Chapter 7Goal Directed Systems Design
Part 1: Input – Process – Output Model
Input: Unsafe worker
ProcessOutput:
Safe worker
Table of Contents
DefinitionsCheck lists and rulesActivity 1Activity 2Activity 3Activity 4Activity 5Activity 6
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Activity 7Activity 8Activity 9Activity 10Activity 11Activity 12
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Table of Contents
Review Section
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Definitions– Processes– Outputs, inputs, or goals– Ultimate goal– Goal-directed approach– Final output– Input-Process-Output Chain– Main resources– Production– Distribution– Research and Development (R & D)
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Check lists and rules–Rules in outlining the structure of organizational goals–Questions to ask yourself when making the outline of organizational goals
– Outline checklist
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Activity #1– #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8,
#9, #10, #11, #12, #13, #14, #15, #16, #17, #18, #19, #20, #21, #22, #23, #24, #25, #26, #27, #28, #29, #30
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Activity #2– #31, #32, #33, #34, #35, #36,
#37, #38, #39, #40
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Activity #3– #41, #42, #43, #44
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Activity #4– #45, #46, #47, #48, #49, #50,
#51, #52, #53, #54
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Activity #5– #55, #56, #57, #58, #59, #60,
#61, #62, #63, #64,
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Activity #6– #65, #66, #67, #68
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Activity #7– #69, #70, #71, #72
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Activity #8– #73
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Activity #9– #74,
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Activity #10– #75,
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Activity #11– #76,
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Activity #12– #77,
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Goal-Directed Systems Design is a technology for designing
an ideal structure of organizational goals using a behavioral systems analytic
approach.
In this part of the workshow you will learn the concepts
involved in Goal-Directed Systems Design
(GDSD) and do some practice-work in designing organizational
goals.
You can do a GDSD up front
for a new organization that you’re starting,
to help it work well from day one…
…or you can apply GDSD later to an existing organization,
to help it work better and to recover
from organizational disasters.
What’s the behavioral systems analysis approach?
Behavioral Systems Analysis approach
A system is an organized, integrated, unified
set of components, accomplishing a particular set
of goals.
Behavioral Systems Analysis approach
A system consists of inputs (resources), processes, and
outputs (goals).
For example, an automobile is an example of a system.
It inputs people at one location and moves them to another.
It’s a transportation system.
Behavioral Systems Analysis approach
A behavioral system is a system in which the principle
components are human beings.
Behavioral System…
For example, a university is an example of a
behavioral system, which inputs high-school graduates,
educates them, and outputs college graduates.
In a behavioral systems approach, you define an organization as a set of systems by identifying the
output, process, and input for each component.
In other words, you see an organization as a behavioral system,
or a collection of behavioral systems,
each of which has an output, a process, and inputs.
Practice!!-Activity #1
For the following behavioral systems, identify each
underlined component of the system as either output,
process, or input.
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Table of Contents
Practice!!-Activity #1
Put O for output, P for process, or I for input.
A hospital: ___Treating sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
A.Output
B. Process
C. Input
#1
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A hospital: ___Treating sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the process. It is
defined as a thing or condition. Treating sick
people is an activity and not a thing or condition.
Back to the question!
A hospital: ___Treating sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
A.Output
B. Process
C. Input
No, Remember that the input consists of things or
conditions that are processed through the system. Treating sick
people is an activity and not the initial thing or condition
that begins the process.
Back to the question!
A hospital: ___Treating sick
people___Sick people___Healthy
peopleA.Output
B. Process
C. Input On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!! Treating sick people is the behavior responsible for
processing sick people into healthy people.
A hospital: ___Treating sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
A.Output
B. Process
C. Input
#2
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A hospital: ___Treating Sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
A.Output
B. Process
C. Input
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process.
Back to the question!
A hospital: ___Treating sick
people___Sick people___Healthy
peopleA.Output
B. Process
C. Input On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A hospital: ___Treating sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
A.Output
B. Process
C. Input
#3
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A hospital: ___Treating sick people___Sick people___Healthy people
Right on!!! Healthy people is the final
outcome or goal when treating sick people.
A.Output
B. Process
C. Input On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People #4
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Return to Table of Contents
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process and is defined as a thing or condition. Amusing people is
an activity and not a thing or condition.
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People #5
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Return to Table of Contents
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
Good!! Happier people is the final
outcome or goal when trying to amuse people.
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#6
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
An amusement park: ___Amusing people___Happier people___People
Right on!!!
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
#7
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Return to Table of Contents
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
Back to the question!
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process and is defined as a thing or condition.
Back to the question!
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
#8
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Return to Table of Contents
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the process. It is defined as a thing or condition. Providing rooms to
people is an activity and not a thing or condition.
Back to the question!
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
#9
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Return to Table of Contents
A motel: ___Tired people___Providing rooms___Rested people
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!! Rested people is the
final outcome or goal when providing
a room for tired people.
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people #1
0A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
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A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
Back to the question!
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!! People at their
destination is the final goal when
transporting people.
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people #1
1A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Return to Table of Contents
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people #1
2A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A bus company: ___People at destination___People at place of departure___Transporting people
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold
___Selling books___People who have books
#13
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Return to Table of Contents
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the process. It is what a book store wishes to accomplish through
the sales process.
Back to the question!
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
#14
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Return to Table of Contents
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process and is defined as a thing or condition. Selling books is an
activity and not a thing or condition.
Back to the question!
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
#15
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A book store: ___People who don’t have
books and books to be sold___Selling books___People who have books
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!People who have books is the final
outcome or goal of a book-selling
process.
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
#16
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
Return to Table of Contents
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process.
Back to the question!
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
#17
Return to Table of Contents
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Keep it up!!!People who have pets is the final
outcome of a pet-selling process.
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
#18
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A pet store: ___People who don’t have pets
and pets to be sold___People who have pets___Selling pets
A.Output
B. Input
C.ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs #1
9A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
Return to Table of Contents
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
Back to the question!
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice job!!!Repaired VCRs is the goal of a VCR-repairing process.
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs #2
0A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
Return to Table of Contents
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
Back to the question!
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs #2
1A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A VCR repair company: ___Repaired VCRs___Repairing VCRs___Broken VCRs
A.Output
B. Input
C.Process
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision #2
2A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Return to Table of Contents
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Back to the question!
Remember that you define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process. It is what the cable company wishes to accomplish
by providing cable to customers.
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
That’s right!!!
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision #2
3A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Return to Table of Contents
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the process. It is defined as a thing or condition. Providing cable to customers is an activity and not
a thing or condition.
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Yup!!!
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision #2
4A. Input
B.Process
C.Output
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A Cablevision company: ___People without cablevision___Providing cablevision___People with cablevision
A. Input
B.Process
C.Output On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!! People with
cablevision is the final output of a cable providing company.
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy
about their hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#25
Return to Table of Contents
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy about their
hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the process. It is defined as a thing or condition. Providing services is an activity and not a thing or
condition.
