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Glossary Sains
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
VOCABULARY
1 Mould kulat
2 Quarantine Diasingkan
3 Biodegradation Biodegradasi / boleh diuraikan
4 Compost Kompos
5 Contagious Berjangkit
6 Humus Humus
7 Fair test jian sah
! Intraspeciescompetiton
"ersaingan antara spesis
# Extinction Kepupusan
1$ Shortage Kekurangan
11 Consumer "engguna
12 Food chain %antai makanan
13 Producer "engeluar
14 Represented Di&akili
15 Food web 'iratan makanan
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THERMINOLOGY
1 Biodegradation (he pro)ess &here a substan)e )an be )hanged ba)k to aharmless natural state b* the rea)tion o+ ba)teria and&ill not damage the en,ironment
2 Compost - mi.ture o+ de)a*ed plants +ood that )an be added tosoil to help plants gro&
3 Contagious Diseases that )an be spread easil* +rom one person toanother
4 Humus - substan)e made +rom dead lea,es and plants added tothe soil to help plants gro&
5 Microscopic 0.tremel* small and di++i)ult or impossible to see&ithout a mi)ros)ope
6 Mould - t*pe o+ +ungi that gro& on bread ri)e and +ruits
7 Quarantine solated +rom other people
! Endangered (hreaten
# Extinct o longer e.ist
1$ Fair test anipulating one ,ariable at a time
11 Intraspeciescompetition
ompetition among the same spe)ies
12 Surial (he state o+ )ontinuing to li,e or e.ist
13 Food chain 'ho&s the +ood relationship among plants and animals
14 Food web onsists o+ +ood )hains that are linked together
15 Primar! consumer irst animal in the +ood )hain
16 Producers "lants the* make their o&n +ood
17 Secondar! consumer 'e)ond animal in the +ood )hain
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
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Glossary Sains
VOCABULARY
1 Bonding katan
2 Captured Dipernagkap
3 Curiosit! aluri ingin tahu
4 Exploitation 0ksploitasi penggunaan
5 Forces Da*a
6 Harness eman+aatkan
7 Imagination maginasi
! Installed Dipasang
# "aundr! Dobi
1$ Re#iner! "enapis
11 Substance Bahan
12 $urbines (urbin
13 ltimate tama asas
14 %ppliances "eralatan
15 Catapult astik
16 Constant (etap
17 Powered Digerakkan
1! Stretch (arik regang
1# $rans#ormed Diubah
2$ %dminister (adbir
21 &istribute engagihkan
22 Elicit en)ungkil
23 "and#ills (apak pelupusan
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Glossary Sains
24 match 'epadan
25 'dourless (idak berbau
26 Readil! aailable udah diperolehi
27 Renewable Diperbaharui
2! Replenished Diganti semula
2# Residues Hasil buangan
3$ Shu##le Ko)ok men*elerakkan
31 $erm stilah
32 (astage "emba8iran
33 (isel! 'e)ara bijaksana
34 %ppreciable 9elas ketara
35 %rra!s embariskan susunan
36 Conenient udah digunakan
37 Fraction 'egelintir pe)ahan
3! %rrangements 'usunan
3# Interrupt emotong men)elah
4$ Pathwa!s 9alan ke)il lorong
41 Receier "enerima
42 Represent e&akili
43 )arious -neka pelbagai
44 &eices "eranti alat
45 Extensie ebar
46 Indicate enandakan menunjukkan
47 "ethal emba&a maut
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Glossary Sains
4! Muscles :tot urat
4# *ere 'ara+
5$ Resistance "enentangan
51 Beam -lur )aha*a
52 "ight source 'umber )aha*a
53 "uminous Berkilau
54 'pa+ue egap
55 *on luminous (idak berkilau
56 Penumbra "enumbra
57 Phenomenon enomena/ kejadian
5! Shadow Ba*ang;ba*ang
5# Straight line
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Glossary Sains
72 &r!ing clothes enjemur pakaian
73 Food industr! ndustri pembuatan makanan
74 Heat Haba
75 Indicator "etunjuk
76 "aunderette industr! ndustri pen)u)ian pakaian
77 Manu#acturingindustr!
ndustri pembuatan
7! Concrete slabs Kepingan konkrit
7# Contract enge)ut
!$ &ent Kemek
!1 Expand engembang
!2 Mercur! %aksa
!3 Paement aluan pejalan kaki
!4 Railwa! trac- andasan keretapi
!5 Snap "utus
!6 Solidi#ies embeku
!7 Steam pipe "aip air panas
!! Mercur! %aksa merkuri
!# Phenomenon enemena kejadian
#$ $emperature 'uhu
#1 $hermometer (hermometer
#2 (eather #orecaster "en*ampai ramalan kaji )ua)a
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Glossary Sains
THERMINOLOGY
1 %ppliances - home de,i)e or e>uipment &hi)h per+orms a )ertaintask or +un)tion
