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Page 1: French revolution

The French Revolution

1789-1815

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French Revolution • 10.2.3

You will learn• How the ideas of the Enlightenment led to

Revolutions in America and France.

• Learning Objective Students will list the causes of the French

Revolution.

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Warm Up #1: Ch 3 Section 1

French Society Divided

1. Which group made up the 1st Estate? (p.108)2. Which group made up the 2nd Estate?(p.108)3. Which group made up the 3rd Estate? (p.108)4. Which two Estates did not have to pay taxes?

(p.108-109)5. Who targeted and criticized the Church during

the Enlightenment? (.109)6. Which estate did the bourgeoisie belong to?

(p.109)7. What was the bourgeoisie?(p.109)8. What groups were a part of the bourgeoisie?

(p.109)

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Spreads to the rest ofEurope

Spreads to 13 American Colonies

EnlightenmentStarts in Great Britain

American RevolutionBritain vs American Colonies

French RevolutionThe People vs Monarchy

Who does the government get its Power from?

PEOPLE

1776-1781 1789-1799

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FranceAmerican Revolution

French Revolution

Britain

•The French helped the AmericanColonists win the American Revolution.•But the Americans didnot help the French during The French Revolution

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France

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France

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Just as the Scientific Revolution paved the way for the

Enlightenment …

Paving the way!

…Enlightenment ideas paved the way for the French Revolution.

Revolution

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Enlightenment Ideas

GovernmentGets power from

People“Popular Sovereignty”

People have natural RightsLife, Liberty, Property

People have the right toOverthrow a govt. who does

Not protect their rights

SpeechSeparation of Powers Elections

Legislative, ExecutiveJudicial

Checks and Balances

religion

press

Democracy

Republic

American Revolution

French Revolution

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Causes of the French Revolution

Inequalities among classes:

Third Estateready to revolt!

SoaringNational debt =

deficit spending

Enlightenment Ideas:*Natural Rights

and equality!

Louis XVI failed economic reform

Locke: Natural Rights=life liberty and property.Voltaire:Battled corruption,injustice and inequality.

American Revolution

Formation of the National Assembly

Storming the Bastille

Soaring Food Prices:

Bread riots

Bad Harvest

Hunger and Poverty

Causes of the French Revolution

Tennis Court Oath

Estates-General

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French Society Divided

Before the French Revolution, France operated under a social

system in which there were three classes of people. The highest was

made up of the clergy, the next was composed of the nobility and the

lowest was for everyone else. Members of this lowest class, called the

Third Estate, paid all of the taxes.

The French RevolutionSection 1: On the Eve of Revolution

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French Society Divided 1st Estate (Clergy) = Church leaders

• Enjoyed wealth and land • Paid no direct taxes to the state • High church leaders were usually nobles • Condemned the Enlightenment for undermining religion

2nd Estate (Nobles):

• Usually knights that defended land = royal military • Given top jobs in the government, the army, courts and the

church • Paid no direct taxes to the state

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The Third Estate

3rd Estate (Peasants and Bourgeoisie = upper working class):

• Most diverse social class • Bourgeoisie = Merchants, bankers, manufactures, lawyers,

doctors, professors, journalist = (upper working class) • Poorest members= journeymen, apprentices, servants,

construction workers and street sellers = (urban workers) • High unemployment

*They paid all of the taxes

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French Society

1st Estate Clergy

2nd Estate: Nobles

Third Estate: Everyone else

Atlantic Ocean

MediterraneanSeaSpain

Great Britain

English Channel

France1700s

Paris

• Versailles

Seine R.

Pyrenees Mts.

Alps

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Estates (Social Classes) in France

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

LandOwnership

Taxation Population

ClergyNobilityCommoners

Third Estate

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Eur

ope

What is the significance/importance of this cartoon?

It shows how the king, 1st Estate, and the 2nd Estate abused, used anddepended on the 3rd Estate

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Direct Causes of the Direct Causes of the French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Causes1. Inequalities between the1st, 2nd, 3rd estates or

three social classes. 2. Monarchy Deficit Spending France suffered from soaring debt during the lavish reigns of Louis XIV, Louis XV, and

Louis XVI. Finally, Louis XVI was forced to summon the Estates-General in hopes of ending the debt crisis.