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy about their
hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy about their
hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy
about their hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#26
Return to Table of Contents
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy about their
hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal a hair salon wishes to accomplish by
providing quality service to customers.
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy about their
hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
YES!!!
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy
about their hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#27
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A hair salon: ___Providing hair services___People unhappy about their
hair___People happy about their
hairA. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Sweet!!!
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#28
Return to Table of Contents
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the process. It is defined as a thing
or condition. “Selling” is an activity and not a thing or
condition.
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#29
Return to Table of Contents
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
Back to the question!
No, Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
sales process.
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
That’s right!!!
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.Input
#30
And so the last one would be….
Return to Table of Contents
A bike shop: ___Selling bikes___People without bikes and
bikes to be sold___People with bikes
A. Output
B.Process
C.InputOn to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
In this workbook, you are asked to describe outputs, inputs, or goals as things or conditions.
You are also asked to describe processes
as activities or behaviors.
We want you to learn this distinction because
a process does not necessarily produce the expected output
even when the process seems to be active.
For example…
Even when a motel provides plenty of rooms, people may not get rested
because of poor service, dirty bath rooms, etc.
So, we do not want to say the goal of a motel is to
provide rooms.
…..that’s what the motel does to accomplish the output of
rested people.
The goal should be described as “rested people”
and one of its processes as “providing
rooms”.
This distinction may seem odd and less important to you,
but it becomes critical when you start designing
the structure of organizational goals later.
Rules
Define processes of an organization as activities or behaviors.
Use “[verb] + ing + [noun]” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define a process.
Example: Baking bread, or to bake bread.
Define outputs, inputs, or goals of an organization as things or conditions.
Avoid using “[verb] + ing + [noun]” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output/input.
Instead, Use [adjective] + [noun] to define inputs/outputs. Example: Baked bread.
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Click to go back to your previous slide
Identify the following items by selecting whether it is either an Output or a Process
Example: Baking bread__Output or __Process
Practice!!-Activity 2
A.Output
B. Process
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Manufacturing watches __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#31
Return to Table of Contents
Manufacturing watches __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Manufacturing watches __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
School bus drivers trained __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#32
Return to Table of Contents
School bus drivers trained __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
Sorry….Remember that you define processes of an
organization as activities or behaviors. Processes often end in “-ing” or are used in
the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
School bus drivers trained __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Writing a book __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#33
Return to Table of Contents
Writing a book __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Writing a book __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Yup!!!
Making an appointment__Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#34
Return to Table of Contents
Making an appointment__Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
Sorry, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Making an appointment__Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
That’s right!!!
Teaching students __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#35
Return to Table of Contents
Teaching students __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
Remember that you define outputs of an organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-ing” or “to [verb]
[noun]” to define an output. Instead use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Teaching students __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Computer supplies bought __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#36
Return to Table of Contents
Computer supplies bought __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
Sorry….Remember processes often end in “-ing” or are
used in the following sense: “to [verb] [noun]”
Computer supplies bought __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice!!!
Landscaped lawn __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#37
Return to Table of Contents
Landscaped lawn __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
A little reminder: You define outputs of an organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-ing” or “to [verb]
[noun]” to define an output. Instead use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Landscaped lawn __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Correct!!!
Training a dog __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#38
Return to Table of Contents
Training a dog __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
Try once more. Remember to avoid using “-ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an
output. Instead use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e.
baked bread)
Training a dog __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Training materials distributed __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#39
Return to Table of Contents
Training materials distributed __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Training materials distributed __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Sending electronic mail. __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process
#40
Return to Table of Contents
Sending electronic mail. __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. Process Back to the question!
Sorry… but remember that you define outputs of an organization as things or
conditions.
Sending electronic mail. __Output or __Process
A.Output
B. ProcessOn to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Good Work!!!
Goal-Directed Systems Design:1st: select the ultimate goal
of an organization
Goal-Directed Systems Design:1st: select the ultimate goal
of an organization 2nd: select the various levels
of intermediate goals needed
to accomplish that ultimate goal
Goal-Directed Systems Design:1st: select the ultimate goal
of an organization 2nd: select the various levels
of intermediate goals needed
to accomplish that ultimate goal
3rd: select the initial goals needed to accomplish those
intermediate goals
In other words…
you decide what to accomplish first
and then design goals that will enable you to accomplish
what you have decided to accomplish.
Definition
The ultimate goal is the highest level of the
organizational goals and ought to involve
the well-being of living creatures.
Click to go back to your previous slide
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Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
Philosophically we believe….
the world would be better off if every organization
set their ultimate goal as the well-being of creatures
on the earth, and derived the intermediate and initial goals
from this ultimate goal.
All of us should work toward this goal,
and Goal-Directed Systems Design will help us
achieve this ultimate goal.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
However… We also think
this might be too idealistic.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
Now just for the record…
We are not selling our philosophical stand.
Instead, we are providing a technology
that helps you accomplish whatever you want
to accomplish.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
In fact… You are learning
to analyze organizational goals not from the well-being
of living creatures but from the final output
of an organization.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
Regardless of the goal you start with,
Goal-Directed Systems Design is useful and effective
because of its goal-directed nature, or in other words,
“top-down approach”.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design important?
Definition
Goal-directed approach:
A technology of designing organizational goals by defining
higher goals of an organization first, and then selecting sub goals
that are necessary to accomplish those higher goals.
Thus, the accomplishment of each subgoal contributes to the accomplishment
of the higher goals.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#1It gives flexibility
in designing organizations.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#1It gives flexibility
in designing organizations.
As long as the desired output is accomplished, the process
that produces the output could be anything.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#1It gives flexibility
in designing organizations.
In systems engineering terms, this is called equifinality.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#1
In systems engineering terms, this is called equifinality.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
There are a number of different processes
that can produce the same final output.
For example…
#1It gives flexibility in designing organizations.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
For example… working in a training department
at a company, you may feel that you must
train people whenever there is a performance problem.
#1It gives flexibility in designing organizations.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
But, if you look at the desired outcome
(i.e., job done), the best bet may NOT be training
but rather a simple job aid (like the job aid we’re using
to help you apply GDSD).
#1It gives flexibility in designing organizations.
Or maybe the most cost-effective solution
is performance-management contingencies
(like the point contingencies we’re using to encourage you
to apply GDSD to an area of professional interest).
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#1It gives flexibility in designing organizations.
Focusing on the output before selecting the process
thus gives you flexibility in selecting processes.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#1It gives flexibility in designing organizations.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#2We take a goal-directed
approach in order to avoid
two kinds of mistakes.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
#2We take a goal-directed approach
in order to avoid two kinds of mistakes.
One is the activity trap and the other is the means-ends trap.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
In both kinds of traps, we fail to accomplish what we want to
accomplish without even knowing it.
#2We take a goal-directed approach
in order to avoid two kinds of mistakes (activity trap & means-end trap).
