G8 Global Partnership Programs and
Radioactive Sources Management
April 11, 2013, Vienna, Austria
Anatoly Grigoriev
1.1
Works carried out in the Russian Federation
1
Activities Countries
Preparation of Andreeva Bay infrastructure for SNF
and RF removal
EBRD
Italy
Norway
Sweden
European Commission
Elimination of nuclear dangerous objects (SNF
unloading from FTB “Lepse”, Papa-class and
Oscar-II submarines, SNF preparation for treatment,
transportation)
EBRD
France
Italy
USA
Establishing RW handling infrastructure (reactor
compartments, SRW)
Germany
Italy
Japan
Russia
Creation of means of transportation for radiation
dangerous objects and nuclear material
Italy
USA
European Commission
Sweden
Summing up the results of ten-year cooperation under the G8
Global Partnership, Moscow, November 21-23, 2012
2
Perspective planning of the G8 Global Partnership in the nuclear
sector, Great Britain, February 2013
3
Areas of cooperation
Establishing the infrastructure to ensure NRS
Physical protection
Safe transport of nuclear material
Radiological (radiation) safety
Prevention of illicit trafficking of nuclear material
Nuclear and radiation security culture
1. Management of decommissioned nuclear submarine spent
nuclear fuel (SNF), including damaged fuel and reactor cores,
until a safe end point;
2. Lifting of sunken nuclear submarines and reactor compartments
containing SNF;
3. Lifting and dismantling sunken hazardous radiological objects;
4. Dismantlement of nuclear powered surface ships;
5. Recovery and disposal of radioisotopic thermal generators (RTG)
and other highly radioactive materials and radiological sources.
Environmental load and risksFocus of activities of the nuclear industry at the initial stage
Stages of atomic industry facilities operation
4
To develop the nuclear industry it is necessary to effectively solve the issues
of waste disposal and decommissioning of shut-down facilities
Min.
• Low level of environmental pressure
at enterprises of the nuclear fuel
cycle front end
• Low probability of radiation accidents
• Focus to the industrial safety
The front end of the fuel cycle (mining
& milling, conversion, enrichment,
fuel fabrication)
GenerationBack-end (SNF and RW
management, decommissioning)
Max.
Min.
Max.
?
• Relatively higher environmental load
and risks of radiation accidents
• Total development of passive and
active safety systems after the
Chernobyl accident
• Relatively higher environmental load
and risks of radiation accidents
• Need to address the issues of legacy
SNF, RW and decommissioning
• It is necessary to create a new model
SNF
RW
Nuclear and
radiation
hazardous
objects
Areas of the nuclear fuel cycle back-end
Legacy identificationLegacy identification
SNF unloaded from reactors
and written off the books of
the RF nuclear industry
enterprises before the
Federal Law FZ-131 entrance
into force,
Radioactive waste
accumulated before the
Federal Law FZ-190
entrance into force
Nuclear facilities
constructed before the
Federal Law FZ-131
entrance into force, as well
as orphan facilities using
nuclear energy
5
LegacyLegacy Federal propertyFederal property Commercial propertyCommercial property
• SNF from Russian
NPPs, research reactors
and nuclear fleet vessels
unloaded from reactors
before 2007.
• SNF from Russian NPPs
unloaded from reactors after
2007
• SNF from research reactors
and nuclear fleet vessels
unloaded after 2007
• All radioactive waste
generated before 2011.