3.Hunger and Poverty Bad Harvests = majority of people were broke and hungry >>>> Leads to Bread Riots and nobles’ fear of taxes.

4. Reform fails! Estates-General dead-locked and can not agree on issue of voting.

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Indirect Causes of the Indirect Causes of the French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Enlightenment ideas of John Locke: *It is the elected government's responsibility to protect the peoples natural rights and if it does not fill this obligation or violates the peoples natural rights, then the people have the right to overthrow that government.

American Revolution ideas of liberty and equality.

*( U.S. Constitution was signed 2 yrs before, in 1787)

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*Many members of the Third Estate were inspired by Enlightenment ideas.

a) They wanted representation in government.b) They no longer believed monarchs had “divine right” = belief that their ruler’s power comes from God!c) They were inspired by the American Revolution

No more divine right!

“The Enlightenment of the Third Estate”

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The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793

Louis XVI & Marie Louis XVI & Marie AntoinetteAntoinette

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King Louis XVI

• This king was spoiled and weak.

• He led France deeply into debt through his severe deficit spending =(spending more $dinero$ than you have).

• He had to call on the Estates- General to help fix some problems, but his reforms failed.

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Last time it was called into Last time it was called into session was 1614!session was 1614!

King Louis XVI calls the King Louis XVI calls the Estates-General Estates-General

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Estates-General

• The King told the Estates General to make a list of all their problems* 3rd Estates main problem is representation.

• Largest group with only one vote in the Estates General• 3rd estate wanted each person’s vote to count • The 1st and 2nd estates did note want to hear what the 3rd estate had to

say or compromise on voting fairly.

To protest the unfair voting the Third Estate tells the king to “get lost” and they make their own government calling themselves the National Assembly.

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Estates GeneralEstates General

King Louis XVI called all three Estates King Louis XVI called all three Estates together to vote on how to fix the issues together to vote on how to fix the issues France was facing.France was facing.

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France’s Population France’s Estates Representatives

First estate: clergySecond estate: noblesThird Estate: everyone else

1 vote

1 vote1 vote

1% 2%

97%

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Estates - General

• Estates-General Made up of the 3

Estates Unfair for 3rd

Estate• Because the 1st

and 2nd Estates out vote the 3rd

1 vote

1 vote

1 vote

First estate: clergySecond estate: noblesThird Estate: everyone else

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The Estates-General Fails!

• The Estates-General could not agree on a fair way to vote, so members of the Third Estate finally declared themselves as the new National Assembly, the new government of France that would represent the majority of the people. They were joined by some reform-minded clergy and nobles as well.

• Tennis Court Oath = Then they met at a near by indoor tennis court and they swore never to separate until they created a constitution.

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Tennis Court Oath

I promise to…

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““The Tennis Court Oath”The Tennis Court Oath”

The National Assembly promised never to The National Assembly promised never to give up, until they had created a lasting give up, until they had created a lasting Constitution! Constitution!

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Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille July 14, 1789July 14, 1789

*The Third Estate *The Third Estate acted on a rumor acted on a rumor that the king was that the king was planning a military planning a military coup against the coup against the National Assembly.National Assembly.

*The Third Estate *The Third Estate attacks the Bastille, attacks the Bastille, because it has because it has gunpowder and gunpowder and weapons they need weapons they need to fight the to fight the Revolution.Revolution.

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The Bastille

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The Great Fear: Peasant RevoltThe Great Fear: Peasant Revolt(July 20, 1789)(July 20, 1789)

*Rumors that the King and the nobles were sending their *Rumors that the King and the nobles were sending their military to attack peasants, pillage their land and put military to attack peasants, pillage their land and put down the revolt.down the revolt.

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The French Revolution Unfolds

• Inflamed by famine (starvation) and fear peasants unleashed their fury on the nobles who were trying to regain power.

• Factions or dissenting groups (people with different ideas) fought for control of the government.

• The Declaration of Rights of Man was issued by the new National Assembly.

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““The Third Estate The Third Estate Awakens”Awakens”

They proclaimed themselves the They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly”“National Assembly” of France. of France.

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Marie Antoinette

• Although people were starving and the country was broke, the royal family showed off their wealth and continued to spend money.

• Queen Marie Antoinette : lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance.

• *The angry women marched on to the King and Queen’s palace in Versailles, Paris, demanding “Bread!”