2 %tmospheric pressure (he +or)e per unit area e.erted against a sur+a)e b* the
&eight o+ the air mole)ules abo,e the sur+a)e
3 Chemical energ! 0nerg* +rom the )hemi)als present in things su)h abatteries +ood or +uels
4 &ecomposing (o break do&n or break up into parts as in rotting
5 Electrical energ! 0nerg* obtained +rom sour)es su)h as batteriesd*namos and a))umulators
6 Heat energ! 0nerg* that )auses a )hange in temperature or a )hangein state
7 H!droelectric power 0le)tri)it* produ)ed b* using +lo&ing &ater +rom a damto turn a turbine
! .inetic energ! 0nerg* present in a mo,ing obje)t
# "ight energ! 0nerg* produ)ed b* light
1$ Metabolism -ll o+ the energeti) rea)tions that take pla)e ia a )ell ororganism
11 *on/renewableenerg! 0nerg* that )annot be replenished &hen used up
12 Photos!nthesis - pro)ess in &hi)h plants algae and some ba)teriaharness light +rom the 'un to produ)e +ood
13 Potential energ! 0nerg* in obje)t due to its position or height
14 Renewable energ! 0nerg* that )an be replenished &hen used up
15 Respiration (he pro)ess o+ inhaling o.*gen and e.haling )arbondio.ide and &ater
16 Solar energ! 0nerg* +rom the 'un
17 Sound energ! 0nerg* )aused b* ,ibrations
1! $urbine - &heel &ith blades that are rotated b* a +lo& air or&ater
1# %ccumulator - de,i)e &hi)h )an generate ele)tri) )urrent
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Glossary Sains
2$ Circuit diagram - diagram that represents the )ir)uit
21 Current %ate o+ ele)tri) )harges that +lo& +rom one another inan ele)tri) )ir)uit
22 &!namo - de,i)e that )hanges energ* +rom the mo,ement o+
&ind or &ater into ele)tri)it*
23 &r! cell - de,i)e &hi)h )an generate ele)tri) )urrent
24 Electric shoc- - sudden response o+ the bod* &hen ele)tri)it* passes orenters the bod*
25 Electrocution - sudden death )aused b* ele)tri)it*
26 H!droelectric power sing the po&er o+ &ater to produ)e ele)tri)it*
27 Parallel circuit -n ele)tri) )ir)uit in &hi)h the )omponents are)onne)ted separatel*
2! Series circuit -n ele)tri) )ir)uit in &hi)h the ele)tri)al sour)e andother )omponents are )onne)ted one a+ter another
2# Solar cell sing the 'un?s energ* to turn into ele)tri)it*
3$ Beam - +e& lines o+ light ra*s that go out +rom a light sour)e
31 Image - pi)ture that looks ,er* similar to something
32 "ight ra! - small beam o+ light that goes out +rom a light sour)e
33 "ight sourcr 'omething that produ)es or emit light
34 'pa+ue Does not allo& light to pass through
35 Re#lection Does not pass through but boun)es ba)k
36 Shadow - dark image +ormed &hen light is blo)ked b* an opa>ueor translu)ent obje)t
37 $ranslucent -llo&s a small amount o+ light to pass through
3! Contract Be)omes smaller/ de)rease in si8e
3# Expand Be)omes bigger / in)reases in si8e
4$ Heat - +orm energ* &hi)h makes things hot
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Glossary Sains
41 Sag - line or string that hangs or bends do&n in the middleeither be)ause o+ &eight or length
42 $emperature - measure o+ ho& hot or )old a substan)e is
43 $hermometer -n instrument used +or measuring temperature
ADDITIONAL NOTES
ENERGYis the abilit* to do &ork@ (he energ* that &e use )an e.ist in di++erent +orms@
.I*E$IC E*ER01 s related to motion o+ &a,es ele)trons atoms mole)ulessubstan)es and obje)ts
E"EC$RIC%" E*ER01 s the mo,ement o+ ele)tri) )harges@ 0le)tri) )harges thatmo,e through a &ire is )alled ele)tri)it*@ ightning isanother e.ample o+ ele)tri)al energ*
$HERM%" E*ER01 s the internal energ* in substan)es due to the ,ibration andmo,ement o+ the atoms and mole)ules &ithin substan)es@
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Glossary Sains
+ission that releases energ*
0R%)I$I'*%" E*ER01 s the energ* o+ position or pla)e@ - ro)k at the top o+ a hill)ontains gra,itational potential energ*@ H*dropo&er su)has &ater in a reser,oir behind a dam is an e.ample o+gra,itational potential energ*
Transformation of energyal&a*s +ollo& the a& o+ onser,ation o+ 0nerg* &hi)hstates that
Energ! cannot be created or destro!ed
Energ! can be changed #rom one #orm to another
(hen energ! changes its #orm2 the total amount o# energ! isconstant3
Examples of the transformation of energy found around us :
C%R