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
An activity trap occurs when you are satisfied
with an activity or process without producing a valuable accomplishment or output.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
For example…
An instructor at a university may use a lot of advanced
technologies in her psychology class, such as an interactive video
and computer-assisted instruction.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
An activity trap occurs when she or the university
is satisfied with the use of the technology and not
concerned about how students are doing in the class.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
It may be the case that the students are failing to learn
the material because they lack the prerequisite skills
necessary to make use of the material the instructor
has presented.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
To get around the trap, you have to focus on the output
of a system. In this case,
it is the students who learned the material.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
A means-ends trap occurs when you are satisfied
with the accomplishment of lower-level goals and not concerned
with the accomplishment of higher-level goals to which
the lower-level goals are supposed to contribute.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
In the former example, suppose the instructor finally
succeeded in making
the students learn in the class.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
A means-ends trap occurs,
for example, when the students fail to succeed after they graduate from her class.
The jobs they got do not require the skills she taught.
Why is the Goal-Directed Systems Design useful?
To get around this trap, you need to derive your goals from what you are ultimately
attempting to accomplish.
Practice!!
Read the definition of the goal-directed approach again:
a technology of designing organizational goals by defining higher goals of an organization
first, and then selecting subgoals that are necessary to accomplish
those higher goals
Practice!!-Activity 3
For the following pairs of descriptions,
indicate which is an example
of a goal-directed approach.
Click to go back to your previous slide
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• In order to achieve the well-being of humanity, we need to, for instance, raise funds and send the money to the third world countries.
• In order to achieve the well-being of humanity, we need to achieve the physical well-being of humanity and the psychological well-being of humanity. In order to achieve the physical well-being of humanity, we need to, for instance, decrease mortality rate. To decrease the mortality rate, for instance, we need to decrease Fetus Alcohol Syndrome. To decrease the FAS, we need to provide behavioral management programs to pregnant women.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
#41
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
Back to the question!
A. In order to achieve the well-being of humanity, we need to, for instance, raise funds and send the money to the third world countries.
B. In order to achieve the well-being of humanity, we need to achieve the physical well-being of humanity and the psychological well-being of humanity. In order to achieve the physical well-being of humanity, we need to, for instance, decrease mortality rate. To decrease the mortality rate, for instance, we need to decrease Fetus Alcohol Syndrome. To decrease the FAS, we need to provide behavioral management programs to pregnant women.
Sorry…. Remember the goal-directed approach is:
a technology of designing organizational goals by defining
higher goals of an organization first, and then selecting sub goals
that are necessary to accomplish those higher goals
A. In order to achieve the well-being of humanity, we need to, for instance, raise funds and send the money to the third world countries.
B. In order to achieve the well-being of humanity we need to achieve the physical well-being of humanity and the psychological well-being of humanity. In order to achieve the physical well-being of humanity, we need to, for instance, decrease mortality rate. To decrease the mortality rate, for instance, we need to decrease Fetus Alcohol Syndrome.To decrease the FAS, we need to provide behavioral management programs to pregnant women.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B. On to the
next question!
Back to the previous question!
Yup!!!
A. In order to provide nutritious and delicious food to customers with a reasonable price, basically we need food and customers. To get foods we need to buy materials and cook them. To get customers we need advertising.
B. Because this restaurant is near a university, it would be better to serve fast foods.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
#42
Return to Table of Contents
A. In order to provide nutritious and delicious food to customers with a reasonable price, basically we need food and customers. To get foods we need to buy materials and cook them. To get customers we need advertising.
B. Because this restaurant is near a university, it would be better to serve fast foods.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
Back to the question!
Sorry…. Here’s a little refresher of the definition of
the goal-directed approach is: a technology of designing
organizational goals by defining higher goals of an organization
first, and then selecting subgoals that are necessary to accomplish
those higher goals
A. In order to provide nutritious and delicious food to customers with a reasonable price, basically we need food and customers. To get foods we need to buy materials and cook them. To get customers we need advertising.
B. Because this restaurant is near a university, it would be better to serve fast foods.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B. On to the
next question!
Back to the previous question!
Keep it up!!!
A. To increase the happiness of employees, we can improve physical and economical conditions of the employees. To improve their physical conditions, we can provide safety programs such as encouraging seat belt use, and a diet or nonsmoking program. To improve the economical conditions we can introduce social welfare programs and life insurance.
B. To decrease the time loss from injuries, we need to introduce safety programs such as encouraging seat belt use.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
#43
Return to Table of Contents
A. To increase the happiness of employees, we can improve physical and economical conditions of the employees. To improve their physical conditions, we can provide safety programs such as encouraging seat belt use, and a diet or nonsmoking program. To improve the economical conditions we can introduce social welfare programs and life insurance.
B. To decrease the time loss from injuries, we need to introduce safety programs such as encouraging seat belt use.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
Back to the question!
Remember…… The goal-directed approach is: a technology of designing
organizational goals by defining higher goals of an organization
first, and then selecting subgoals that are necessary to accomplish
those higher goals
A. To increase the happiness of employees, we can improve physical and economical conditions of the employees. To improve their physical conditions, we can provide safety programs such as encouraging seat belt use, and a diet or nonsmoking program. To improve the economical conditions we can introduce social welfare programs and life insurance.
B. To decrease the time loss from injuries, we need to introduce safety programs such as encouraging seat belt use.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B. On to the
next question!
Back to the previous question!
Great Work!!!
A. To improve our current rate of productivity, we need to redecorate the employee break room. Then we need to provide better foods in our cafeteria, and also encourage the bosses to speak more kindly to the employees on the manufacturing floor.
B. To improve our current rate of productivity, we need to examine the current rate, decide on a goal rate, and provide rewards for the employees contingent upon achieving the goal rate.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
#44
Return to Table of Contents
A. To improve our current rate of productivity, we need to redecorate the employee break room. Then we need to provide better foods in our cafeteria, and also encourage the bosses to speak more kindly to the employees on the manufacturing floor.
B. To improve our current rate of productivity, we need to examine the current rate, decide on a goal rate, and provide rewards for the employees contingent upon achieving the goal rate.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B.
Back to the question!
A. To improve our current rate of productivity, we need to redecorate the employee break room. Then we need to provide better foods in our cafeteria, and also encourage the bosses to speak more kindly to the employees on the manufacturing floor.
B. To improve our current rate of productivity, we need to examine the current rate, decide on a goal rate, and provide rewards for the employees contingent upon achieving the goal rate.
Which is an example of a goal-directed approach? (click your choice below) A. B. On to the
next section!
Back to the previous question!
Nice!!!
Although it is ideal to analyze organizational goals
from the ultimate goal, it is often difficult
and time consuming.
Therefore, in this program, you will only be asked to start analyzing organizational
goals with a final output of organizations.
Final output: The final product
of an organization that is distributed outside
the organization.
Final output: It is defined in terms
of things or conditions but not in terms of activities
or behaviors.
For example… The final output of this workbook is “students who can use Goal-
Directed Systems Design” but not “teaching students how to
use Goal-Directed Systems Design.”
This is a very important point.
Note: Once you finish an outline, it is a good idea to go back
and examine your final output and make sure it is defined
in terms of things or conditions and not in terms of activities
or behaviors.
