Download - FISH 336 Lect 4 Carp Aquaculture

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Page 1: FISH 336 Lect 4 Carp Aquaculture

Basic Principles of Aquaculture

Species, Economics, Water Sources

Water Systems, Conservative & Non-Conservative

Aspects Water Quality, Feeds Nutrition & Growth

Reproduction & Genetics, Disease & Predation

Harvesting Hauling & Processing

Environmental Concerns

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Feeds Nutrition & Growth II

Energy & Growth

Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate, Micronutrients

Other Factors

Binders, Attractants, Pigments, Off Flavors

Strategies for Offering Prepared Feeds

FCR & FC Efficiency,

Feeding Rate, Frequency & Their Interactions

Methods of Presenting Feeds

Adjusting Feeding Rates

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Reproduction, Selection & Genetics

Spawning Techniques

Larval Rearing Techniques

Hormone Spawning

Sex Control –

Hybridization, Triploidy, Gynogenesis

Selective Breeding

Genetics & Genetic Engineering

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Disease Predation & Cannibalism I

Mortality in Aquaculture

Sanitation

Treatment & Prevention Methodology

Vaccines, Isolation, Chemical Control,

Calculation of Treatment Levels

Examination for Disease

Common Aquaculture Diseases

Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Protozoan

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Disease Predation & Cannibalism II

Common Parasites

Helminths

Nematode, Tapeworm, Flatworm

Copepods

Predation - from Land, Sea & Air

Cannibalism

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Harvesting Hauling & Processing

Harvesting Culture Systems

Intensive, Extensive,

Specialized Techniques - Anesthesia

Live Hauling – Minimizing Stress

Depuration

Fee Fishing

Processing & Marketing

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Common Environmental Concerns

1. Water Flow Considerations

2. Parasites - Native Populations Nearby

3. Pollution from Effluent

4. Handling Escapees

5. Unhealthy Culture Conditions

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Common Carp

Cyprinus carpio

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Carp Aquaculture

1. Largest Volume of All Aquaculture Species

2. Cyprinus carpio: Eastern European species,

in Danube Drainage, then Roman Europe.

3. In Culture for More than 2,500 years

475 BC Fan Lei - Carp Aquaculture

100 BC - 400 AD Romans Aquaculture Carp

4. Considerable Number of Small Farms

Eastern Europe, India, China

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Carp Aquaculture Reference

Billard, R., (ed.) 1999. Carp: Biology and Culture.

Springer-Praxis Series in Aquaculture and

Fisheries. Praxis Publishing, 342 pps.

(Translated from the 1995 French by

Dr. Lindsay Laird, Univ. Aberdeen, UK.)

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Carp Aquaculture

Roman Aquarium & Fish Farm

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Carp Aquaculture

Small Scale European Carp Farming

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Carp Aquaculture

Carp Aqua Production Probably >20 Mmt / yr

Salmon Aquaculture ~ 2.2 Mmt per year

Term “Carp” is a grade not a taxon.

Carp are Members of the Family Cyprinidae

36 genera 280 species, 118 in 1 genus

15 Species account for Most Aqua Production

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Abundant Aquacultured Carp Species

1. Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

2. Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

3. Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

4. Mud Carp Cirrhina molitorella

5. Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis

6. Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus

7. Catla Catla catla

8. Calbassu Labeo calbasu

9. Rohu Labeo rohita

10. Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala

11. White Amur Bream Parabramis pekinensis

12. Crucian Carp Carassius carassius

13. Goldfish Carassius auratus

14. Tench Tinca tinca

15. Roach Rutilus rutilus

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Common Carp

Cyprinus carpio

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Silver Carp

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

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Silver Carp - Illinois River

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

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Grass Carp

Ctenopharyngodon idella

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Mud Carp

Cirrhinus molitorella

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Bighead Carp

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

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Black Carp

Mylopharygodon piceus

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Catla (Indian) Carp

Catla catla

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Calbassu Carp

Labeo calbasu

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Rohu Carp

Labeo rohita

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Mrigal Carp

Cirrhinus mrigala

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White Amur Bream

Parabramis pekinensis

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Crucian Carp

Carassius carassius

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Goldfish (not Koi)

Carassius auratus

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Tench

Tinca tinca

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Roach

Rutilis rutilis

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Carp General Observations

Unpopular as a Food Fish in North America

But Popular as Food In Europe & Asia

Higher Lipid Levels, Can Bring Off Flavors

Production Includes 15 Different Species

Term Carp used as a ‘grade’ like ‘salmon’

Production Numbers Are a Guess - Accurate

Data Nearly Impossible to Find

Huge % of Production is from Small Ponds

Mom and Pop Operations

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Carp Life Cycle Closed

Carp Whose Life Cycles have been Closed

Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

Carassius carassius (crucian carp)

Carassius auratus (goldfish)

Control Over All Life History Stages

Can Include Stage Specific Requirements

Control Over Reproduction -

Produce Viable Offspring

from Cultured Parents

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Carp Aquaculture

China Carp Pond

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Carp Aquaculture

Carp Juvenile Pedicure

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Carp Aquaculture

Czech Carp Harvest

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Carp Aquaculture

Krakow Selling Aquacultured Carp

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Carp Aquaculture

Trebon Harvesting Brail

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Aquaculture Water Quality

Secchi Disc Measuring Turbidity

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Carp Aquaculture

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Carp Aquaculture

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Carp Pituitary Extracts

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Structure of Fish Eggs

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SEM of Fertilization

Artificial Colors

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Fertilization

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Egg Cortical Reaction

Butterfly Egg

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Carp Eggs

Zoug Jars

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Carp Embryo Hatching

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Carp Life Cycle

Common Carp Juvenile

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Goldfish

Juveniles