FOKUS
Autonomic Communication Principles for Service Composability Management in
Cognitive & Autonomic NetworkingMikhail Smirnov
E3
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 2
E3DisclaimerDisclaimer
• E3 - End-to-End Efficiency,
FP7 Call 1 Integrated project Coordintor: Dr. Didier Bourse, MotorolaProposal Number: 216248Strategic Objective: ICT-2007.1.1 - Network of the Future
• The views and statements expressed in this presentation are not legally endorsed by the E3 consortium and should be regarded as individual contributions and work items planned in the E3 project.
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 3
E3RoadmapRoadmap
• Cognitive meets autonomic: the E3 view
• Motivating ecosystem as a new unit of design
• Examples of eco-driven design
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 4
E3
“Translate policy rules into radio behavior controls” and “control
operating rules based on policies and situations”
[Preston Marshall, DARPA XG]
Organic growth of coverage: 20 millions of installed APs, growth – tens of mio per year
[Gunnar Karlsson, KTH]Service
Network
User
User
The The ServiceService face of the Net face of the Net
User
Energy market: hour-to-hour exchange demand.Licensed „spectrum commodity secondary market“: near-real-time demand?
[Bill Lane, FCC]
Self-management by informed autonomic decisions through
„distributed continuous query processing“
[Timothy Roscoe,Intel]
“New EcoSystem is evolving, new ways of interaction, in which network orchestrates" [Joelle Gauthier, Alcatel]
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 5
E3Cognitive meets Autonomics Cognitive meets Autonomics
RadioRadio MultiMediaMultiMedia
ServiceCreationServiceCreation
After Raymond Steele „Full ahead to where?“,TKN wireless colloqium, TU Berlin, 25.10.00
Software Radio of the 21st century A: “Service creation per service element”
After Graca Carvalho, Cisco SystemsCEC FP7 Consultation
Q: Single, most needed enhancement of the Internet technology?
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 6
E3Ecosystems!Ecosystems!
All IP
Services ecosystem
Radio ecosystem
Autonomic communication
Cognitive radio
Operators Serviceproviders Users Regulators VendorsContent
providersVirtual
Operators
Business (stakeholders’) ecosystem
Sensing
Cooperative decision making
Community communication
Run-time assessment framework
Situation awareness(sensing, context, correlation)
Sensing
Cognitive Radio
StatesAct
Observe
Learn
Plan
Decide
Orient
Sensing and self-xarchitectures
AC
arc
hit
ec
ture
CR
arc
hit
ec
ture
Equipment (migration) architecture
GSM
E3
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 7
E3Ecosystem as the Unit of DesignEcosystem as the Unit of Design
Complexity
Unit of Design
Mid
com
Clie
nt-s
erve
rpr
otoc
ol
ecos
yste
m
We are here
New design construct helps to
keep complexity
under control
SO
NOverlayOverlay EcosystemEcosystem
Client-serverClient-server MidcomMidcom
FairnessFairness Cost-EfficiencyCost-Efficiency
VersatilityVersatility RobustnessRobustness
Towards the assessment(UoD x Common Srv. Attr.)
… but first let’s have a look at IMS (midcom design) and at where Post-IP is heading
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 8
E3
S-CSCFP-CSCF S-CSCF
HSS
(AAA)
I-CSCF
MediaGateway
SGW, MGCF, MGF
ApplicationServer IMS enabler
Group Mgt
MediaServer
MFRC + MFRP
IMS enablerPresence
Ecosystem View at IMSEcosystem View at IMS
Application Level Services
Network [Control] Virtualisation Media
Quad-playservices
Blendedservices
Non-IMSservices
Connectivity provisioning inmulti-vendor multi-layer multi-technology network ecosystem
BSSOSS
Non
-tra
dit
ion
al ord
er
(ch
an
ge)
sou
rces
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 9
E3Ecosystem View at LTE/SAEEcosystem View at LTE/SAE
S5b
Evolved Packet Core
WLAN 3GPP IP Access
S2
non 3GPP IP Access
S2
IASA
S5a
SAE Anchor
3GPP Anchor
S4
SGi Evolved RAN
S1
Op. IP
Serv. (IMS, PSS, etc…)
Rx+
GERAN
UTRAN
Gb
Iu
S3
MME UPE
HSS
PCRF
S7
S6
* Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface
SGSN GPRS Core
Mobility Management(Network role : control
media handling)
User Plane(Network role: control
media signalling handling)
Evolved Packet Core == Disappearing
packet core
Broader access more users more
service orders
Media Signalling components are pushed to end-systems critically important to work on
distributed policy algorithms
Media handling outside of
core network optimised routing, QoS
by traffic self-
engineering
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 10
E3
What used to be a tiny hourglass just interconnecting
transport associations over heterogeneous link layers is
emerging as rich interconnectivity of network
features
Zoom into L3: not so tiny …Zoom into L3: not so tiny …
Link Layer
DNS
V4/v6 Traffic Handling
ROHCROHCNAT-PT
Receive
V4 Fwd
V6 Fwd
V4 HdrDec
V6 HdrDec
V4 V6
V4 V6
V4 HdrCom
V6 HdrCom
Transmit
Auth.