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Bread was a main part of the French diet!

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% of Income Spent on Bread

17871788

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Bread riots

• People were hungry; the country was broke.

• Marie Antoinette said, “let them eat cake!”

• This picture is from an all-woman bread riot.

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What is the significance/importance of this cartoon?It shows how the other European rulers feared the spread of the French Revolution

Catherine of Russian, the Pope, King Leopold, and King George IIIThe Revolution is portrayed as the Bubonic Plague (diseased Rats)

with the main killing machine, (guillotine) as the tail

GuillotineFrench Rats

“The French Plague”

*Textbook p.118

Monarchs from other European countries

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1. List the rights that French men gained as a result of the Declaration of the Rights of Man? (115)

• Life, liberty, property

2. How did the Constitution of 1791 change the monarchy? (117)

• It went from an absolute monarchy to a limited monarchy

(Constitutional Monarchy)

3. What new powers did the Legislative Assembly have? (117)

• Collect taxes, and declare war or peace

4. What did King Louis try to do in June 1791? (118)

• He tried to escape in disguise, but was caught and sent back to Paris. He was now hated more than ever. He became a traitor.

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789)

• The National Assembly created their own Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen modeled after TJ’s “Declaration of Independence”.

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen:

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

The slogan/motto of the French Revolution 1789

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Declaration of the Rights of Man Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789

The rep resentatives of the French people, organ ized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of gove rnments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natur al, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constan tly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestab le principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen:

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Articles:

1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.

2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.

4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.

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5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do an ything not p rovided for by law.

6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to part icipate persona lly, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protec ts or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of th eir virtues and t alents.

7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or cau sing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offe nse.

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8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.

9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.

10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.

11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.

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12. The securi ty of the rights of man and of the citizen req uires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the p ersonal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted .

13. A common contribution (taxes) is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the c ost of administration. This shoul d be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.

14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the nece ssity of the public contribution ; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of c ollection and the duration of the taxes.

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15. Society has the right to re quire of every public agent an account of his administration.

16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separa tion of powers defined, has no constitution at all.

17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived there of except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then o nly on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified

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Constitution of 1791

• The National Assembly fulfills the promise Tennis Court Oath.

• The new Legislative Assembly is created to make laws, collect taxes and decide on issues of war and peace.

• The new French Constitution of 1791 makes many reforms or changes to the way the government operates.

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Political• Declared all males were

equal before the law• Limited the power of the

monarchy• Established the Legislative

Assembly to make laws and collect taxes

• Granted all tax-paying male citizens the right to elect members of the Legislative Assembly

Social and Economic

• Abolished special privileges of the nobility

• Announced an end to Feudalism

• Taxes will be levied on ability to pay them

Reforms made by the National Assembly

ReformsReforms are changes made to fix laws and the way a gov’t system operates.

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Religious

•Declared freedom of religion•Took over and sold church lands•Placed the French Catholic Church under the power of the state•Clergy was to be elected and received government salaries

Reforms made by the National Assembly: (Continued)

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National AssemblyNow France has Three Branches of Government

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Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791& the National Assembly. 1791

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Warm Up

What type of government did the san-cullotes demand by 1791? (119)

• Republic

How did the Legislative Assembly try to spread the revolution in 1792? (119)

• They declared war on Prussia, Austria and Britain.

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1791:

The Legislative Assembly, split into three general groups.

Radicals Moderates Conservatives

Political Factions = groups with different ideas.

(Liberals)

“Right wing”“Left wing”

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The extreme radicals were the sans-culotte.

The extreme conservatives were the émigrés.

Political Extremes

•The sans-culotte push the revolution into the radical phase,they demanded a republic - No Monarchy!

Monarchs, Clergy and Nobles

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The Legislative Assembly eventually gave up the idea offorming a limited monarchy and was forced to turn control over to the radicals; the new governing body called itself the

National ConventionNational Convention..

Radicals create the National Convention

Radicals that want toAbolish the Monarchy!

Want to create a Republic!

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The National Convention abolished themonarchy and declared France a republic.

France is a republic!

Sept. 1792: France becomes a Republic!

The King and Queen were executed!

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Robespierre won the power struggle; attemptswere made to destroy all traces of the monarchyand nobility. That led to the Reign of Terror.

1793 - 1794

“Radical”

Radicals killed over 17,000with the guillotine!