• Future RW resulting from
legacy SNF reprocessing
• Future RW resulting from
legacy facilities
decommissioning
• Operating radioactive waste
resulting from the activities of
federal property facilities
• Future RW resulting from
federal SNF reprocessing
• Future RW resulting from
decommissioning of federal
nuclear and radiation
hazardous facilities
• Operating radioactive waste
resulting from the activities of
commercial facilities
• Future RW resulting from
commercial SNF reprocessing
• Future RW resulting from
decommissioning of
commercial nuclear and
radiation hazardous facilities
• The majority of facilities of
the industry, e.g. NPPs
• (Units 1-3 and all
infrastructure of Kalinin
NPP
• Facilities which are in federal
property and were
constructed after 2007
• Facilities in commercial
property constructed after
2007, e.g. Kalinin NPP Unit 4
Current situation in the field of radioactive waste management in Russia
Accumulated RW Annual generation of RW
CurrentlyMio. m3
LRW
Mio. tons
SRW
Accumulated
volume, total
including:
486 87
At the sites of
operating
organizations
485.5 86.5
At NPP sites 0.157 0.130
Other 0.213 0.370
NPPs
~ 130 thousand m3 of LRW,
~ 6.3 thousand tons of SRW
Nuclear fuel cycle facilities
~1.6 Mio. m3 of LRW, ~ 1.35 Mio. tons of SRW
Other
~ 1.3 Mio. m3 of LRW,~ 0.5 Mio. tons of SRW
NPPsNFC
facilitiesOther Total
LRW (Mio. m3) 0.13 1.6 1.3 3.0
SRW (Mio. m3) 0.006 1.35 0.05 1.4
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Russian enterprises – manufacturers of ionizing radiation sources
FSUE
‘Production
Association
“Mayak”
FSUE
Karpov
Institute of
Physical
Chemistry
JSC
“State
Scientific
Center NIIAR”
Ionizing
radiation
sources
Other
enterprises of
the industry Key manufacturers
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Industrial uses of ionizing radiation sources
Manufactures
Checking
Equipment
Nuclear
Installations Geological
exploration
Medical
Supplies
Static
Electricity
Removal
Exports
8
Sealed radioactive sources life cycle
Russian Federation Imports
Manufacturers
Use of sealed radioactive sources
(intended life-time)
Life-time extension
(NP-024)
Delivery to specialized
organizations
Old spent SRSs
manufactured in the
Russian Federation
Active part
removal
Bringing into compliance
with acceptance criteria
for disposal
Storage
FSUE “NO RAO”
Disposal
As of 01.01.2013
1887 organizations operating SRS
9
RW management system
10
Accumulated RW,
million m³
LRW
438
Preservation
Application of
criteria for
classification of
waste as
“special”
Initial registration of RW
and storage sites
SRW
72
“Special” RW
LRW- 95%
On-site
disposalSRW
“Retrievable” RW
LRW- 5% SRW
Treatment (solidification)
Conditioning
1. SRW is stored in 1 170 storage facilities.
2. LRW is stored in special tanks and pools, part of it in open
water reservoirs (420 million m³).
3. Complex sites:
- Lake Karachay;
- Techa reservoir cascade (Mayak);
- LWR storage pools (SCC, MCC);
- Tailings and pulp storage facilities (Priargunsky Mining and
Chemical Association , MSZ, NCCP);
- old repositories for SRW (Mayak, SCC, MCC).
4. Less than 30% of waste subject for treatment has been treated.
Generated waste,
million m³ per year
LRW
2.06
SRW
1.26
1. Accumulated waste (before 11.07.2011):
2. Generated waste (after 11.07.2011):
Treatment
Conditioning and
disposal
Disposal (deep injection)
1.2-1.5 million m³ per year
“Special” waste
placement sites “Special” waste
“preservation” sites
RW disposal site
~90%
~10%
Disposal in
RWDF
~ 0.1
Legislative instruments regulating management of radioactive
substances and ionizing radiation sources
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the Use of Atomic Energy” of November
21,1995 No. 170-FZ.
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom”” of
December 01, 2007 No. 317-FZ.
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Radioactive Waste Management” of July 15, 2011
No.190-FZ
The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 11, 1997 No. 1298 “On Approving
Regulations on Organizing the System of State Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and
Radioactive Waste”
“Regulations on State Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Waste in the
Russian Federation”. Registered in the RF Ministry of Justice on November 11, 1999 No. 1976.
