February 2020
OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development1
Find the most current schedule athttps://portal.ct.gov/DASCodeChange
Completed: 2020 Amendments Drafted and Code Change Proposals Received
Committees/Work Groups Review
Final Drafts Developed
Drafts Reviewed
Codes and Standards Drafts Approval
Public Comment Period
Legislative Review/Approval
Code Takes Effect
11/13/19
12/11/19
1 /8/20
2/16/20
2/29/20
5/31/20
10/1/20
2
Fire Protection Systems
Spring 2020 Career Development Series
Brad Cronin, CFPS, Vice President, Fire Protection
Strategic Code SolutionsDAS Office of Education and Data Management
February 2020
OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development2
Course Objectives
At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
1. Define and identify Fire sprinkler systems; Fire-extinguishing systems; Standpipe systems; Fire alarm and detection systems; Smoke control systems; and Smoke removal systems
2. Explain why a fire protection system must conform to code criteria and referenced standards.
3
Course Objectives
3. Determine where and when fire protection systems are required.
4. Explain the principles of how a fire protection system detects and manages a fire.
5. Understand the relationship between the codes and the referenced standards including the IFC, the IBC, State Fire Prevention Code and reference standards including from NFPA.
4
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development3
Fire Protection Systems Types
5
Fire Protection System Types
• Active Systems
• Power needed for operation
• Passive Systems
• Do not require power
6
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development4
Active Systems
• Built to achieve a goal of fire protection
• Detect
• Suppress
• Notify
7
Automatic Sprinkler Systems
8
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development5
Sprinkler Systems
9
Where a system is needed
How a system is to be installed
Sprinkler Systems
• Built to control or suppress a fire
• Need one capable automatic water supply
• Flow
• Pressure
• Duration
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Installation Rules
• Mandated by NFPA 13, 2013 edition
• Sprinklers installed throughout
• Specific distances from standard and listing rules
• Max/min from ceiling
• Max/min from next sprinkler
• Max/min from wall or obstructions
• Areas where sprinklers can be omitted
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Occupancy Classification
• Each area classified based on expected fire
• Heat release and speed of movement
• Dictates location of sprinklers and water discharge requirements
• A change requires an evaluation of the system
• NFPA 25
12
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development7
Light Hazard
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Ordinary Hazard
14
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development8
Extra Hazard
15
https://www.hurricanesteelbuildings.com/
Manufactured Housing News
Commodity Classification
16
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Commodity Classification
• Type of product
• Type of packaging
• Type of pallet
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System Types
• Wet System
• Dry System
• Preaction System
• Deluge System
• Antifreeze
• Circulating Closed Loop
• Commercial Cooking Protection
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Wet System
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Dry System
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development11
Preaction System
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https://www.victaulic.com/
Deluge System
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https://www.reliablesprinkler.com/
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Standpipe Systems
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Standpipe Systems
• Types
• Automatic
• Semi-automatic
• Manual
• Classes
• Class I
• Class II
• Class III
• NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2013 edition
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Standpipe Types
• Manual
• No automatic water supply
• FD supplies flow and pressure
• Automatic
• Built in water supply
• Building supplies flow and pressure
• Semi-automatic
• Needs manual intervention to start
• Otherwise, same as above
25
Standpipe Classes
• Class I
• 2 ½” hose connection for FD use
• Class II
• 1 ½” hose station for trained occupant use
• Class III
• Both Class I and II combined
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Class I
27
https://www.usfa.fema.gov/
Class II
28Downtowngal [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]
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Class III
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Fire Pumps and Tanks
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Fire Pumps
• Not required by building or fire code
• Necessary where pressure increase needed to meet design
• Follows NFPA 20, Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2013 edition
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Tanks for Fire Protection
• May be required by building or fire code
• Special circumstances, very tall buildings
• Necessary where volume of water is needed and not available
• Follows NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, 2008 edition
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Fire Alarm Systems
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Fire Alarm System Types
• Protected Premises Fire Alarms
• Emergency Communications Systems (ECS)
• Supervising Station Alarms
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Protected Premises
• Signals on-site
• Notify occupants or staff of emergency
• Activated by manual and automatic means
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Emergency Communications
• Voice alarm
• Mass notification
• Wide-area notification
• Two-way communication
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An Errant Knight [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]
February 2020
OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development19
Supervising Station
• Central Station
• Proprietary Station
• Remote Station
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https://www.firelite.com/
Initiating Devices
• Automatic
• Respond to certain conditions (smoke/heat)
• Manual
• Need human intervention
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Ben Schumin https://www.lifesafetycom.com/
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Notification
• Public mode
• Meant for notification and evacuation of occupants
• Private mode
• Notify staff and elicit response
39
Smoke Control Systems
40
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Smoke Control
• Managing the movement of smoke in certain areas
• Uses mechanical venting
• Pressurizing areas such as stairwells and elevator lobbies
• Used in large spaces such as atria, mall buildings and high-rise
41
Smoke Control
• Not prescriptive in nature
• Goal based design by engineer
• NFPA 92A, Standard for Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences
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NFPA 92B
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Smoke and Heat Venting
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Smoke and Heat Venting
• Applies to large areas open areas
• Attempts to limit horizontal fire spread
• Uses curtains to create compartment and vents in roof
• Controversial when used with sprinklers
• NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development23
Building Code Requirements
45
Sprinkler Requirements
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development24
Sprinkler Systems
• Driven by
• Height and area
• Construction type
• Occupancy and occupant load
• May be a trade-off
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Building Height Table
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Stories Above Grade
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Allowable Area
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Assembly
• Sprinklers cover the assembly area
• Must also cover any stories between assembly use and level of exit discharge
• Required where assembly use is not on the level of exit discharge
• Required for specific groups…
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Sprinklers Required
• For A-1, A-3, and A-4• >12,000 ft2
• OL >300
• Multitheater (A-1 only)
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Group A-2 – Fire Area
• >5,000 ft2
• OL >300 or >100 in…
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Ambulatory Care
• Sprinklers cover entire floor and to level of exit discharge
• 4 or more occupants incapable of self-preservation
• Any located above L.E.D.