A rough rule: the final output is usually
what the organization gets paid for.
Another way to put it is that the final output is the
“purpose” of the organization.
Definition
A final output of an organization is the final
product that is distributed outside the organization.
Click to go back to your previous slide
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Practice!!-Activity 4
The following are descriptions of final outputs
for some organizations. Identify which is an example
of a final output in each pair.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of an automobile company?
A. B.
#45
A. Net profits 30% increase.B. Automobiles manufactured.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of an automobile company?
A. B.
A. Net profits 30% increase.B. Automobiles manufactured.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process. It is defined as a thing or condition.
Which is an example of a final output of an automobile company?
A. B.
A. Net profits 30% increase.B. Automobiles manufactured.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Great!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a university?
A. B.
#46
A. Graduates, 1000 BAs, 60 MAs, and 10 Ph.Ds per year.B. An increase in employees’ commitment to the university.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a university?
A. B.
A. Graduates, 1000 BAs, 60 MAs, and 10 Ph.Ds per year.B. An increase in employees’ commitment to the university.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process. It is defined as a thing or condition.
Which is an example of a final output of a university?
A. B.
A. Graduates, 1000 BAs, 60 MAs, and 10 Ph.Ds per year.B. An increase in employees’ commitment to the university.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Yup!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a mental health hospital?
A. B.
#47
A. People who become functional in society.B. Reduction of labor costs.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a mental health hospital?
A. B.
A. People who become functional in society.B. Reduction of labor costs.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Which is an example of a final output of a mental health hospital?
A. B.
A. People who become functional in society.B. Reduction of labor costs.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Correct!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a computer retail shop?
A. B.
#48
A. Personal computer systems sold.B. Selling personal computer systems
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a computer retail shop?
A. B.
A. Personal computer systems sold.B. Selling personal computer systems
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process. It is defined as a thing or condition.
Which is an example of a final output of a computer retail shop?
A. B.
A. Personal computer systems sold.B. Selling personal computer systems
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!!
Nice Work!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a city hotel?
A. B.
#49
A. The reputation of the hotel.B. Customers rested and satisfied with the service.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a city hotel?
A. B.
A. The reputation of the hotel.B. Customers rested and satisfied with the service.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Which is an example of a final output of a city hotel?
A. B.
A. The reputation of the hotel.B. Customers rested and satisfied with the service.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a retail sun-glass store?
A. B.
#50
A. Inventory 100% full.B. Sunglasses sold.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a retail sun-glass store?
A. B.
A. Inventory 100% full.B. Sunglasses sold.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Which is an example of a final output of a retail sun-glass store?
A. B.
A. Inventory 100% full.B. Sunglasses sold.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice job!!!
Which is an example of a final output of an animal shelter?
A. B.
#51
A. Animals adopted.B. Increased community awareness of unwanted pets.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of an animal shelter?
A. B.
A. Animals adopted.B. Increased community awareness of unwanted pets.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
Remember that the output is the final outcome or goal of the
process. It is defined as a thing or condition.
Which is an example of a final output of an animal shelter?
A. B.
A. Animals adopted.B. Increased community awareness of unwanted pets.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a fast-food restaurant?
A. B.
#52
A. Burgers sold.B. Raw materials bought.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a fast-food restaurant?
A. B.
A. Burgers sold.B. Raw materials bought.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Which is an example of a final output of a fast-food restaurant?
A. B.
A. Burgers sold.B. Raw materials bought.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
That’s great!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a coffee shop?
A. B.
#53
A. Coffee made.B. Coffee sold.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a coffee shop?
A. B.
A. Coffee made.B. Coffee sold.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Which is an example of a final output of a coffee shop?
A. B.
A. Coffee made.B. Coffee sold.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
This ain’t so hard huh!!!
Which is an example of a final output of a publishing company?
A. B.
#54
A. Books published.B. Books written.
(click on your choice below)
Return to Table of Contents
Which is an example of a final output of a publishing company?
A. B.
A. Books published.B. Books written.
(click on your choice below)
Back to the question!
No, Remember that you define outputs of an
organization as things or conditions. Avoid using “-
ing” or “to [verb] [noun]” to define an output. Instead
use [adjective] + [noun]. (i.e. baked bread)
Which is an example of a final output of a publishing company?
A. B.
A. Books published.B. Books written.
(click on your choice below)
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Outlining Organizational Goals
In this chapter, you will learn how to design organizational
goals. You will use an Output-Process-Input Chain to
produce the structure of organizational
goals.
First, you define the final output of the organization.
First, you define the final output of the organization.
Then you define the process that produces that output.
First, you define the final output of the organization.
Then you define the process that produces that output.
Then you define inputs that are necessary for the process.
This output-process-input forms a subsystem.
The inputs for one subsystem are the outputs from other
subsystems.
Once you have determined the inputs for a subsystem,
you go on to define the processes that produce those inputs and the inputs needed
for the processes(i.e. the next output-process-input
chains).
You will repeat this chaining
until inputs are obtained from other organizations than
the one you are analyzing.
In other words…. You are linking subsystems
in an organization by chaining the inputs of one subsystem to the output of another subsystem.
This chaining continues until the input to a subsystem
is offered by other organizations than the one
you are analyzing.
As you can see in the following outline, it is easy
to read the flow of resources in an organization when
it is presented as the outline of organizational goals.
(Overall Goal- Output)
Process:
(Input / Output)
Process:
Process:
Process:
(Input / Output)
(Input / Output)
(Input- Output ofexternal organizations)
Subsystem 1
Subsystem 2
Subsystem 3
Subsystem 4
Input-Process-Output Chain
For example… Let’s analyze organizational
goals for an automobile assembling factory.
For example…
This factory simply gets every part needed for building an automobile
and assembles the parts. The final output of this organization is “automobiles correctly assembled
with no defects.”
For example… So, first, you put this final output
on the top of the outline:
(Automobiles correctly assembled with no defects)
Notice that the final output is
put in parentheses.
In Goal-Directed Systems Design, all outputs and inputs
(goals and resources) are put in parentheses in
order for us to easily distinguish them from
processes.
Now, the next thing you do is ask yourself how to accomplish this
goal. In other words, what process do
you need to produce correctly assembled automobiles?...
…Assembling, right?
So you put this process underneath the final output
slightly (3-4 letters) indented to the right.
Notice that you do not have parentheses this time and, instead, have a label
(“Production”) and a colon before
the description of the process.
Indenting is important here because we
want to see the hierarchical structure
of goals with ease. Indented items illustrate
prerequisites for the item just above them.
(Indented items cont…) They must be fulfilled in order for the item
Just above them to be accomplished.
(Indented items cont…)
In other words, a process must be active
to produce its output, and inputs must be obtained
in order for a process to be active.
(Indented items cont…)
By connecting two levels
by lines, you can see more easily the relationship between outputs, processes
and inputs.
The next question is: what resources do you
need for the process?
Well, you can come up with many thingsthat you think are necessary for assembling automobiles:
Front line workers
Tools for the workersElectricity
The parts of the automobileEtc.