“Main Principles of Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Waste in an
organization” (NP-067-05). Approved by Rostechnadzor Regulation of December 26, 2005 No. 18.
The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2012 No. 1186 “On the Return
to the Russian Federation of a Spent Sealed Radiation Source manufactured in the Russian Federation,
and the Return of a Spent Sealed Radiation Source to the Country of the Supplier of a Sealed Radiation
Source”.
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Construction of radioactive waste disposal facilities
Novouralsk
Seversk
LRW Deep Injection Disposal Site
Potential sites for radioactive waste disposal facilities
Underground laboratory
Near-surface final isolation facility (short-lived ILW and LLW)
Deep geological disposal facility (long-lived ILW и HLW)
ZheleznogorskConstruction of near-surface RW disposal facility near
JSC “UEIP”
• In accordance with Article 40 of the Federal Law No. 190-FZ
(transfer of ownership of the existing RW disposal facilities
by July 15, 2013) radioactive waste long-term storage
facilities are being transferred into operational control
• Design and survey works are being carried out on the first-
stage facilities for RW final isolation in Nizhnekansky massif,
Krasnoyarsk Territory (underground research laboratory)
• Construction of the first stage of neat-surface RW disposal
facility near JSC “UEIP” is underway
• Thirty potential sites for radioactive waste disposal facilities
have been identified in 17 constituents of the Russian
Federation (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tomsk Region, Irkutsk
Region, Chelyabinsk Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Saratov
Region, Leningrad Region, Arkhangelsk Region, Nenets
Autonomous Area, Astrakhan Region, Primorsky Territory,
Kaluga Region, Kursk Region).
-LRW Deep Injection Disposal
Site “Severny”,
-Construction of the first-stage
facilities of Final Isolation
Facility (Nizhnekansky massif)
LRW Deep Injection Disposal Pilot Site
Dimitrovgrad
12
To develop acceptance criteria
To approve the provisions for the transfer of spent
sealed radioactive sources for recycling
To identify the requirements for technical expertise
To build infrastructure for RW disposal
Establishing IRS transportation system
IRS delivery from the airport to a specialized organization and/or
disposal facility is carried out by special vehicles in transportation
casks to ensure safety and security in accordance with Federal
Rules and Regulations of Safe Transport of Radioactive
Substances (NP-053), as well as with Regulations of Physical
Protection of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Waste
(NP-073).
Establishing the system of state accounting and control of radioactive
substances and radioactive waste
14
RF Government
SC “Rosatom”
Director General
Deputy Director General
Law enforcement and
regulatory authorities
MOJ
Executive bodies of
RF constituents
Federal executive
authorities
Rosstat
Regional information &
analytical centers
Central information
& analytical center
Staff training
Department for Nuclear and
Radiation Safety, Organization of
Licensing and Approval
Departmental
information &
analytical centers
Target results of the future strategy for the back end of the nuclear
fuel cycle
Disposition of SNF, RW and D&D legacy•Legacy SNF – disposition of the whole legacy SNF volume by 2070;
•D&D– bringing or conducting works to bring all the legacy nuclear and radiation hazardous
facilities to the final state by 2070, excluding operating facilities;
•Legacy RW – disposition of the whole legacy radioactive waste volume by 2070.
Formation of infrastructure of SNF and RW management•Creation of SNF disposition infrastructure sufficient for the disposition of the whole legacy SNF
and annually generated SNF. It is planned to construct a Pilot Demonstration Center, RT-2 and a
Centralized Storage Complex;
•Creation of RW disposal infrastructure sufficient for the disposal of all removable legacy RW and
annually generated RW. It is planned to construct a federal geological disposal facility for HLW
and long-lived ILW; at least six regional near-surface disposal facilities for LLW and short-lived
ILW.
Development of the institutional model and regulatory basis with due
consideration for international cooperation
16
In the context of the slide the “disposition” means bringing an object to
a predetermined target state
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