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1809

1809-1870

Great plains- left to the Indians until the American people had interest in it. We slowly took the land away from them legislatively until we forced many of them off their land it the later 1800’s

From 1836 to 1914 millions from all over migrated to the US

Culture Shock- in the late 1800’s many immigrants came to America based on the ideas of what their friends and family have told them in letters. They were rudely awakened when they arrived and didn’t find the world of opportunity they were looking for.

1836

1836- millions of people migrated to the US

Melting pot – a pot where many things are mixed and create a single mix, America was the melting pot of cultures in the late 1800’s

All images from google.com/images

1857

1857

Fredrick Law Olmsted- A Landscape Architect that focused on restoring the greenery and environment to the heavily industrialized cities, he laid the plans down for New York Central Park.

1859

1859

Social Darwinism- Taking the principle ideas of Darwinism and applying them to business.

1850

1850

Bessemer process- one of the leading inventions of the 1800’s, this process was developed by Henery Bessemer and William Kelly in 1850, it was used by most steel industry's by 1880


1862 1864

1862

The Homestead act offering 160 acres of free land in Kansas to the head of any household or planned to be head of a house hold, 600,000 people took advantage of this offer

1864

Sand Creek massacre- when the Native American were slaughtered even though they were innocent, by general S.R. Curtis

1862

Homesteader- one of the 600,000 people that took advantage of the homestead act and received free land

1862

Exodusters- were the colored people that made up part of the 600,000 people who left to Kansas because of the homestead act


1866 - 1886 18681868- 1876-

1881

1866-1886

Long Drive-along with the longhorns was the long drive, it was used to transport cattle over large areas of land and included a small team of people to do it.

1868

Tammany Hall- was the place where New York's powerful democratic political machine was located in 1868. This place was known for its corruption.

1868,1876, 1881

Sitting Bull- 1868 he was one of the leaders that did not sign the treaty of Fort Larmie,1876 had a vision of fighting, and fought in the battle of Little Big Horn, but later in 1881 he was forced to surrender to save his people

1865

1865

Longhorns- Short tempered breeds of cattle great for producing food and helped ranchers meet the wants of the demand for beef in 1865


May 10th 1869-1871

May 10th 1869

The Continental Railroad- is finally connected uniting east and west of America with railroad tracks, more and more railroads branched from this one until in 1890 we had almost 180,000 miles of track

1869-1876

Tweed Ring- the inside corrupt group of political leaders inside of Tammany Hall. They are lead by William M. Tweed or “Boss Tweed” hence the name Tweed Ring. This group cheated and stole large amounts of money from everyone who paid taxes.

1869-invented air brake

George Westinghouse- One of the rivals to Thomas Edison, he invented the air brake in 1869 and also pioneered into the electrical field of study.

1869


1870 – Standard Oil Established

Monopoly- When a business is the only business producing a product; no competition. This was seen on one of the largest scales in history in the late 1800’s with John D. Rockefeller and the standard oil industry.

1870

1870’s

Graft-The illegal use of political influence for personal gain. This act of corruption was happening all over in all different ways in the late 1800’s

1870

Ellis Island- an island in the harbor of New York where Immigrants are required to go before they are allowed to enter the country.


1870’s-1880’s 1870-1890 1870’s-1897

1870-1880

Segregation- the separation between blacks and whites in public and private places by law, this regulations was almost everywhere in the south.

1870-1890

Gilded Age- a term meaning fancy on the outside but not so pretty on the inside, a term Mark Twain uses to title his book portraying the greed in society in this time in history.

1870-1897

John D. Rockefeller-One of the Richest men to live on earth, he used powerful business tactics that had never been seen before to conquer his competition and achieve the high of a Monopoly as well as $1,500,000,000 when he retired in 1897


1872-1910 1874- 1876 18761872-1910

Mail-order Catalog- Wards catalog launched in 1872 and started the mail-order system and as time went on it grew and by 1910 10 million Americans shopped by mail

1874-1876

George Armstrong Custer- in 1874 said the black hills had gold “from the grass roots down” later in 1876 he fought against the Indians and died in the Battle of Little Big Horn

1876

The Battle of Little Big Horn- Where Custer, a US army official fought against a much larger army of Native Americans. Custer lost 268 men and his life in the battle. The Natives only lost around 90

1873- “The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today” by Mark Twain is published

Mark Twain – A writer, he opposed many of the common social beliefs such as racism and showed his opposition, points, and disgust through his books. Also he inspired other writers because of writing independent of “ligature and all that bosh”

1873


18761876-1880

1877

1876

Alexander Gram Bell-along with the help of Watson invented the telephone

1876-1880

Thomas Edison- he established the first laboratory, and it was located in Menlo Park New Jersey. He also patented the incandescent light bulb in 1880.

