM) network
At point of use, 24x7x365for mission & safety critical applicationsWhich use GPS (or GNSS) signalsLeveraging eLoran signals for QoS determination
UK Government Funded R&D Project (>£2m)through Technology Strategy Board
GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite Systems – e.g. GPS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass, QZSS
QoS – Quality of Service
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211325/03/2010
USCG – US Coast Guard
NANU – Notice Advisory to Navstar Users
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211425/03/2010
Background & MotivationChronos had experienced GPS anomalies - 2005
InterferenceMultipath
Started talking to Academia - 2006University of Bath (UoB)
Started watching UK eLoran renewal project - 2006General Lighthouse Authorities (GLA)
Started a group of like minded organisationsGLA, UoB, NPL, BT
Identified a Technology Strategy Board Grant programmeCreated the GAARDIAN consortiumBid 2007, Awarded Q3 2008Commenced Q4 2008
NPL – National Physical Laboratory
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211525/03/2010
Multipath DetectionTime Interval Error (TIE) very sensitive to multipath events
All Data - Test Friday 11th Aug
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
9403
694
834
9563
110
0429
1012
2710
2025
1028
2210
3620
1044
1710
5216
1100
1311
0811
1116
0811
2406
1132
0411
4002
1147
5911
5556
1203
5412
1152
1219
5012
2747
1235
4512
4342
1251
4112
5938
1307
3613
1533
1323
3113
3129
1339
2713
4724
1355
2214
0319
1411
1814
1915
1427
1314
3510
1443
0814
5106
1459
04
UTC Time = BST - 1 Hour
TIE Satellites in track GGA HDOP GSA VDOP Timing Acc POLYP VDOP POLYP PDOP
Re-Rad turned off
Re-rad turned back
on
Moved antenna from a direct line with re-rad to
closer to window so there was a clear multi-
path view
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211625/03/2010
The GAARDIAN - PartnersGLA – General Lighthouse Authorities
User Community - MaritimeeLoran
Imperial College London - Dept of Civil EngUser Community - TransportIntegrity Monitoring Algorithms
University of Bath - Dept of Electrical & ElectronicsGPS & Space Weather
BT – Adastral Research LaboratoriesUser Community – Telecoms
Ordnance SurveyUser Community – Land Geolocation
NPL – National Physical LaboratoryTime, UTC Traceability
Chronos Technology LtdReal time Timing measurement to ns granularityGPS products, components & system integrationGAARDIAN Project Leader
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211725/03/2010
Real Time GNSS & eLoran Integrity Monitoring at Point of Use
GAARDIAN – is aimed at Mission/Safety Critical UsersA mission or safety-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in:
Death or serious injury to people, or Loss or severe damage to equipment, or Environmental harm
GAARDIAN – The Challenges!Manage vast amounts of data from within PNT enginesIn real timeReport unambiguous integrity, accuracy, continuity, reliabilityObserving many different parametersIn all environments and service denial situations
PNT – Positioning, Navigation & Timing
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211825/03/2010
GAARDIAN – How will PNT Systems be affected?
Different systems will exhibit different vulnerabilitiesSome systems may be unaffected
Different user groups will be susceptible to different vulnerabilities
Some industries do build in mitigationVulnerabilities will be evident at different times
Environmental impact – weather, space weatherSatellite visibilityLocal infrastructureUser movement
Problems will not be systematic or deterministic
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 862211925/03/2010
GAARDIAN – Mission & Safety Critical UsersEmergency ServicesMilitaryHomeland SecurityTransport – Marine, Road, Rail, AirGovernmentCommunications NetworksPower UtilitiesContainer TerminalsAsset Tracking…………
GPS silicon now costs €3!So new products proliferating!
