Extinction of Conditioned Behavior
• Effects of Extinction
• Extinction and Original Learning
• Paradoxical Effects in Extinction
Effects of Extinction
Extinction involves omitting the US or reinforcerCS alone, no US R alone, no outcome
Two main effects of extinction procedures on behavior
responding decreases response variability increases
Extinction and Original Learning
• Spontaneous Recovery
• Rapid Reacquisition
• Renewal
• Reinstatement
Spontaneous Recovery
CS1 – USCS2 – US
AcquisitionExtinction 1
Extinction 2
Wait
Test
CS2 – nothCS1 ?CS2 ?
CS1 – noth 2 weeks
Longer wait after extinction, more spontaneous recovery
Spontaneous Recovery
Shows importance of passage of time
Renewal
Context A
Pairings Extinction CS Test
Context AContext B
A return to the context of acquisition after extinction of the CRin a different context causes CR recovery (ABA renewal)
No Extinction
Context A
Renewal
Mechanisms• Subjects turn to the context to disambiguate the meaning
of the CS– CS->US in acquisition (A) – CS->no US in extinction (B)
• Inhibitory association is specific to Context B?– A change in context after extinction of the CR causes CR recovery
(ABA renewal)– ABC causes renewal, which suggests a return to Context A is not
necessary– AAB renewal– ABC renewal is normally weaker than ABA renewal, so a return
to the context of acquisition may play some role
Reinstatement
Context A
Pairings Extinction CS Test
Context A
A return of contextual excitation reinstates the extinguished CR
Context AContext AContext B
US alone
Reinstatement
Acquisition with Differing Percentage Schedules
Spee
d
Day
100%
80/50/30%
Extinction with DifferingPercentage Schedules
Spee
d
Day
80% 50% 30%
100%
Explanations
• Mowrer-Bitterman Discrimination Hypothesis
• Amsel’s Frustration Theory (Emotional)
• Capaldi’s Sequential Theory (Cognitive)
Theios ExperimentPHASE 1 PHASE 2 EXT
G1 100% 0%
G2 100% 100% 0%
G3 50% 100% 0%
G4 50% - 0%
Extinction Experiment
Extinction Trials
Spee
d
G1, G2 100%
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 EXT
G1 100% 0%
G2 100% 100% 0%
G3 50% 100% 0%
G4 50% - 0%
G3, G4 50%
Amsel’s Frustration Theory
Amsel’s Frustration Theory
100% Reinforcement Group
Amsel’s Frustration Theory
50% Reinforcement Group
Amsel (extinction data)
Extinction Trials
Spee
d
100% 50%
AmselEXT
BETWEEN SUBJECT
GROUP 1 T F 100%
T-
GROUP 2 N F 50%
N-
WITHIN SUBJECT
TRIALS 1,3,6….
TF 100%
T-
TRIALS2,4,5….
NF 50%
N-
Sequential Theory
• Memory of past nonreinforced responding during reinforcement– Number of NR transitions– Maximum N length– Variability of N length
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