In the output-process-input chains, however, you
only focus on the flow of main
resources, which are the parts
of the automobile in this case.
Input-Process-Output Chain
(Automobiles correctly assembled with no defects)
Production: Assembling automobiles
(The parts of the automobile)
The analysis does not stop here.
As you might guess, the next question is:
what process do you need to get the parts?
Before analyzing this, let’s review the definition
of the “output-process-input chain,” and learn about
main resources and labels for processes.
Definition
Output-Process-Input chain is a way of sequencing goals first by asking what you want to accomplish (output),second, how you accomplish it (process), and third, what you need to accomplish it (inputs).
Then, each input is analyzed in the same way until the organization you are analyzing has made contact with some other organizations.
Return to Table of Contents
Click to go back to your previous slide
To make an Output-Process-Input chain you must follow
the…
Rules in outlining the structure of organizational
goals.
Rules in outlining the structure of
organizational goals • The final output of the organization must be
placed on the top.• Outputs and inputs consist only of main
resources. • Outputs and inputs are put in parentheses.• Processes must be labeled.• Lower level must be indented to the right and
connected with a line.6. Multiple resources or multiple processes
must be located at the same level and connected with a line.
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back to your previous slide
What are the main resources?
We like to make a distinction
between the main resources that are directly processed
and the resources that are used in order to process those main
resources.
What are the main resources?
For example… Every behavioral system has workers as human resources
(such as builders in the home construction industry).
What are the main resources?
However… They are NOT the main
resources for the manufacturing process
in the sense that the builders themselves are not being
processed.
What are the main resources?
Instead, what the builders use in the manufacturing process (such as wood and
nails) are considered the main
resources.
What are the main resources?
Builders are considered main resources when their training
or recruiting is analyzed. In such a case, you draw a different
outline which starts with “skilled builders” as the final
output.
Definition
Main resources: Raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed
by distribution processes, or customers for ALL selling
processes.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
So, it is important to note that you would NEVER put
employees in the outline unless they were actually being processed,
as in a training department at a corporation.
Practice!!-Activity 5
For the following pairs of resources, click on the one that consists of examples of
main resources for the specified organization.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Hamburger shop:
• Vegetables, bread, cheese, etc.• Cutting board, ovens, microwave,
etc.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources) #55
Return to Table of Contents
Hamburger shop:
A. Vegetables, bread, cheese, etc.B. Cutting board, ovens, microwave,
etc.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
Hamburger shop:
A. Vegetables, bread, cheese, etc.B. Cutting board, ovens, microwave,
etc.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right!!!
Publisher of a magazine:
A. Writers and photographers.B. Articles and photographs.
A. B.
#56
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
Publisher of a magazine:
A. Writers and photographers.B. Articles and photographs.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
Publisher of a magazine:
A. Writers and photographers.B. Articles and photographs.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice!!!
Book shop: A. BooksB. Employees.
A. B.
#57
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
Book shop: A. BooksB. Employees.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
It is important to remember that you would never put employees in the outline unless they were actually being processed, as in a training department at a corporation.
Book shop: A. BooksB. Employees.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Correct!!!
Bar: A. Table, chairs, glasses, etc.B. Beer, popcorn, etc.
A. B.
#58
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
Bar: A. Table, chairs, glasses, etc.B. Beer, popcorn, etc.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
Bar: A. Table, chairs, glasses, etc.B. Beer, popcorn, etc.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Great!!!
University: A. Professors.B. Students.
A. B.
#59
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
University: A. Professors.B. Students.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
University: A. Professors.B. Students.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right!!!
VCR repair shop: A. Repair technicians.B. Broken VCRs.
A. B.
#60
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
VCR repair shop: A. Repair technicians.B. Broken VCRs.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
VCR repair shop: A. Repair technicians.B. Broken VCRs.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
You got it!!!
Computer supply store: A. Modems, monitors, etc.B. Salespeople.
A. B.
#61
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
Computer supply store: A. Modems, monitors, etc.B. Salespeople.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
Computer supply store: A. Modems, monitors, etc.B. Salespeople.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
An amusement park: A. Customers.B. Maintenance people.
A. B.
#62
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
An amusement park: A. Customers.B. Maintenance people.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
An amusement park: A. Customers.B. Maintenance people.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Yup!!!
A movie theater: A. Seats.B. Movie-goers.
A. B.
#63
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
A movie theater: A. Seats.B. Movie-goers.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
A movie theater: A. Seats.B. Movie-goers.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right!!!
A doctor’s office: A. Tongue depressors and
stethoscopes.B. Sick people.
A. B.
#64
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Return to Table of Contents
A doctor’s office: A. Tongue depressors and
stethoscopes.B. Sick people.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
Back to the question!
No, remember that main resources consist of raw materials for production
processes, resources that are distributed by distribution
processes, or customers for ALL selling processes.
A doctor’s office: A. Tongue depressors and
stethoscopes.B. Sick people.
A. B.
(click below on the one that consists of examples of main resources)
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
We provide a classification system to help you define a variety of processes when you design organizational goals.
There are three kinds of processes: Production,
Distribution, and Research and Development
(R&D).
Definition Production is a process (in which inputs
and outputs are different, as in manufacturing)
Distribution is a process (in which inputs and outputs are the same)
Research & Development (R & D) is a production process (specifically conducted in order to develop procedures, instructions, equipment, and standards used in another production or distribution process.)
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Click to go back to your previous slide
Practice!!-Activity 6
Carefully review the definitions and label the following components with production, distribution, R & D, or none of them.
Put P for production, D for distribution, R for R & D, or N for none.
Note: For any given example, it is possible to use an answer more than once.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
#65
Return to Table of Contents
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Sorry…Research & Development (R & D) is a production process (specifically conducted in order to develop procedures, instructions, equipment, and standards used in another
production or distribution process.)
Back to the question!
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Remember… Distribution is a process (in which inputs and
outputs are the same)
Back to the question!
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Look it over again and give it another shot….
Back to the question!
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
#66
Return to Table of Contents
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Sorry… Production is a process (in which inputs and outputs are different, as in manufacturing)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Sorry…Research & Development (R & D) is a production process (specifically conducted in order to develop procedures, instructions, equipment, and standards used in another
production or distribution process.)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Look it over again and give it another shot….
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
You Got It!!! Here beef stew is simply
distributed to the customer (not actually processed or
changed).
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
#67
Return to Table of Contents
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Sorry… Production is a process (in which inputs and outputs are different, as in manufacturing)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Remember… Distribution is a process (in which inputs and
outputs are the same)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Look it over again and give it another shot….
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Very Nice!!!
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
#68
Return to Table of Contents
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Sorry… Production is a process (in which inputs and outputs are different, as in manufacturing)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Remember… Distribution is a process (in which inputs and
outputs are the same)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
Back to the question!
Sorry…Research & Development (R & D) is a production process (specifically conducted in order to develop procedures, instructions, equipment, and standards used in another
production or distribution process.)