(he )hemi)al energ* stored in petrol is )on,erted into heatin a )ar engine@ (his heat energ* is used to mo,e theme)hani)al parts o+ the )ar so it )an mo,e@ (hus )hemi)alenerg* is )on,erted into kineti) energ*
F%*
0le)tri)al energ* is trans+ormed into kineti) energ* to turn
the blades o+ the +an
F"%SH"I0H$
'tored energ* in a +lashlight?s batter* be)omes light energ*&hen the +lashlight is turned on
IR'*
0le)tri)al energ* is used to heat a )oil and trans+orms into
heat energ*
R%&I'
0le)tri)al energ* is trans+ormed into sound energ* throughthe speakers
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hemi)al energ* heat energ* kineti) energ*
hemi)al energ* kineti) energ*
hemi)al energ* light energ*
0le)tri)al energ* heat energ*
0le)tri)al energ* sound energ*
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Glossary Sains
$E"EPH'*E
Ahen *ou talk on the phone *our ,oi)e is trans+ormed intoele)tri)al energ* &hi)h passes o,er &ires@ (he phone on theother end )hanges the ele)tri)al energ* into sound through
the speaker
$E"E)ISI'*
- tele,ision )hanges ele)tri)al energ* into light and soundenerg*
$'%S$ER
- toaster )hanges ele)tri)al energ* into heat and lightenerg*
INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
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0le)tri)al energ* sound energ*
0le)tri)al energ* light energ* C sound energ*
0le)tri)al energ* heat energ* C light energ*
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Glossary Sains
25 Properties 'i+at
26 Sour asam
27 Strong acid -sid kuat
2! (ea- acid -sid lemah
THERMINOLOGY
1 Condensation (he pro)ess &hen gas )hanges to li>uid
2 Eaporation (he pro)ess &hen li>uid )hanges to gas
3 Free4ing (he pro)ess &hen li>uid )hanges to solid
4 Ion -n atom that )arries an ele)tri)al )harge
5 Melting (he pro)ess &hen solid )hanges to li>uid
6 (ater c!cle ontinuous mo,ement o+ &ater +rom the 0arth?s sur+a)einto the air and ba)k to the 0arth?s sur+a)e again
7 %cidic (he )hara)teristi)s o+ a substan)es that tastes sour and)hanges the )olour o+ blue litmus paper to red
! %l-aline (he )hara)teristi)s o+ a substan)e that tastes bitter and)hanges the )olour o+ red litmus paper to blue
# Bitter (he taste o+ substan)e that are alkaline
1$ "itmus paper - t*pe o+ paper used to test &hether a substan)e isa)idi) or alkaline
11 *eutral (he )hara)teristi)s o+ a substan)e that does not )hangethe )olour o+ litmus papers neither a)idi) nor alkaline
12 Properties hara)teristi)s o+ substan)es +or e.ample a)idi)alkaline or neutral
13 Sour (he taste o+ substan)e that are a)idi)
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
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Glossary Sains
VOCABULARY
1 Big &ipper Buruj Biduk
2 Brilliant (erang
3 Canister Bekas
4 Constellations Buruj
5 'rion Buruj Belantik
6 Po-e (ebuk
7 Re#erred to Dirujuk sebagai
! Resemble en*erupai
# Scorpion Buruj 'korpio
1$ Southern Cross Buruj "ari
11 )isible Kelihatan
12 Imaginar! Ba*angan
13 %xis "aksi
14 Countercloc-wise -rah la&an jam
15 Simulation 'imulasi
16 Illuminated Diterangi
17 Reolution Berputar mengelilingi
1! Phases asa
1# Illuminated Diterangi
2$ Reolution Berputar mengelilingi
THERMINOLOGY
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Glossary Sains
1 Big &ipper - group o+ se,en bright stars that +orms a bo&l andhandle
2 Constellations - group o+ stars +orms a )ertain pattern in the sk*
3 'rion - group o+ stars that +orms a pattern o+ a hunter
4 Pattern - regular or re)ogni8able +orm ir order in &hi)h a serieso+ things o))ur
5 Scorpion - group o+ stars that +orm a pattern o+ a s)orpion
6 Southern Cross - group o+ +our stars that +orms a pattern o+ a )ross
7 Emit (o gi,e o++ light
! Illuminate (o shine light on something
# 'ccurrence -n in)ident or e,ent that is happening or taking pla)e
1$ Phase a stage o+ period o+ a )*)le
11 Rotate (o mo,e in a )ir)le round an a.is or a )entre
ADDITIONAL NOTES
PHASES O THE MOON is the re,olution o+ the oon around the 0arth makes the oonseems to )hange its shape in the night sk*@ (his is )aused b* the di++erent angles &e
see +rom the bright part o+ the oon?s sur+a)e )alled phases?@ (he oon goes through+our major shapes during )*)le that repeats itsel+ e,er* 2! da*s@ (hese phases +ollo&
