GERMANY 1918-1945
ADOLF HITLER *April 20th 1889 in Austria † April 30th 1945 in Berlin Chancellor and dictator (Führer) Leader of Nazi-Party (NSDAP) Just Austrian citizen until 1932
WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1918 announcement of republic 1919 first elections chancellor: Philipp Scheidemann president: Friedrich Ebert
WEIMAR CONSTITUTION Equality Religious liberty School attendance Social rights
WHAT IS PROPAGANDA? information, ideas, or rumors spread
widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
DAP TO NSDAP – HIS ILLEGAL TRY 1919: joined the DAP 1920: Change of name 1921: Propagated as savior of the
German nation Attempted coup: wanted to take over
cabinet Embargo of Nazi-Party Hitler in jail
HIS LEGAL “TRY” 1925: reestablishment of NSDAP Legal way Dispositions everywhere –> 100 per
day January 1933: NSDAP takes over power chancellor: Adolf Hitler president since 1925: Paul von
Hindenburg
BEGINNING OF THE GERMAN REICH Art. 48 Decree of the Reich President
for the Protection of People and State or Reichstag Fire Decree
constitutional amendment Law to Remedy the Distress of People
and Reich
CHANGES No worker unions Law against the reestablishment of
parties Preparing for the war Decrease of unemployment Saving of German nation Credits and public work
Year Unemployment (Mio)
1921 0,4
1922 0,2
1923 0,8
1924 1,0
1925 0,6
1926 2,0
1927 1,3
1928 1,4
1929 1,9
1930 3,1
1931 4,5
1932 5,6
1933 4,8
1934 2,7
1935 2,1
1936 1,6
1937 0,9
1938 0,4
1939 0,1
ORGANIZATION Hitlerjugend (HJ) Hitler Youth Bund deutscher Mädel (BDM) League of
German Girls Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) Reich Labor
Service Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) German
Labor Front Schutzstaffel (SS) Sturmabteilung (SA) Storm Troopers
WHY WAS HITLER SO SUCCESSFUL?WHY DID THE GERMANS VOTE FOR HIM? WHY DID THE GERMANS FOLLOW HIM?
“Work and Bread” (The Great Depression) Party chaos Treaty of Versailles (Defeat in WW1) Anticommunism “people’s community” Anti-Semitism Führer and nation
One NationOne ReichOne Führer
SOCIAL DARWINISM Darwin’s theory of natural selection in
the evolution of animal species Related to human races
REASONS FOR ANTI-SEMITISM Conspiracy theory Crucifixion of Jesus Christ First too successful bankers and employers, later they were the reasons for the Great Depression Stab-in-the-back legend
Scapegoat for everything
OTHER VICTIMS Social democrats Communists Handicapped Homosexual Hitler’s opponents
HOW WAS THE PERSECUTION OF JEWS EVEN POSSIBLE?
April 1933: Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
Nuremberg Laws: The Laws for the Protection of
German Blood and German Honor
NATIONAL ENHYME Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,
Über alles in der Welt,Wenn es stets zu(m) Schutz und TrutzeBrüderlich zusammenhält,Von der Maas bis an die Memel,Von der Etsch bis an den Belt|: Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,Über alles in der Welt! :|
Germany, Germany above everything,Above everything in the world,When it always for protection and defence,Brotherly stands together.From the Meuse to the Neman,From the Adige to the Belt,|: Germany, Germany above everything,Above everything in the world. :|
“Germans! Don’t go in Jewish stores. The Jews are our bad luck. Avoid Jewish doctors. Don’t go to Jewish lawyers!”
CONCENTRATION CAMPSHOW WAS IT POSSIBLE THAT THE MAJORITY DID NOT KNOW ABOUT IT?
Highest priority of secrecy The most written documents got destroyed
after job execution Everybody just knew enough to do it Code language: “Final solution’’, “resettlement”,
“special treatment”, “evacuation” Concentration Camps were in the East Screening against unwanted insights Nobody was allowed to tell rumors about mass
murders
Controlled incorrect information
WHY DID NOBODY REALLY REACT? Critique of allied no help for
emmigration 1941: The allied started to know about
the mass murders no specific procedure
When the first message arrived in the US, the State Department tried to stop the publishment
WHAT CAN WE LEARN OUT OF IT? You do not help country to be better
when you take everything away what it has
Human rights
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