In a restaurant: ___Cooking beef stew___Serving beef stew to a
customer ___Revising the beef stew recipe___Tips
A.Production D. None
B. Distribution
C. R & D
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!!
Practice!!-Activity #7
The following are incomplete descriptions of some
organizational subsystems. Complete each analysis by
checking the correct process (labeled #1) and the main resource(s) (labeled #2).
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Practice!!-Activity #7
Complete each analysis by checking the correct
process (labeled #1) and the main resource(s)
(labeled #2).
Example
Organization: A television repair company:
(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C)
#69
Select either Production, Distribution, or R & D for (1)
Return to Table of Contents
Example
Organization: A television repair company:
(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C) Back to the question!
Remember… Distribution is a process (in which inputs and
outputs are the same)
Example
Organization: A television repair company:
(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C) Back to the question!
Not quite…Research & Development (R & D) is a production process (specifically
conducted in order to develop procedures, instructions, equipment, and standards used in another production or distribution process.)
Example
Organization: A television repair company:
(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C) On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Example
Organization: A television repair company: (Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
(1) __ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers (A)__ Broken TV’s (B)
__ Televisions for sale (C)
#70
Select either Customers, Broken TV’s, or Televisions
for sale for (2)(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
Return to Table of Contents
Example
Organization: A television repair company: (Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
(1)__ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers (A) __ Broken TV’s (B)
__ Televisions for sale (C)
Remember that the input consists of things or conditions that are processed through the
system.(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
Back to the question!
Example
Organization: A television repair company:
(1)__ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers (A)__ Broken TV’s (B)
__ Televisions for sale (C)
(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
Back to the question!
Note: You define inputs of an organization as things or
conditions. Avoid using “-ing” or “to [verb] [noun]”
to define an input. Instead use [adjective] + [noun].
(i.e. baked bread)
Example
Organization: A television repair company:
(1)__ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers (A)__ Broken TV’s (B)
__ Televisions for sale (C)
(Televisions repaired)
___(1)___: Repairing televisions
(________(2)___________)
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Organization: A taxi company
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C)
#71
Select either Production, Distribution, or R & D for (1)(Customers at the destinations)
___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
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(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C) Back to the question!
Sorry… Production is a process (in which inputs and outputs are different, as in manufacturing)
(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company
(1) __ Production (A) __ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C) Back to the question!
Sorry…Research & Development (R & D) is a production process (specifically conducted in order to develop procedures, instructions, equipment, and standards used in another
production or distribution process.)
(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company
(1) __ Production (A)__ Distribution (B)
__ R & D (C) On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Right!!!
(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company (Customers at the destinations)
___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
(1) __ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers at the departure
Place (A), __ Taxies(B) ___ Drivers (C)
#72
Select either Customers at the departure place, Taxies,
or Drivers for (2)
Return to Table of Contents
(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company
(1) __ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers at the departure
Place (A), __ Taxies (B) ___ Drivers (C)
Back to the question!
Sorry, try again.
(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company
(1) __ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers at the departure
Place (A), __ Taxies (B) ___ Drivers (C)
Back to the question!
Sorry, give it another shot.
(Customers at the destinations)___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
Organization: A taxi company (Customers at the destinations)
___(1)_____: Transporting customers
(________(2)_________)
(1) __ Production __ Distribution __ R & D
(2) __ Customers at the departure
Place (A), __ Taxies (B) ___ Drivers (C)On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Nice Work!!!
Let’s go back to our example of the automobile assembling factory.
How do you get the parts of the automobile?
Well, in this factory, all parts are bought from another
company.
So, the outline looks like this:
(Automobiles correctly assembled with no defects)Production: Assembling automobiles
(The parts of the automobile)
Distribution: Buying the parts
What do you need to buy the parts?
The parts must be for sale, right?
So, you put it in underneath
the outline, and you are all set.
Because selling or manufacturing the parts is not your business,
you can stop the analysis here.
REMEMBER…..
Your outline always ends up with resources that are provided by some
other organizations.
Note the last two lines of the outline: “Distribution: Buying the parts;
& (The parts for sale).” This is the way these items should appear
anytime your outline ends with resources that must be obtained
(purchased) from someplace else.
Distribution: Buying the parts
(Automobiles correctly assembled with no defects)Production: Assembling automobiles
(The parts of the automobile)
(The parts available for sale)
Outline for Organizational Goals
When making the outline of organizational goals, ask yourself the following questions:
(1st) What do you want to accomplish?
Identify the final output in terms of things or conditions. Do not identify the final output in terms of a process or activity.
(2nd) How do you accomplish it? Identify process(es) that accomplish the goal.
(3rd) What do you need for the process?
Identify the main resources for the process. Don’t put other resources, such as line workers and tools used in the process. These other kinds of resources are analyzed later. Don’t forget customers as one of the main resources for any selling process.
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Click to go back to your previous slide
Once you identify the resources, repeat the questions (2) and (3)
for each resource you have identified:
How do you get the resource? What do you need to do to
accomplish that?
This is a simple example of the design of organizational goals for a factory
that manufactures furniture.
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Furniture manufactured)Production: Manufacturing furniture
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
The final output is
“furniture manufactured,” and in the simplest design,
there are only two sub-systems involved.
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Furniture manufactured)Production: Manufacturing furniture
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Outline Checklist
Here is a checklist you can use to verify that your organizational goals are outlined
correctly:
Check List:1. Is the final output located at the top and defined as things or
conditions? Yes No2. Are all outputs/inputs defined as things or conditions and put in
parentheses? Yes No3. Are lower goals right indented from higher goals and connected with
lines? Yes No4. Does the outline end up with resources? Yes No5. Are all processes defined as activities and labeled correctly? Yes No6. Are all inputs the main resources for the process? Yes No7. Are all the main resources necessary for the process defined?
Yes No
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Click to go back to your previous slide
Practice!!-Activity #8
Read the following example and look at the two outlines
on the following slide carefully.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Practice!!-Activity #8
Example: Which is the correct outline
of the organizational goals of a toy manufacturing factory,
which buys materials to make toys?
Also, state the reason in the blank space at the bottom of your
transparency.
Practice!!-Activity #8 Note:
We are not concerned with shipping the toys yet.
It is a good idea to use the check list presented on the right hand side
of the screen. This outline checklist is also available
from the “checklists and rules” link’ from the table of content.
You may also click back to the table of contents to view various definitions.
Check List:1. Is the final output located at the top and defined as things or conditions? Yes No2. Are all outputs/inputs defined as things or conditions and put in parentheses? Yes No3. Are lower goals right indented from higher goals and connected with lines? Yes No4. Does the outline end up with resources? Yes No5. Are all processes defined as activities and labeled correctly? Yes No6. Are all inputs the main resources for the process? Yes No7. Are all the main resources necessary for the process defined? Yes No
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals of a toy
manufacturing company?
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Toys manufactured)Production: Manufacturing toys
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Toys manufactured)Production: Manufacturing toys
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
A.
B.
#73A.
B.