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111025/03/2010
GAARDIAN – DeliverablesDevelop 24x7 web enabled IDM sensors
IDM – Interference, Detection & MitigationWhich can be deployed as networks
Locally deployed networks of IDM sensors in the vicinity of the userGAARDIAN will deploy trial sensors to analyse dataReduce data at source without losing “content”Heartbeats and “Event” communication back to ServerStore for user viewing over internet
Enable Real-Time GPS, Galileo, Glonass or eLoran (PNT) monitoringFor Mission/Safety critical users at point of use
GAARDIAN Server
Users
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111125/03/2010
eLoranGPRSLANWAN
TIEComparison
GPS
Linux PCEmbeddedAlgorithms
GAARDIAN – IDM SensorIDM Sensors based on Chronos SyncWatch probes
Watching GPS & eLoran SignalsTime Interval Error (TIE) Monitoring between PNT signals from BTEmbedded Linux to process TIE and PNT data
Algorithms from CTL, GLA, ICL and UoBEvent severity and manageability discriminationAdaptive thresholds
Communications to Server via GPRS, LAN or WAN24x7 warning of events
Rb
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111225/03/2010
GAARDIAN – What we will monitor?
GPSNavigation MessageSignal to NoiseCarrier to NoiseDoppler FrequencyCarrier PhasePseudorangeTotal Electron Count1pps
eLoranTime of ArrivalSignal to NoiseEnvelope to Cycle DifferenceAdditional Secondary Factors1pps
3rd Party DataUSCG NANUDifferential GPS DataDifferential Loran Data
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111325/03/2010
PNT Vulnerabilities – What are the Causes?IDM Sensors will assess the following……
InterferenceScintillationMultipathJammingSpoofing Space WeatherWeather (eLoran)Additional Secondary Factors (ASF) (eLoran)Renewal & Upgrade Events
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111425/03/2010
Interference
Photo courtesy of BT
GSM / 3GMobile
MicrowaveLinks
EquipmentCabins
Paging
EngineRoom
GPS
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111525/03/2010
MultipathSignal reaches receiver using different routes“Reflected” route longer GPS Receiver reports wrong location or speed
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111625/03/2010
JammingDeliberate & Accidental
Terrorists, ThievesMilitary, Homeland SecurityDesigns on the webCommercially available!
San Diego IncidentNo GPS in San Diego for 2 hours!http://forums.groundspeak.com/GC/index.php?showtopic=160821http://mg.gpsworld.com/gpsmg/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=418420#H2
Try Google & You-Tube!
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111725/03/2010
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111825/03/2010
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622111925/03/2010
Space Weather
Solar FlaresIonising radiation hits EarthCauses Aurora BorealisIonospheric disturbances disrupt GPS signalsReport incorrect location
or even loss of lock
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622112025/03/2010
Solar CycleCurrently in Solar Minimum11 Year cyclesHave not experienced major solar maximum since GPS has become an everyday utilitywww.spaceweather.comNext Solar Maximum – May 2013!
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622112125/03/2010
PNT Renewal & Maintenance ProgramsInterference from L5 Transponder on SV49
Caused SV49 to appear 150m too low!Delays in renewal program
Probability of maintaining 24 satellites will fall below 95% -2010 - 2015May fall as low as 80%
LORAN station outageseLORAN station renewal program
Depending on strategic reviewPolitics!!
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622112225/03/2010
Interference Detection & Mitigation24x7 Real-Time Detection enables appropriate Mitigation
TimelyProportionate
Lie Back and Enjoy!Get the FCC on the case!Is it Red Team or Blue Team?
Test & compare different GNSS receivers with different mitigation capabilityTest & compare different Loran receivers Assess accuracy of differential corrections at point of use
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622112325/03/2010
GAARDIAN ProjectWe are moving GPS IDM activity from scientific research into everyday use
Evolving high cost complex scientific analytical systems to low cost industrial/commercial products
Realise an easily deployable network of sensorsIn vicinity of mission safety critical applicatione.g. Airports, Road Systems, DocksAnywhere where GPS is leveraged into critical infrastructure
IDM sensors will filter data and report anomalies to central serverServer alerts users when there is an anomalyUsers access data from server via Internet from any location
See the concept in action on www.syncwatch.com for the telecom industryMonitoring recent Loran outages in Europe – 28th Sept to 9th Oct
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622112425/03/2010
Chronos Technology Ltd, Stowfield House, Upper Stowfield, Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, GL17 9PD
www.chronos.co.uk T: +44 (0) 1594 862200, F: +44 (0) 1594 8622112525/03/2010
For Further Information contact:-
or any of the partners
or visitwww.gps-world.biz/gaardian/index.php
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