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GEOSCIENCE for theField Development ProjectSome guidance
Geoscience for the FDP 1
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Outline
Project aims
Data
Analysis and Outputs
Marking criteria
Geological conceptual model
Further advice
Geoscience for the FDP 2
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Project Aims
Design or Development Project
Aim to produce economically justified development plan
Geoscience affects everything!
Shape and architecture affect volume and production strategies
Properties affect volumetrics and reservoir engineering
Stratigraphic column, rock types and pressures affect drillingchoices
Etc…
Geoscience for the FDP 3
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Data
Data derived from North Sea fields
BUT changed
Geology is North Sea, but other locations may be given forenvironmental or economic considerations (use North Seastratigraphy, literature for the geology sections)
By all means look for analogue fields in theliterature. HOWEVER, even if you think you find ‘your’ fieldin the literature, remember the changes and that you onlyhave some of the data from that field and that anystatement you use in your report or presentation has to be
backed up by the evidence you see IN THE DATASET youhave.
Geoscience for the FDP 4
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Data
~6 wells
Mudlogs, wireline, core plug measurements, corephotos, descriptions, fluid samples, well tests(some)… beware of data quality.
Top structure map
Simplified
Seismic line
For big picture, reference only. Not for extrainterpretation or well ties.
Geoscience for the FDP 5
Core Store VISIT –2 people per team
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Analysis and Outputs
Aim is to produce conceptual model of the reservoir,layering and structure, that will be converted for youinto a computer model for use in simulation.
Interpretations MUST be backed up by YOUR EVIDENCE
from the data provided to you, and your reasoning onthe basis of that data.
Geoscience for the FDP 6
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Analysis and Outputs
Depositional Environment
Gives connectivity, and orientation of any elongate bodies
Stratigraphic correlations, connectivity and layering
Correlations in TVD?; always label with amount ofvertical exaggeration used
Isopach maps?
Cross-sections (do not use vertical exaggeration)
Conceptual model
Volumetrics – requires statistics and other properties.
Geoscience for the FDP 7
NAzimuth
Major Axis
Minor Axis
Major AxisMinor Axis
Major = Minor Axis
SheetsEg: Turbidite Sheets
ChannelsEg: Fluvial/Turbidite
Shallow marineShoreface/Beach
Palaeocurrent
Shoreline
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Analysis and Outputs
Issues to consider
Porosity and permeability distributions (vertical and horizontal) Spatial variability, both measurable and predicted based on
depositional environment…
Diagenetic effects
Core-to-log relationships
Geological Statistics – suitable averages Geomechanical issues (e.g. rock strength, wellbore stability
variations from background due to faulting, folding, fracturing)
Geochemical issues? (e.g. wettability)
Uncertainties
All projects have uncertainty
Need to identify uncertainty
Develop plan for dealing with or resolving uncertainty
Geoscience for the FDP 8
F r e q u e n c y
Variable
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Analysis and Outputs
Teamwork
Geological model will require integrated analysis of puregeology data, petrophysical data, well testing data and
some reservoir engineering data. Therefore if you assign these ‘roles’ to different team
members, then you must ensure that these individualscommunicate and collaborate to create the model.
ALL team members should understand and agree with the
conceptual model produced.
Geoscience for the FDP 9
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Analysis and Outputs
Standardized Reservoir Description – works from general
to specific information Location
Trap
Fluid
When discovered, current status, any production history
Reservoir rocks (lithology, environment, age)
Correlations/models
Column height and/or OWC
Fluid properties, volumetrics
Comments, comparisons, analogues
Geoscience for the FDP 10
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Analysis and Outputs
Images to include in your reports
Maps (very important)
Cross-section (no vertical exaggeration)
Stratigraphic column
Correlations (stratigraphic and structural; state VE used) Rock images – cores and also images from the field!
All those lovely outcrops from Inverness!
Geoscience for the FDP 11
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Marking Criteria
A Grade:
“Innovative evaluation of the geological data, discussion ofdepositional environment, geological statistics, STOIIP,including structural analysis and multiple correlations of thereservoir. Creation of an integrated reservoir model.Analysis of uncertainties. Excellent diagrams.”
Geoscience for the FDP 12
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Geological Conceptual Model
A conceptual model is required to be provided to an ‘expert’ who will create the ECLIPSE input files for you.
You will need to provide a number of diagrams,(correlations, maps) as well as statistics, well locations,grid sizes and other information to create this model.
There will be a form that you will fill in to provide the
expert with the information required… (provided at endof week 1/start week 2 ish)
Your geological advisor (tutor) will need to sign off onthe completed conceptual model.
Geoscience for the FDP 13
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Geological Conceptual Model
Spreadsheetto fill in thebasic data
Geoscience for the FDP 14
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Geological Conceptual Model
OTHER THINGS:
Formation Tops (well to well correlation)
Base of reservoir (parallel, not parallel, flat?)
Model size, gridding
Faults
Horizons, Zones, Layering
OWC
Facies, based on well logs – cut-offs?, properties (statistics)
Variograms (horizontal and vertical facies variation) these are going to be theoretically based on what your
understanding of the depositional environment is: variogramsbased on data only give vertical variation
See Chapter 9 G11PG for details
Geoscience for the FDP 15
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Further Advice
VISION Gary gives an introductory video
Ppt shows with details about how to fill in the model spreadsheetsand how to create the data necessary
Geoscience for Petroleum Engineering (G11PG) – all the notes and
the ppt shows and the advice on VISION will help you to build themodel!
Advice on research generally
Data
Discussion
Literature Remember your conclusions can only be based on the data available
to you and the analysis you have done on that data (no statementsbased on literature sources). However you may search the literatureto help you or to provide comparisons for your field. The fields areall based on North Sea fields, so use articles or papers on North Seageology.
Geoscience for the FDP 16