Fuel Sources & Exercise Metabolism
Table3.7 Major characteristics of the human energy systems
ATP-PCr Lactic Acid
Oxygen Oxygen
Main energy source ATP, PCr CHO CHO Fat
Intensity level Highest High Lower Lowest
Rate of ATP Production
Highest High Lower Lowest
Power Highest High Lower Lowest
ATP Capacity Lowest Low High Highest
Endurance Capacity Lowest Low High Highest
O2 Needed No No Yes Yes
Track Event 100 m 200-800 m 5,000 m Ultra
Time 1-10 s 30-120 s >5 min hours
Table 3.8 Percentage contribution of anaerobic and aerobic energy sources during different time periods of maximal work
Time 10 sec
1
min
2
min
4
min
10 min
30 min
50 min
130 min
Anaerobic
Aerobic
85
15
70
30
50
50
30
70
15
85
5
90
2
98
1
99
Energy Stores In the Average Man
Mass (lb)
Energy (kJ)
Energy (kcal)
Rx Time (Min)
Liver Glycogen
0.22 1,600 400 20
Muscle Glycogen
0.88 6,400 1,600 80
Blood Glucose
0.022 160 40 2
Fat 23 390,000 93,000 4,900
Protein 18.75 142,000 34,000 1,800
Some Possible Causes of Fatigue During Exercise
• Increased formation of depressant neurotransmitters– Increased serotonin levels
• Decreased levels of energy substrates– Phosphocreatine– Muscle glycogen– Blood-sugar level– Branched-chain amino acids
Fatigue Sites Cont’d
• Disturbed intracellular environment– Impaired calcium recycling
• Disturbed acid-base balance– Increased H+ due to lactic acid
• Decreased oxygen transport– Decreased blood volume due to dehydration
• Increased core temperature– Decreased cooling due to dehydration
• Disturbed electrolyte balance– Increased or decreased concentration due to sweat
losses and H2O replacement
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