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“Revolutions devour their own children.”

July 28, 1794:Robespierre himself became a victimof the guillotine = execution device; a large bladeslides down a track from above chopping the head off the body.

End of the Reign of Terror

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The Directory

• Many of the victims of the Reign of Terror were fellow radicals who had fallen out of favor with Robespierre and the radical Jacobins.

• The National Convention arrested Robespierre and his allies, convicted them of treason, and executed them.

• A group of moderate minded men seized power and ruled from 1795 to 1799 under a new government called the Directory.

• The Directory sought a middle way between the Ancien Regime and radical revolution but had little success.

• In Nov 1799,Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup d’etat and seized power.

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*Moderate leaders drafted a new Constitution, which set up a new government the Directory and a two house legislature.All power was put into the hands of the Directory.

1795: The Directory

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Though corrupt, the Directory did provideFrance with a period of order.They also found the right general to commandFrance’s armies:

Napoleon Bonaparte

A New General

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Napoleon (1769-1821)

• Napoleon was an officer under King Louis XVI and had become a general at age 24.

• He then led the French army in many successful battles

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But that wasn’t enough –Napoleon wanted MORE power.

1804:

With the support of the French voters,Napoleon made himself emperor.

More power!

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Napoleon (1769-1821)

• In 1799, he returned to France and joined the Directory, but when Austria, Russia, and Britain formed a coalition to attack France and end the Revolution, Napoleon staged a coup (to overthrow the government)

• He overthrew the Directory, imposed a new constitution, and named himself first consul

• *In 1802, he became consul for life and in 1804 crowned himself emperor.

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Napoleon’s Coronation

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France under Napoleon

• Brought stability to France• Napoleonic Code = established the Civil Code of laws which further

stabilized France• Confirmed many of the moderate revolutionary policies of the

National Assembly but removed many measures passed by the more radical Convention.

• Affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men• Made peace with the Catholic Church

Through the Concordat with the pope in 1801 France would retain freedom of religion Established a merit-based society in which individuals qualified for

education and employment because of talent rather than birth or social standing

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Napoleon as Authoritarian

• Limited free speech and used censorship of newspapers

• Established a secret police force and detained thousands of political opponents

• Manipulated public opinion through systematic propaganda

• Surrounded himself with loyal military officers

• Set his family above and apart from the French people

Joseph Fouche, head of Napoleon’s secret police

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French Expansion: 1791-French Expansion: 1791-17991799

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End of Napoleon’s Empire

• In 1812, Napoleon decided to invade Russia, believing that the Russians were siding with the British.

• Napoleon and his “Grand Army” of 600,000 soldiers captured Moscow, but the Russians refused to surrender. Instead, Russians used the Scorched-Earth Policy=

burned their cities, leaving Napoleon without food, supplies or shelter.

• Napoleon was forced to retreat Defeated by “General Winter” Only 30,000 soldiers made it back to France

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End of Napoleon's Empire

• The defeat in Russia sparked a coalition (combined effort) of British, Austrian, Prussian, and Russian armies to converge on France

• Forced Napoleon to abdicate (to give up) his throne in April 1814

• He was then exiled to Elba island in the Mediterranean Sea, but he escaped and fought one last battle in attempts to regain his power.

• Waterloo was Napoleon’s last battle where he lost to British and Prussian armies in Waterloo, Belgium.

• He was then exiled for life to another island further away in the South Atlantic Ocean (St. Helena)

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End of Napoleon’s Empire

An episode from the retreat from Russia, by Nicolas-Toussaint Charlet

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1815:Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo.

His “Waterloo”

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End of Napoleon’s Empire

• The coalition restored the French monarchy and exiled Napoleon to the island of Elba, near Corsica

• In March 1815, Napoleon escaped, returned to France, and reconstituted his army

• This time the British defeated him at Waterloo and banished Napoleon to the remote island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic

• He died in 1821

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Effects of the French Revolution

• Both the King and Queen were beheaded!

• The French Monarchy was no more.

• In addition to the Royal family, 17,000 people were executed with the guillotine.

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Effects of the French Rev.

