Freshwater Freshwater 101101
All water can be divided into …
Saltwater vs. FreshwaterSaltwater vs. FreshwaterSaltwater:Saltwater:
Salinity is around 2.7% salt (NaCl)
Freshwater 101:Freshwater 101:
Freshwater 101:Freshwater 101:
Standing Water: Open Water
wholly aquatic Ponds & lakes
Wetlands partly terrestrial Marsh, Carr,
swamp, bog, fen
Freshwater 101:Freshwater 101:
Flowing Water: Water on the move;
following gravity from rain water to ground water to waterways, eventually to a lake or to the ocean.
Along the way:
Brooks / Creeks Brooks / Creeks Streams Streams Rivers Rivers
Lakes / OceansLakes / Oceans
The Water Cycle:The Water Cycle:
Processes We Should Know:Processes We Should Know: Evaporation, transpiration, condensation,
precipitation, infiltration.
The Water Cycle:The Water Cycle:
Water Table:Water Table: the top of the water surface in the saturated
part of an aquifer Runoff:Runoff:
water that travels across the land surface to rivers, lakes and the ocean
Surface Water:Surface Water: Water that does not infiltrate soil (lakes,
streams, wetlands, etc.)
The Water Cycle:The Water Cycle:
Watersheds:Watersheds:
A geographic area in which all water running off the land drains to a specific location: creek, river, stream.
Drainage Basins:Drainage Basins:
A large-scale watershed
Drainage Basins of Southern Ontario:Drainage Basins of Southern Ontario:
Watersheds:Watersheds: (con’t) (con’t)
Stream Order:Stream Order: Streams are classified by their tributaries
First Order:First Order: No tributaries Second Order:Second Order: two 1st order streams merge Third Order:Third Order: two 2nd order streams merge
Watersheds:Watersheds: (con’t) (con’t)
Why is it crucial to take a “watershed approach” when investigating water-based issues?
Who should be involved in decisions about watersheds?
The End!!The End!!
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