the se>uen)e o+ their o))urren)e@
*E( M''*
"art o+ the oon &hi)h is not illuminated +a)es the 0arth@T!e Moon is not "isi#$e@ (he lighted side o+ the oon +a)esa&a* +rom the 0arth@ (his means that the 'un the 0arthand the oon are almost in a straight line &ith the oon inbet&een the 'un and the 0arth@
CRESCE*$ M''*
(he moon is less than hal+ illuminated b* the 'un@ the+ra)tion o+ the oon?s dis) that is illuminated in)reases@(his oon )an be seen a+ter the ne& oon but be+ore the+irst >uarter oon@ (he )res)ent &ill gro& larger and largere,er*da* until it looks like the +irst >uarter oon@
H%"F M''*
Hal+ o+ the illuminated side o+ the oon is ,isible@ (he+ra)tion o+ the oon?s dis) that is illuminated in)reases@ (heright hal+ o+ the oon appears lighted and the le+t side o+
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Glossary Sains
the oon appears dark@ During the time bet&een the ne&oon and the +irst >uarter oon the part o+ the oon thatappears lighted gets larger and larger e,er*da* and)ontinues to gro& until it rea)hes the +ull oon@
F,"" M''*
(he oon?s illuminated side is ,isible@ (he lighted side o+
the oon +a)es the 0arth@ (his means that the 0arth the'un and the oon are nearl* in a straight line &ith the0arth in the middle@ (he oon that &e see is ,er* brightbe)ause it re+le)ts sunlight@
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
VOCABULARY
1 &esign %eka bentuk
2 Identi#! Kenal pasti
3 )arieties "elbagai
4 Balance Keseimbangan
5 Combination
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Glossary Sains
16 Support en*okong
17 $opple (umbang
1! $ripod stand (ungku kaki tiga
1# ,pright (egak
2$ (ithstand enahan
21 Stabilit! Kestabilan
22 Structure Binaan
23 $urbulence Bergolak
24 )ibration ual s>uare sides
5 Cuboid - solid or hollo& obje)t &hi)h has si. re)tangular +a)es atright angles to ea)h other
6 C!linder - solid or hollo& obje)t &ith straight parallel sides and a
)ir)ular or o,al base
7 Energ! (he abilit* to do &ork
! Hemisphere - hal+ o+ sphere
# P!ramid - hollo& or solid obje)t &ith a s>uare or triangular +lat base
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and sides that slope up to point
1$ Sphere - round solid +igure in &hi)h e,er* point on the sur+a)e iso+ e>ual distan)e +rom the )entre
11 Stabilit! t is )on)erned &ith an obje)t?s abilit* to return to the &a*
it &as be+ore i+ disturbed
12 Strength (he abilit* to support mass
13 Structure - building or an*thing that is )onstru)ted +rom se,eral parts
ADDITIONAL NOTES
STABILITY )an be de+ined as the abilit* o+ obje)ts to return to its original state i+disturbed@ + an obje)ts is more stable it )an be able to resist larger +or)es@ :bje)tsthat are stable &ill not topple o,er be)ause the* ha,e their &eight )on)entrated lo&
do&n@ (his point )alled the )entre o+ gra,it* and the lo&er it is the more stable is theobje)t@
STRENGTH O STRUCTURES is the abilit* to resists stress and strength put on thestru)ture@ Bending )ompression tension ,ibration and turbulen)e are some o+ thestressed that stru)tures &ithstand@ a)tors that a++e)t the strength o+ a stru)ture
in)lude the t*pes o+ materials used its length the )ross se)tional area or shape ho&the stru)ture is pla)ed &eathering en,ironment su)h as high or lo& temperature
humidit* and others@
0.amples o+ e,er*da* li+e situations used to e.plain ho& base areaand height e++e)t the stabilit* o+ a stru)ture
Base %rea
- hea,*&eight li+ter spreads his legs to add stabilit*
(he &ide distan)e bet&een the &heels o+ a ra)ing )ar isto in)rease the base area o+ the )ar in order to maintainits stabilit* &hen it is mo,ing +ast
aborator* apparatus su)h as )oni)al +lask and tripodstand has a &ide base +or the purpose o+ stabilit*
- ra+t is more stable than a ka*ak be)ause a ka*ak has
less base area
Height
Big animals su)h as elephant and rhino)eros ha,e shortlegs to lo&er the )entre o+ gra,it* +or stabilit*
%a)ing )ars are designed &ith lo& bodies to lo&er the)entre o+ gra,it*
Boat passengers are ad,ised to sit &hen the boat mo,es
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+or stabilit*
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