IPSec IPSec
V6 NAT
V6 NAT
ClassifierMeter
Marker Scheduler
DS Traffic Conditioner
IPFIXRSVP
Transport/Application
ARP
ICMP IGMP
ForCES
PSAMP
Policy
...Next: foster even
richer connectivity aiming at Network SOA
Next: foster even richer connectivity
aiming at Network SOA
–the future Internet or “Post-IP” is an optimised network- and service- layer solution [F.-U. Andersen, List of Post-IP Recommendations, Brussels 2006-12-08]
Each feature
Local control
Function
InfoBase Update
Update
policy
context
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 11
E3
OverlayOverlay EcosystemEcosystem
Client-serverClient-server MidcomMidcom
OverlayOverlay EcosystemEcosystem
Client-serverClient-server MidcomMidcom
OverlayOverlay EcosystemEcosystem
Client-serverClient-server MidcomMidcom
OverlayOverlay EcosystemEcosystem
Client-serverClient-server MidcomMidcom
UoD AssessmentUoD Assessment
Per user group SON
P2P/Overlay TE in SON
Per service Automated SLA
Per feature service creation
Self-TE in underlay
Best Effort Flat Rate
Internet Protocol E2E (TCP)
Provider Preference OSS/BSS
Service Delivery Platform Over-provisioning
FairnessFairness Cost-EfficiencyCost-Efficiency
VersatilityVersatility RobustnessRobustness
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 12
E3Ecosystem ExamplesEcosystem Examples
• Micro-ecosystem (focus on fairness)– Control theory: implicit model-driven
information coupling
• Macro-ecosystem (focus on robustness)– Control theory: explicit model-driven
information coupling
– … but first introduce the control-theoretical problem
Ref.: M. Smirnov, Model-driven Self-engineering of Inter-domain traffic, submitted to Elsevier Computer Communications
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 13
E3Control TheoryControl Theory
• Unsolved Problems in Mathematical Systems and Control Theory, V. D. Blondel, A. Megretski (Eds), Princeton University Press, 2004
• Problem 4.4 Decentralized control with communication between controllers Jan H. van Schuppen http://homepages.cwi.nl/~schuppen
C1
C4
Cr
C3
C2
Each Controller is given the control purpose, Has partial observations of the systemPartial observations of each pair are differentPROTOCOL = Constraints on communication channel between each pair
• van Schuppen: “The basic underlying problem seems to be: what information of a controller is so essential in regard to the control purpose that it has to be communicated to other controllers?”
AC take: This information is the driving model
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 14
E3Micro EcosystemMicro Ecosystem
TCP Fairness FIFO Fairness
Similarpacket-loss
for all connections
Synchronisedshift to slow startby all connections
Previously congestedlink is underutilized
congestion
RED Random no flow
Early before congestion
Detection signal to slow downNo synch. Betweenslowdowns
Popular in-network solution:
“RED makes Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation impossible” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_early_detection
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 15
E3Eco-REDEco-RED
TCP CA TCP CA
TCP CA TCP CA
TCP CA TCP CA
EcoRED
ack
ack
ack
b
sq3 q2 q1
Li+1 =4ti ti+1
ri,1
ri,2
ri,3
Li =4
ri,4
ri+1,2
ri+1,3
ri+1,4
ri+1,1
Rate estimation
Eco-RED as a fair MUX!Ln[P(q>b)]
b
Packet loss estimation
q1 q2
p1p2
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 16
E3Macro Ecosystem: AS Multi-PathMacro Ecosystem: AS Multi-Path
IGP
IGP
IGP
BGP
BGP
BGP
Dst. Pref_1
Dst. Pref_2
To: DP1
To: DP2
To: DP2
To: DP1
Problem: routing instabilityBGP Decision Process: - learns from IGP and - instructs IGP
Ecosystem: AS multi-PATH
DstSrc
A1
A3
A5
A7
A9
A8A6A4A2
© 2007, Fraunhofer FOKUS, invited talk at ACF SCM Workshop, Berlin 14.11.2007 17
E3AS Multi-PathAS Multi-Path
• Instead of selecting one and only one egress to each destination prefix Eco-BGP should compose optimal traffic mix for always [at least] two alternatives (Note: RFC 4451 allows this)
• AS Multi-Path converges to the shortest AS Path (min-stretch)
• The driving model - Route-View Diagram - allows self-engineering of inter-domain traffic
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