CASE STUDY FOR
EXPLOSION, IMPLOSION
FIRE
I n d u s t r i a l l o s s e s r e p o r t e d u n d e r
S t a n d a r d F i r e P o l i c y
( M a t e r i a l D a m a g e )
E x p l o s i o n i n J e t d y e i n g m a c h i n e
(Textile processing plant)
WHAT HAPPENED
Re process ing o f dyed fabr ic was
undertaken in the Jet Dyeing (which i s a
normal pract i ce ) to ad just qual i ty .
After loading fabr ic in je t dye ing , operator
s tarted heat ing and c i rculat ion o f the
fabr ic and moved towards the contro l panel
f or set t ing temperature and other
parameters .
At that instant , there was a sudden
explos ion in the je t dye ing machine .
What could be route cause o f explos ion?
WHAT HAPPENED
Due to explosion upper portion of theJet Dyeing m/c was flown in mainprocessing plant & Jet Dyeing m/cwas found deformed.
Due to flowing of material controlpanel at near by was damaged,Building roof was damaged. Stock atnear by were torn due to fall ing ofmaterial and damaged property
Some o f proper ty in ma in process ing p lant a l so damaged .
INCIDENT PHOTOS
D a m a g e d J e t D y e i n g M a c h i n e a n d s u r r o u n d i n g p r o p e r t y .
INCIDENT PHOTOS
P o r t i o n o f J e t D y e i n g m a c h i n e t h r o w n o f f d u e t o e x p l o s i o n
INCIDENT PHOTOS
Damage to surrounding property - 1
INCIDENT PHOTOS
Damage to surrounding property- 2
I m p l o s i o n i n S p r a y d r y e r u n i t
C e r a m i c P l a n t G u j a r a t
INCIDENT
450 TPD Spray dryer was in operation formanufacturing of clay.
Evaporation rate of Sprayer dryer was 8000 Kg/Hr.and operating at 650 to 7000C.
Unit was hollow vessel (cone type at bottom)insulated with sera wool.
Clay slurry was sprayed through spray guns and hotair was blown
Spray dryer was shut down after completion of lot.Within few minutes dryer imploded severely
There was no fire or smoke observed nor adjoiningproperty damaged nor human injury reported
PROBABLE CAUSE
After the shutdown of the dryer, heaters mighthave been stopped, but the air blowers mighthave been kept on.
Subsequently, due to flow of cool air inside thedryer, the hot gases/vapors which were notescaped, the dryer (probably due to stoppage ofexhaust) might have cooled suddenly resultinginto an - Implosion.
DAMAGES
Main chamber of spray dryer was badly incompressed condition with insulation.
Internally, entire steel fabricated structure wasfound badly deformed & compressed to greatextent.
External aluminum sheet with sera wool inside,used was also badly damaged and deformed,pressed inside.
PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOTOGRAPHS
E x p l o s i o n i n f u e l s t o r a g e d e p o t d u e t o
f u e l o v e r f l o w f r o m t a n k u n d e r f i l l i n g
- B u n c e f i e l d f u e l d e p o t
PLANT SITE BEFORE INCIDENT
WHAT HAPPENED
Out o f ser ies o f tank ,one tank fu l ly loaded
with Petro l was igni ted due to a spark .
Due to spark i t got igni ted and exploded
v io lent ly and subsequent ly f i re generated
which last for four days .
In addi t ion to depot destruct ion , extens ive
nearby property damage , and smoke
nuisance further loca l ground water was
contaminated by foamy f i re water runof f .
Huge quant i ty o f impounded runof f was
decontaminated and was to be d isposed o f f
THE INCIDENT
Somewhere in 2005 depot erupted in
explos ion and f i re .
This was one o f the s trongest explos ion &
probably largest in Europe
Inc ident cont inued for four days
About 20 tanks were destroyed
43 People destroyed
Many nearby establ ishment destroyed
Ground water contaminated
Near by land fer t i l i ty los t
SITE AFTER INCIDENT
INCIDENT
Fi l l ing o f two tanks were s tarted in
morning thro p ipe l ine and was
expected to cont inue for next
At near by truck loading was go ing on
One o f these tank was f i l l ed to leve l
and leve l indicator s topped changing
but f i l l ing was cont inued(Not s topped)
This tank over f i l l ed excess ive ly and
s tarted to over f low and drain in bund
Immediate ly vapor c loud f lowing
observed f rom bund in a l l d i rect ion
INCIDENT
Meanwhi l e o ther tank f in i shed f i l l ing and
c l o sed supp ly va lve hence i t cause
increase in f l ow ra te t o f i r s t tank whi ch
l ead t o excess ive over f l ow
In be tween one o f t ruck dr iver sme l l fue l
odor & S imul taneous ly opera to r observed
l eakage .
Star ted d iver t ing the fue l f i l l ing and
opera t ing the va lves f o r c l o s ing supp ly
One o f opera to r s tar ted f i r e pump. In the
course o f s tar t up probab ly vapor i gn i ted
l ead t o the exp los i on & subsequent ly
genera te the f i r e s in the tank fa rm.
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