Return to Table of Contents
Check List:1. Is the final output located at the top and defined as things or conditions? Yes No2. Are all outputs/inputs defined as things or conditions and put in parentheses? Yes No3. Are lower goals right indented from higher goals and connected with lines? Yes No4. Does the outline end up with resources? Yes No5. Are all processes defined as activities and labeled correctly? Yes No6. Are all inputs the main resources for the process? Yes No7. Are all the main resources necessary for the process defined? Yes No
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals of a toy
manufacturing company?
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Toys manufactured)Production: Manufacturing toys
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Toys manufactured)Production: Manufacturing toys
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
A.
B.
A.
B.
Sorry…review the checklist and give it another shot!
Back to the question!
Check List:1. Is the final output located at the top and defined as things or conditions? Yes No2. Are all outputs/inputs defined as things or conditions and put in parentheses? Yes No3. Are lower goals right indented from higher goals and connected with lines? Yes No4. Does the outline end up with resources? Yes No5. Are all processes defined as activities and labeled correctly? Yes No6. Are all inputs the main resources for the process? Yes No7. Are all the main resources necessary for the process defined? Yes No
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals of a toy
manufacturing company?
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Toys manufactured)Production: Manufacturing toys
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Toys manufactured)Production: Manufacturing toys
(Raw materials)
(Raw materials available for purchase)
A.
B.
A.
B. On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
YES!!! The distribution process must be indented to the
right under “(raw materials)”.
The next example is the design of organizational goals for a computer
shop that buys computers from manufacturing companies and sells them to customers.
Distribution: Buying computers from manufacturers
Distribution: Selling computers(Computer sold)
(Computers)
(Computers available for purchase)
(Customers)
The final output is “computers sold”. Notice that there are two main resources for the
process of selling computers. One is goods to be sold
(i.e., computers) and the other is customers.
Distribution: Buying computers from manufacturers
Distribution: Selling computers(Computer sold)
(Computers)
(Computers available for purchase)
(Customers)
For any selling process, the customer is ALWAYS one
of the main resources.
Notice how two resources (i.e., computers and customers)
are placed in the outline and how they are connected by a line.
The line shows that both of them are the main resources for the process,
(i.e., selling computers) and they are, in this sense, located at the same level.
Pay close attention to the connecting lines –
if they are at the same level (indented the same amount
of spaces) make sure they are the same in that they
are all resources or all processes.
In other words…
A resource and a process would NOT be indented and connected
at the same level.
A point worth repeating:
For any selling process, the customer is ALWAYS
one of the main resources.
Practice!!-Activity 9
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a university book store?
Explain on the sheet handed out in class.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Practice!!-Activity 9
Distribution: Buying books from a merchant
(Books sold)Distribution: Selling books
(Books)
(Books available for purchase)
Distribution: Buying books from a merchant
Distribution: Selling books(Books sold)
(Books)
(Books for sale)
(Customers)
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a small apparel shop? (click your choice below) A. B.
#74
A.
B.
Return to Table of Contents
Practice!!-Activity 9
Distribution: Buying books from a merchant
(Books sold)Distribution: Selling books
(Books)
(Books available for purchase)
Distribution: Buying books from a merchant
Distribution: Selling books(Books sold)
(Books)
(Books for sale)
(Customers)
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a university book store? (click your choice below) A. B.
A.
B.
Back to the question!
Sorry…review the checklist and give it another shot!
Practice!!-Activity 9
Distribution: Buying books from a merchant
(Books sold)Distribution: Selling books
(Books)
(Books available for purchase)
Distribution: Buying books from a merchant
Distribution: Selling books(Books sold)
(Books)
(Books for sale)
(Customers)
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a university book store? (click your choice below) A. B.
A.
B.
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Right!!! Every selling process
must have “customers” as one of the main
resources.
Some organizations manufacture goods and sell those goods. For example--the design of organizational goals for a hamburger shop. The final output is “hamburgers sold:”
(Cooked hamburgers)
(Customers)
Production: Cooking hamburgers
Distribution: Selling hamburgers(Hamburgers sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
Raw materials available for purchase
Practice!!-Activity 10
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a small apparel shop that sews clothing and sells them.
Explain your answer on the sheet handed out in class.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Pay close attention to the example and the following two outlines. (Sewed clothing)
(Customers)
Production: Sewing clothing
Distribution: Selling clothing(Clothing sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Raw materials available for purchase)
(Sewed clothing)
(Customers)
Production: Sewing clothing
Distribution: Selling clothing(Clothing sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a clothing store? (click your choice below) A. B.
#75
A.
B.
Return to Table of Contents
Pay close attention to the example and the following two outlines. (Sewed clothing)
(Customers)
Production: Sewing clothing
Distribution: Selling clothing(Clothing sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Raw materials available for purchase)
(Sewed clothing)
(Customers)
Production: Sewing clothing
Distribution: Selling clothing(Clothing sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a clothing store? (click your choice below) A. B.
A.
B.
Back to the question!
Sorry…review the checklist and give it another shot!
Pay close attention to the example and the following two outlines. (Sewed clothing)
(Customers)
Production: Sewing clothing
Distribution: Selling clothing(Clothing sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Raw materials available for purchase)
(Sewed clothing)
(Customers)
Production: Sewing clothing
Distribution: Selling clothing(Clothing sold)
(Raw materials)Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Raw materials available for purchase)
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for a clothing store? (click your choice below) A. B.
A.
B.
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Right on!!! “(Customers)” must be
placed at the same level as “(Sewed clothing)”.
Often you need more than one resource for a process.
For example… in order to cook hamburgers,
you may want to bake the bread yourself rather than buy the bread from some other organizations.
Then, you have to treat bread differently from other
materials that you buy from other organizations as you can see in the following example.
Distribution: Buying raw materials
Production: Baking bread
Production: Cooking hamburgers
Distribution: Selling hamburgers
(Customers)
(Hamburgers sold)
(Bread)
(Raw material for baking bread)
(Materials available for purchase)
(Other raw materials)
Distribution: Buying raw materials
(Materials available for purchase)
(Cooked hamburgers)
Practice!!-Activity 11
Let’s look at a company like Delta Airlines.
What would be the correct design for this organization? Explain your answer on the
sheet handed out in class.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
(People at departure airport)
(People at their destination airport)
Distribution: Flying people to their destination
(Pilots)(Airplanes)
(People at their destination airport)
Distribution: Flying people to their destination
(People at departure airport)
Pay close attention to the example and the following two outlines.
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for Delta Airlines? (click your choice below) A. B.
#76
Return to Table of Contents
(People at departure airport)
(People at their destination airport)
Distribution: Flying people to their destination
(Pilots)(Airplanes)
(People at their destination airport)
Distribution: Flying people to their destination
(People at departure airport)
Pay close attention to the example and the following two outlines.
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for Delta Airlines? (click your choice below) A. B.
Back to the question!
Sorry…review the checklist and give it another shot!
(People at departure airport)
(People at their destination airport)
Distribution: Flying people to their destination
(Pilots)(Airplanes)
(People at their destination airport)
Distribution: Flying people to their destination
(People at departure airport)
Pay close attention to the example and the following two outlines.
