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Object:
Problem:
Methodology:
Body of Knowledge:
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Plant
Animal
Protista
Behavior
Organism and Environment
Genetic Continuity
Diversity and Unity
Structure and Function
Regulation
Evolution
History of Concept of Biology
Science as Inquiry
Mol
ecular
Cell
ular
Tiss
ue
Or
gan
Ind
ividual
Pop
ulation
Co
mmunit
y
Bio
me
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Monera
Protist
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Genetic Continuity
Growth, Development, & Diffrentiation
Maintenance of a Dynamic Equilibrium
Interaction and Interdependence
Energy, Matter, and Organization
Science Technology and Society
Evolution: Pattern & Product of Change
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Monera
Protist
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Maintenance of a Dynamic Equilibrium
Structure and Function
Organism and Environment
Diversity and Unity
Science as Inquiry
History of Concept of Biology
Genetic Continuity
Evolution: Pattern & Product of Change
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Regulation9.
Evolution: Pattern & Productof ChangeStructure andFunction8.
Genetic ContinuityScience Technology andSociety
Behavior7.
Maintenance of a DynamicEquilibrium
Energy, Matter, andOrganization
Organism andEnvironment
6.
Organism and EnvironmentGenetic ContinuityGenetic Continuity5.
Structure and FunctionGrowth, Development, &Diffrentiation
Diversity and Unity4.
Diversity and UnityMaintenance of a DynamicEquilibrium
Evolution3.
Science as InquiryInteraction andInterdependence
History of Concept ofBiology
2.
History of Concept of BiologyEvolution: Pattern & Productof Change
Science as Inquiry1.
MODIFIED BSCSREVISED BSCSBSCSNO
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Object:
Problem:
Metodhology:
Body of Knowledge:
Title of research/investigation/study:
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Sensing/
Observing
Predicting/
infering ClassifiyingMeasuring
Communicating
Drawing chart,etc
Developing table of
data
definiing variables
operationally
Identifying
variables
Collecting &
Organizing data
Developing
hyphotesa
Planning ian
nvestigation
Analyzing result of
Observation
Experimenting
Describing variablesRelationship
Summarizing
Picture 1. Scientific skill (Rezba et al , 1995: 1)
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1. To identify varieties in one group of organisms
2. To identify uniformity in varieties of organisms
3. To explain principles of diversity and unity in biology4. To explain taxonomical and non-taxonomical diversity
Learning Objective (s):
Time Allocation: 2 x 50’
Diversity & Unity
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Diversity & Unity
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Diversity & Unity
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Diversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & Unity
Differences
Similarities
Gene – level ---- Within species
Species-level ---- Among species
Ecosystem-level ---- Among system
Morphologically
Anatomically
Bio molecularly
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Fur
Peal
smLLLLLLLLsize
Y-r-bO-bw-bwR-yGycolor
C6C5C4C3C2C1Var
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tail
pattern
Gy-spoBrBr-stColor
LSLLLLLSize
dcbaVa
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A Linnean hierarchical classification
binomial nomenclature
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Kingdoms
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ClasifficationA. To Classify objects only
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ClasifficationA. To Classify objects only
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Principles of clasiffication
Using Observable Characteristics (observable,measurable)
Using Stable Characteristics
Using Not-Responsive Characteristics to
environmental factors
Morphological, anatomical, etc… biochemical
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ClasifficationB. To Determinate of phylogeny
Classification of organism:
Taxonomy of organism
Phylogeny tree of organism
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Principles of clasiffication
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Methods of classification: traditional, phentic, and cladistic.
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Organism and its EnvironmentOrganism:
Individual
Population
Community
Biome
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Niche
Habitat
Biosphere
Environment:
Organism and its Environment
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Symbiotic Relationship (mutual, parasitic, commensal)
Non-Symbiotic Relationship (amensalism)
Association of Organism
andInteraction Organism and its Environment
Ecosystem
Predation (Predator - Preyor)
Competition
Altruism-innate-instinctive
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Components & Structure of Ecosystem
I. Biotic (Living Thing)a. Producer
b. Consumer (herbivore, carnivore)
c. Detritivore
d. Decomposer
II. Non-Biotic (Non Living Thing)
a. Climatic
b. Edaphic
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Functions of Ecosystem
1. Density (community)
2. Distribution (community)
3. Dominance (community)4. Energy flow (ecosystem)
5. Biogeochemical cycle (ecosystem)
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Energy Flow
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Energy Flow
Consumer III(Carnivore or omnivore)
Example: Snake
Consumer II(Carnivore / omnivore)
Example: Frog
Consumer I(Herbivore)
Example: grasshopper
Example: Plant Leafs
100
10
1
0,1
0,9
9
90
Transferred energy
Energy lost
0,09
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Bacteria bounding
free N2 udara to
earth nitrogen
Earth nitrogen (Nitrate, Amonia)
Bacteri
tranforming esrth
nitrogen to free N2
Nitrogen inprotein of plant
Nitrogen in
protein of animal
Free Nitrogen (N2)
Death
animal
Death BacteriaDeath plant
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Stability and Balance
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REPRODUCTION & GENETICSREPRODUCTION & GENETICSREPRODUCTION & GENETICSREPRODUCTION & GENETICS
• Production again and again insimilar condition
• Transfer some things (from
parental to filial)• The things are physical things not
an attitude ones
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History toward Blending Theory• Theophrastus (Ancient Greek) proposed that male flowers caused
female flowers to ripen• Hippocrates (Ancient Greek) speculated that "seeds" were produced
by various body parts and transmitted to offspring at the time ofconception
• Aristotle (Ancient Greek) thought that male and female semen mixedat conception
• Aeschylus, in 458 BC, proposed the male as the parent, with thefemale as a "nurse for the young life sown within her"
• During the 1700s, Dutch microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) discovered "animalcules" in the sperm of humans and otheranimals
• Spermist (1800s) Some scientists speculated they saw a "little man"(homunculus) inside each sperm
• Ovists (1800s), believed that the future human was in the egg, andthat sperm merely stimulated the growth of the egg. Ovists thoughtwomen carried eggs containing boy and girl children, and that thegender of the offspring was determined well before conception
• Blending theories of inheritance supplanted the spermists and ovistsduring the end of 19th century. The mixture of sperm and eggresulted in progeny that were a "blend" of two parents'characteristics. --- Mendelian
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Blending Theory-Interbreeding
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Blending Theory-Interbreeding
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Di hybrid
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Variation
selection pressure
survival of the fittest
differential reproductionMutation
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Idea:
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Facts: Evidences or clues
Fossil evidence
Morphology comparative Anatomy comparative
Embryology comparative
Biochemistry comparative
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Paidi Hw.
081804349157 (Pro-XL)
[email protected]:E-mail
08156882306 (Mentari):HP(0274)864604:Telp
Beran Lor, Tridadi, Sleman:Rumah
(0274)586186 psw. 219:TelpFMIPA dan Lemlit, UNY:Kantor
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