1877

The Nez Perce, an Indian tribe are forced off their land in Oregon


1879

1879

Dumbbell tenements- required every room to have a window to fresh air, this is called dumbbell tenements because the air shafts were shaped like dumbbells

1880’s

Ragtime- a type of music containing parts of African American and European style music. It originated in the saloons of the south

1880’s

1880s

Collective Bargaining- the process of negation between a business and their employees about agreement on working conditions in the late 1800’s is when this negation became a large issue and major unions formed in the 1880’s

1880-1920s

Settlement house- Houses that were created by reformers from the Social Gospel Movement. These houses were created to provide assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants


1880’s Importance of flash recognized

Jacob Riis- A Danish American who was a journalist and a photographer. He used his skills to help try to break the poverty of New York. He discovered the use of flash for photography

1880’s

1881

Booker T. Washington -A Prominent African American educator. He believed racism would end when blacks became well educated and had the labor force skills. In 1881 he was the head of the Tuskegee Normal and industrial Institute

1881

Assimilation- The idea of modernizing the Native Americans and accepting them into society, many Americans supported this in 1881

1881


1884 1886 1887-1932

1884

Mugwumps-Republicans who switched to support of the democratic candidate Grover Cleveland because of the dislike they held for the financially corrupt republican candidate.

1886

Samuel Gompers-he lead the Cigar makers’ International Union to join with Craft unions. The American Federation of labor had Gompers as president and focused on strikes to improve working conditions

1887-1932

The Daws Act- Trying to put the idea of assimilation into reality by giving each Native American household their own land instead of just a general territory. Sadly most of the land was stolen by 1932 and the act overall failed.

May 4, 1884- Sued the railroad for illegal segregation

Ida B. Wells- Born into slavery, she moved to Memphis. She later became the local news paper editor and often she would write about racial inequality.

May 4th


1890 Dec. 28 18901890-made illegal

Trust- a contract developed in-between companies to form a monopoly without having to be one giant company, instead it created many small companies linked together with trusts to act like one company. This was made illegal in 1890

1890- act passed

Sherman Anti-trust act- passed by Congress in 1890 this act attempted to limit business through the ICC, but because the ICC’s power was very limited and there was no clear definition of a “trust” the act didn’t reach its goal for the time being.

Dec. 28 1890

Wounded Knee- it was a battle concluding the bitter end of the Indian war and era.

1890-1910

Grandfather Clause- Another voting law stating that if your grandfather voted than you are exempt from the literacy test and the poll tax, but of course no blacks had fathers who had voted and so this was another act putting white men in power

1890-1910

1888

George Eastman-developed camera film so that black plates didn’t have to be used anymore, he also invited the Kodak, and because of the Kodak created many new photographers that couldn't have been before

1888


1894 1895

1894

Eugene V. Debs- used the idea of having both skilled and unskilled workers in a union and formed the 150,000 ARU against Pullman

1895

W.E.B. Dubious- first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard. He did this in 1895. He strongly urged blacks to educate themselves as much as they can

1894

Socialism- a political and economical system based on government control of business and property and equal distribution of wealth. This idea was solution in the minds of some of the ARU in 1894


190118981901-largest steel producer

Andrew Carnegie- After moving to America in 1848 Andrew rose up from complete poverty to wealth. he is a great American success story of a man who worked hard, became successful and gave much of his wealth away. He owned the largest steel producing company in 1901

1898

William Randolph Hearst- A man in the news paper business and had a large rival named joseph Pulitzer, he hoped to out do his opponent with big interesting exaggerated BS stories. Because of the rivalry in 1898 there were more than 1 million newspapers sold everyday.

1898

Joseph Pulitzer- a Hungarian immigrant who bought the New York World and competed against William Randolph Hearst with his creativeness with writing different articles, and that contributed to why more than 1 million papers sold everyday


After 1900

After 1900

Literacy Test- Southern states made voting limited to literate men, and then made a much harder test for the African Americans than the whites.

Early 1900’s 1910 1911

Early 1900’s

Orville and Wilbur Wright- tested gliders over and over and then experimented with flight of heavier than air craft propelled by engines They launched their first successful flight in kitty hawk NC.

1910

Angel island- the equivalent of Ellis island but only it is located on the west coast instead of the east, one major difference between the two are Angle had much worse conditions than Ellis

1911

Debt peonage- a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to pay back the debt to the employers, this happened to blacks and Mexicans in the southeast and wasn’t overruled until 1911


All through out the late 1800’s and early 1900

Late 1800’s

Kickback-a method that politicians to steal government money. A politician would tell a worker to say that he needs a larger amount of money than the worker really need to complete a government project, then the politician sends the extra money that the worker asked for and because its extra the worker takes some and then the rest is “kicked back” to the politician

Late 1800’s

Urbanization- because of the industrial boom, cities grew on large proportions causing Urbanization mostly effecting the northeast and Midwest


Late 1800’s

Political Machine- An organized group that lead the actions of a political party in a city. They offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for their support. These groups gained power a few decades after the civil war.

Late 1800’s

Patronage- when people are given government administration. Because they helped the candidate get elected. This was known as the spoils system in Jacksons time.