• The Enlightenment ideals and the American and French Revolutions also influenced: The Saint Domingue slave revolt Simon Bolivar in South America The abolition movement The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the

Female Citizen Elizabeth Cady Stanton and women’s rights

movements

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=

• Paris

3 Estates

=

• Versailles

Oct. 5, 1789: Paris Women march to

Versailles to protest the high cost of bread

Reign of TerrorGuillotine, which was use on King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

1st Estate: clergy2nd Estate: nobles3rd Estate: everyone else

Taxes and high costs of bread causes poverty

and hunger, then riots

1789 People of Paris storm the

Bastille

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Compare and ContrastObjective Type of

WarfareReligion Philo-

sophical Rationale and Declara-

tions

Interna-tional

Reaction

Immedi-ate and Long-term

Results

Am Rev

Fr Rev

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1. In 18th Century French society, which estate had to pay taxes?

A. FirstB. SecondC. ThirdD. fourth

2. Name the king and queen of France during this time.A. King John and Queen MaryB. King Louis 16 and Marie AntoinetteC. King William and Queen Marie

3. Define bourgeoisie.4. The clergy was a part of what estate?5. The nobility was a part of what estate?

Pop Quiz #4 French Estates

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6. The ideas of which movement caused people challenge the Church and the Monarchy?

A. Glorious RevolutionB. EnlightenmentC. Industrial RevolutionD. American Revolution

7. Give an example of deficit spending?8. The Third Estate created their own government called what?

A. The Third Convention B. National AssemblyC. Estates-General

9. Why did the Third Estate attack the Bastille?10. Which estate took the Tennis Court Oath and what was it?

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1. Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution?

a) Economic depression (bad harvest, high cost of food, unemployment

b) National Debt (due to wars and royalty costs)

c) King Louis’ assassination (By the Third Estate)

d) Enlightenment (new ideas: people have rights)

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2. Why was voting in the Estates General unfair for the 3rd Estate?

a) They weren’t allowed to vote

b) They were only allowed one vote

c) Because only the doctors and lawyers could vote

d) Because the 1st and 2nd estate had more votes

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3. What did the National assembly promise to do in the Tennis Court Oath?

a) To abolish the monarchy and set up a republic

b) To never separate and create a constitution

c) To declare war on Great Britain

d) To guillotine King Louis XVI

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4. Why was the attack on the Bastille an important event?

a) It showed the people’s power

b) It showed the Revolution had begun

c) It showed that the people wanted to be independent from the king.

d) All of the above

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5. What caused the king to call the Estates General?

a) Enlightenment ideas

b) New Laws

c) Problem with national debt, and taxes

d) American-Revolution

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France

2. Name and Describe the social classes

1. Name the type of Government = Monarchy

1st Estate 2nd Estate

3rd Estate

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France

“We promise to never separate and to create a Constitution”

August: National Assembly votes to endSpecial privileges and

DeclarationOf RightsOf Man

And Citizen

3. This action caused the beginning

of the Revolution

4. Who attacked this building and why? Explain what is happening

National Assembly

The Bastille

Tennis Court Oath

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Constitution of

1791

Limited Monarchy

N.A. Takes control

Legislative AssemblyMake laws

Collect taxesDecide on War

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Radicals take control of the Legislative Assembly

And set up a

Republic

Prussia, Britain, and Austria

VSFrance

That’s why were gonna kill’em,

in the big nine-three

Ya down with King Louis?

Hell no, not me

Male suffrage

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King Louis & Maria Antoinette are

Guillotined

Monarchy is Abolished

17,000executed

Committee of Public Safety

RobespierreLive by the guillotine, die by the guillotine

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Constitution Of 1795• 5 Man Directory

(Weak)

Émigrés ReturnGain power in Legislative Assembly

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Constitution Of 1795• 5 Man Directory(Weak)

Émigrés ReturnGain power in Legislative Assembly

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Estates (Social Classes)

1st Estate

2nd Estate

3rd EstatePaid all of the

Taxes

Paid

No Taxes

PaidNo Taxes

Bourgeoisie

King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie AntoinetteLoved to spend money$$$

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Sans-culottes

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King Louis XVI

Marie Antoinette

Robespierre

Napoleon

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Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Black SeaFrance