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Educational
• Fire area >12,000 ft2
• Below L.E.D.
• Gen Statutes of CT, Sec 29-315 supersedes building code
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Group F-1 – Fire Area
• >12,000 ft2
• >3 stories above grade
• >24,000 ft2 cumulative of all F-1 fire areas
• >2,500 ft2 when
• Upholstered furniture
• Mattresses
• Woodworking
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High-Hazard Occupancies
• Required in all
• Specific sprinkler criteria for H-5
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Institutional
• Required in all with some exception
• 13R allowed in I-1 Cond 1
• I-4 at L.E.D with each room having exterior door
• I-4 just that level and down to L.E.D
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Mercantile
• Throughout building
• Group M fire area
• >12,000 ft2
• >3 stories above grade
• Combined area of all group m 24,000 ft2
• Throughout stories below L.E.D >2,500 ft2
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High-Piled Storage
• “Big-box” stores
• All require sprinklers
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Residential
• All newly constructed
• Existing with change of use or addition
• Exceptions:
• Bed and breakfast
• R-2 conversion with criteria
• Older R-2 conversion
• Horizontal additions, sprinkler in new only
• Only 2 dwelling units with criteria
61
Storage
• Moderate Hazard (S-1) fire area
• >12,000 ft2
• >3 stories above grade
• Combined areas >24,000 ft2
• Commercial motor vehicle storage >5,000 ft2
• Upholstered furniture or mattress storage >2,500 ft2
• Enclosed Parking Garage (S-2)
• 12,000 ft2
• Beneath other use groups other than R-3
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Storage
• Repair Garage
• ≥ 2 stories and >10,000 ft2 fire area
• 1 story and >12,000 ft2 fire area
• Below grade repair garage
• Commercial motor vehicle repair >5,000 ft2
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Tire Storage
• Storage over 20,000 ft3
• Whole building protected
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Other Areas
• Buildings with limited openings
• Trash & linen chutes
• Tall buildings
• Special occupancy requirements, Building Code Ch 4
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Standpipe Requirements
February 2020
OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development34
Standpipes
• Class III required where…
• Floor level
• FD Access
• Class I with sprinklers
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>30’
Open Parking
• Manual allowed up to 150’
• Manual dry allowed
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Assembly Use
• OL >1,000 and nonsprinklered
• Class I automatic wet
• Exception
• Open-air seating
• Can be manual or semiautomatic in non-highrise
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Covered Malls
• If not triggered by height then…
• Class I hose connections to sprinkler system
• Design for 250 gpm, <50 psi drop
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development36
Stages
• When >1,000 ft2
• Class III wet
• 1 ½” connections with sprinklers
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Other Areas
• Underground buildings
• Helistops and heliports
• Marinas and boatyards
• Rooftop gardens and landscaped roofs
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Fire Alarm Requirements
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Fire Alarm Requirements
• Driven by occupancy or hazard
• Minimum one manual pull station
• Exempts systems dedicated to elevator recall and…
• R-2
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Assembly
• OL >300
• OL >1,000 needs voice communication
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Business
• OL on all floors ≥ 500
• OL >100 above or below L.E.D.
• Ambulatory Health Care
• Smoke detection throughout and in public use areas
• Above exempt with sprinklers
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OEDM- Spring 2020 Career Development39
Education
• EVAC system
• No manual w/OL <50
• No EVAC w/OL <100
• Manual omitted w/automatic detection
• Corridor smokes
• Heat detection in other areas
77
Factory/Industrial
• Manual when…
• ≥ 2 stories
• ≥ 500 above or below L.E.D.
• Sprinkler exception
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Hazard/Industrial
• Manual in…
• H-5 and organic coatings manufacture
• Automatic smoke detection
• Highly toxic gases, organic peroxides, and oxidizers
• Follow IFC
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Institutional
• Manual fire alarm required
• Can be at attended staff locations
• Private mode signaling acceptable
80
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Occupancy Requirements
• Continues through remaining sections of 907 of the building code
• Specific for hazards found in certain occupancies
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Smoke Control Systems
82
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Smoke Control
• Atria
• Connecting more than 2 stories
• All in I-2 and I-1 Cond 2
• Underground Buildings
• Windowless Buildings
• Some stages
• Smoke-protected Assembly Seating
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Smoke Removal
84
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Smoke Removal
• Industrial or Storage
• >50,000 ft2
• High-Piled Storage
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Questions?
86
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Use of Office of Education and Data Management (OEDM) training
materials must be approved in writing by the State of Connecticut,
Department of Administrative Services’ Office of Communications. In
approving of such use, the State of Connecticut assumes no liability
associated with such use, including, but not limited to, the user’s
dissemination of any inaccurate information or interpretation in
connection with its use of these training materials. Use of the training
materials is at the sole risk of the user, and the State’s approval of the
use does not constitute an endorsement of the user or its intended
use.
Use of OEDM Training Materials
87
Brad Cronin, CFPS
(781) 524-7000 x102
88
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