Which is the correct outline of the organizational goals for Delta Airlines? (click your choice below) A. B. On to the
next section!
Back to the previous question!
Yup!!! Pilots and airplanes are not main
resources. People at the airport are the main resource because they are what is distributed, not the pilots or
the airplane, at least not as the purpose of the airline.
Practice!!-Activity 12
Let’s try one that’s a little more difficult.
Consider a business that sells sunglasses.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
Practice!!-Activity 12This company not only sells
sunglasses that they purchase from other distributors,
but they also manufacture their own line of sunglasses,
using raw materials purchased from other suppliers.
Outline this organization.
For the final question, fill out the handout provided in class pertaining to selling sunglasses. Turn this in with your scantron, and your feedback sheet to your TA to receive full credit for today’s assignment.
#77
(_______________________)
Distribution: Sell sunglasses
(Unsold sunglasses)
__________:_________________
(Sunglasses for sale)
Production: Manufacturing Sunglasses
(Raw Materials)
Distribution: Purchasing raw materials
(___________________)
(____________________)
Return to Table of Contents
Let’s review what you’ve learned…
Review!!
For the following questions, select whether the statement
is either TRUE or FALSE.
Click to go back to your previous slide
Return to Table of Contents
The OUTPUT is the ultimate goal of the
organization; it is what the organization
is trying to accomplish. #78
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
The OUTPUT is the ultimate goal of the
organization; it is what the organization
is trying to accomplish.
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
Back to the question!
Sorry, that’s not it.
The OUTPUT is the ultimate goal of the
organization; it is what the organization
is trying to accomplish.
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Keep it up!!!
The PROCESS depicts how to accomplish
the ultimate goal (the output).
#79
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
The PROCESS depicts how to accomplish
the ultimate goal (the output).
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
Back to the question!
Sorry, try once more.
The PROCESS depicts how to accomplish
the ultimate goal (the output).
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Great work!!!
A way of sequencing organizational goals is to first select the ultimate goal
of the organization (the output),
then select how to achieve that goal (the process),
and finally select what is requiredto accomplish
that goal (the input). #8
0A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
A way of sequencing organizational goals is to first select the ultimate goal
of the organization (the output),
then select how to achieve that goal (the process),
and finally select what is requiredto accomplish
that goal (the input).
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
Back to the question!
Sorry…give it another shot!
A way of sequencing organizational goals is to first select the ultimate goal
of the organization (the output),
then select how to achieve that goal (the process),
and finally select what is requiredto accomplish
that goal (the input).
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
On to the next question!
Back to the previous question!
Correct!!!
The final output of your outline should be defined as
activities or process.
#81
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
The final output of your outline should be defined as
activities or process.
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
Back to the question!
Sorry…let’s give it another shot!
The final output of your outline should be defined as
activities or process.
A.True
B.False
Return to Table of Contents
On to the next section!
Back to the previous question!
Great job!!!
Review!!
For the following questions, use the provided sheet of paper entitled “Review” to
fill in the answers.
You will create an Input-Process-Output Model for the
following example….
Review!!
Review!!
Analyze the United Parcel Service
with a primary function of package delivery.
Review!!
First… define the final output.
Then… make an outline
of the goals for this organization.
Review!!
Hint: You need only two subsystems
for this: First they collect packages
from pickup sites…Then they deliver the packages
to the individuals.
Review!!
You will be given a short amount of time
to respond to the first part of the model…
Review!!
Then, you will have another opportunity
to continue filling out the model on your paper form
before you’ll have the opportunity to click on a hint
Review!!
Finally, you will have one final opportunity
to continue filling out the model on your paper form
before you’ll have the opportunity to see the final
completed model Click to start the activity!!
Analyze the United Parcel Service with a primary function of package delivery. Start here!!
Write your answer on the provided form titled “Review”
Click here to see the 1st answer
Analyze the United Parcel Service with a primary function of package delivery. What’s next???
Click here to see the next hint
Analyze the United Parcel Service with a primary function of package delivery. What’s next???
Click here to see the FINAL
completed input-process-output
model
This is the FINAL OUTPUT
of the organization
Analyze the United Parcel Service with a primary function of package delivery.
Is this what you wrote down on your form?
• Yes B. No
HINT: Input-Process-Output Model
United Parcel Service with a primary function of package delivery.
Is this what you wrote down on your form?
• Yes B. No
COMPLETED Input-Process-Output Model:
United Parcel Service with a primary function of package delivery.
Is this what you wrote down on your form?
• Yes B. No
Outline for Organizational Goals
When making the outline of organizational goals, ask yourself the following questions:
(1st) What do you want to accomplish?
Identify the final output in terms of things or conditions. Do not identify the final output in terms of a process or activity.
(2nd) How do you accomplish it? Identify process(es) that accomplish the goal.
(3rd) What do you need for the process?
Identify the main resources for the process. Don’t put other resources, such as line workers and tools used in the process. These other kinds of resources are analyzed later. Don’t forget customers as one of the main resources for any selling process.
Return to Table of Contents
Click to go back to your previous slide
Rules in outlining the structure of
organizational goals • The final output of the organization must be
placed on the top.• Outputs and inputs consist only of main
resources. • Outputs and inputs are put in parentheses.• Processes must be labeled.• Lower level must be indented to the right and
connected with a line.• Multiple resources or multiple processes
must be located at the same level and connected with a line.
Return to Table of Contents
Click to go back to your previous slide
(Overall Goal- Output)
Process:
(Input / Output)
Process:
Process:
Process:
(Input / Output)
(Input / Output)
(Input- Output ofexternal organizations)
Subsystem 1
Subsystem 2
Subsystem 3
Subsystem 4
Input-Process-Output Chain
Outline for Organizational Goals
When making the outline of organizational goals, ask yourself the following questions:
(1st) What do you want to accomplish?
Identify the final output in terms of things or conditions. Do not identify the final output in terms of a process or activity.
(2nd) How do you accomplish it? Identify process(es) that accomplish the goal.
(3rd) What do you need for the process?
Identify the main resources for the process. Don’t put other resources, such as line workers and tools used in the process. These other kinds of resources are analyzed later. Don’t forget customers as one of the main resources for any selling process.
Return to Table of Contents
Click to go back to your previous slide
Rules in outlining the structure of
organizational goals • The final output of the organization must be
placed on the top.• Outputs and inputs consist only of main
resources. • Outputs and inputs are put in parentheses.• Processes must be labeled.• Lower level must be indented to the right and
connected with a line.• Multiple resources or multiple processes
must be located at the same level and connected with a line.
Return to Table of Contents
Click to go back to your previous slide
(Overall Goal- Output)
Process:
(Input / Output)
Process:
Process:
Process:
(Input / Output)
(Input / Output)
(Input- Output ofexternal organizations)
Subsystem 1
Subsystem 2
Subsystem 3
Subsystem 4
Input-Process-Output Chain
Return to Table of Contents
Thank you for your time!!!
Please provide any feedback on the sheet handed out in class.
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