Absolute Monarchy

Limited Monarchy

Great Britain

Ireland

AustrianEmpire

Prussia

SpainPor

tuga

l

Nor

way

Sw

eden

Russia

OttomanEmpire

Denmark

Poland

Switz

Ottoman Empire

Paris

Palace of Versailles

1789French

Revolution

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Absolute Monarchy

Limited Monarchy

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

France

Great Britain

Ireland

AustrianEmpire

Prussia

SpainPor

tuga

l

Nor

way

Sw

eden

OttomanEmpire

Denmark

Poland

Switz

Black Sea

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Paris

Palace of Versailles

1789French

Revolution

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Absolute Monarchy

Limited Monarchy

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

France

Great Britain

Ireland

AustrianEmpire

Prussia

SpainPor

tuga

l

Nor

way

Sw

eden

OttomanEmpire

Denmark

Poland

Switz

Black Sea

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Paris

Palace of Versailles

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Absolute Monarchy

Limited Monarchy

Black Sea

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

France

Great Britain

Ireland

AustrianEmpire

Prussia

SpainPor

tuga

l

Nor

way

Sw

eden

OttomanEmpire

Denmark

Poland

Switz

Paris

Palace of Versailles

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1. All citizens of Athens had the right to vote in the assembly. What is this an example of ? Republic Militarism monarchy democracy

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2. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in The teachings of Lao Tzu Monotheism and ethical conduct reincarnation A prohibition on the consumption of pork

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3. Who believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of philosopher kings? Plato Lao Tzu Thomas Aquinas Muhammad

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4. Which of the following is a concept from Athens that is central to Western political thought today Individuals should fight against nature Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are

of great importance Individual recognition impedes societal

progress Individuals play and insignificant role

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5. Which of the following governments does not involve rule by a group? Democracy Aristocracy Oligarchy Monarchy

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6. What was the international effect of the ratification of the US Constitution? It abolished slavery It caused all nations to establish state religions It made the idea governing though a single

written constitution popular. It ended the monarchy in England

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7. What document from the American Revolution is the most imitated and most used in other national constitutions? The Articles of Confederation The Declaration of Independence The US Bill of Rights The Federalist Papers

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8. What legacy has the US Constitution had in most foreign countries? It provided a model for the establishment of a

government by written law. It provided a model of separation of Church and State It provides a model for the separation of powers. It helped to abolish monarchy and dictatorship in

virtually all the nations of the world

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9. When a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, its is adhering to the constitutional principle of ? Popular sovereignty Direct democracy Federalism Separation of powers

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10. The ideas of John Locke and Rousseau influenced Simon Bolivar in his commitment to Maintain the peaceful rule of the Spanish Fight for democratic revolution in Latin America Negotiate a social contract between Spain and Latin

America Urge the Venezuelan govt. to separate into 3

branches

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11. Solons helped to spread… Only ideas of the philosphes Only the ideas of political scientists Enlightenment ideas The geocentric theory

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12. The philosophes used reason to address Abusive rulers Social issues British taxes All of the above

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13. The English philosopher John Locke argued that life, liberty and property are.. Social rights guaranteed by the ruling class Natural rights that should be protected by

government Political rights to be granted as determined by

law Economic rights earned in a capitalistic

system

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14. What is the significant of the Magna Carta? It approved money for wars in France It allowed the monarch to abolish Paliament It limited the power of the pope It asserted that the monarch must obey the law

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15. The term “unalienable rights” in the Declaration of Independence refers to rights that… Immigrants do not possess A government grants its people A government cannot take away

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16. In English history, the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the Bill of Rights all reinforced the concept of… Universal suffrage Religious toleration a laissez-faire economy A limited monarchy

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17. Both, the United States Declaration of Independence and French Declaration of the Rights of Man emphasized the idea that governments must Operate on a system of checks and balances Guarantee economic prosperity Protect the rights of people Support established religious beliefs

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18. The success of the formation of the US govt after the American Revolution served as an example to the peoples of Europe that

It was possible to set up a govt. based upon Enlightenment ideas

The social distinctions between the nobility and peasants was invalid and unnecessary

Building a nation on the concept of economic prosperity can be successful

All of the above

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19. Unlike the French Revolution, the American Revolution produced … Women’s suffrage Short term military rule A lasting constitution Strategic alliances

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20. The principles of the America Revolutionand the French Revolution are similar in many ways…Which of the following best summarizes their similarities Both supported equal rights for women Both favored representative govt. Both retained certain hereditary rights for

aristocrats Both limited voting rights to an economic elite