Exploration, Discovery Exploration, Discovery and Settlementand Settlement
1492-17001492-1700
The original exploration, discovery The original exploration, discovery and settlement of the Americas and settlement of the Americas
occurred thousands of years occurred thousands of years before Christopher Columbus was before Christopher Columbus was
born. born.
Exploration, Discovery and Exploration, Discovery and SettlementSettlement
Archeologists believe the Archeologists believe the first people to settle N. first people to settle N. America arrived 40,000 America arrived 40,000 years agoyears ago
These people crossed a land These people crossed a land bridge that connected bridge that connected Siberia (Russia) to AlaskaSiberia (Russia) to Alaska
These first Americans These first Americans eventually migrated to S. eventually migrated to S. AmericaAmerica
They adapted to their They adapted to their environment, spoke different environment, spoke different languages, developed languages, developed unique culturesunique cultures
50-75 million persons50-75 million persons
Exploration, Discovery and Exploration, Discovery and SettlementSettlement
How were the How were the Native Americans Native Americans different? different?
How were they How were they similar?similar?
PuebloPueblo Most N. Americans lived in Most N. Americans lived in small settlements (300 small settlements (300 people)people)
Men: made tools, huntingMen: made tools, hunting Women: Grew crops Women: Grew crops Some were nomadicSome were nomadic
More ComplexMore Complex:: Pueblos in SW U.S. had Pueblos in SW U.S. had
multistoried homes, irrigationmultistoried homes, irrigation Mound builders in Mississippi, Mound builders in Mississippi,
Ohio R. ValleysOhio R. Valleys Iroquois form League of Iroquois form League of
NationsNations
Cultures of N. AmericaCultures of N. America
Cultures of N. AmericaCultures of N. America
Adena, Hopwell Adena, Hopwell and Mississippian and Mississippian culturescultures
Cultures of C. and S. Cultures of C. and S. AmericaAmerica
Aztec Capitol: TenochtitlanAztec Capitol: Tenochtitlan Equal in size to any Equal in size to any
European city at its heightEuropean city at its height
Most historians believe Most historians believe more people lived in more people lived in Cenral and South American Cenral and South American than N. Americathan N. America
BIG 3BIG 3: : Maya Maya AztecsAztecs IncasIncas All were highly organized, All were highly organized,
extensive trade, calendars, extensive trade, calendars, scientific observations, and scientific observations, and farmingfarming
Europe Moves Toward Europe Moves Toward ExplorationExploration
Most Europeans had no Most Europeans had no idea the Americas existedidea the Americas existed
Vikings came around 1000 Vikings came around 1000 to N. America but left no to N. America but left no lasting impactlasting impact
Columbus arrives in 1492Columbus arrives in 1492 Why?Why?
Improvements in Improvements in TechnologyTechnology
Renaissance: rebirth of classical learning and Renaissance: rebirth of classical learning and outburst of scientific activity (1400s and 1500s)outburst of scientific activity (1400s and 1500s)
Gunpowder from ChinaGunpowder from China Sailing Compass adopted by Arabs from ChineseSailing Compass adopted by Arabs from Chinese Improvements in Shipbuilding and mapmakingImprovements in Shipbuilding and mapmaking Printing press invented in 1450sPrinting press invented in 1450s
Religious ConflictReligious Conflict
Catholic SpainCatholic Spain: Spain expelled all Muslims in the : Spain expelled all Muslims in the 1400s and united under King Ferdinand and 1400s and united under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (they financed Columbus)Queen Isabella (they financed Columbus)
N. Europe RebelsN. Europe Rebels: Protestant Reformation starts : Protestant Reformation starts in Germany, soon France, England and Holland in Germany, soon France, England and Holland revolt against papal authorityrevolt against papal authority
Religious wars between Catholics and ProtestantsReligious wars between Catholics and Protestants This causes a religious motive for exploration as This causes a religious motive for exploration as
European countries wanted their “versions” European countries wanted their “versions” spreadspread
Expanding TradeExpanding Trade Competition for trade Competition for trade
amongst European amongst European countriescountries
Looking for a new way to Looking for a new way to the riches of Asiathe riches of Asia
Along African coast? Or Along African coast? Or across Atlantic?across Atlantic?
Portugal lead the way - Portugal lead the way - Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gamaand Vasco da Gama
Developing Nation-StatesDeveloping Nation-States
In Europe monarchs were gaining power In Europe monarchs were gaining power and building nation-states ( country where and building nation-states ( country where the people share a common culture and the people share a common culture and loyalty to govt.) in Spain, Portugal, France, loyalty to govt.) in Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlandsand the Netherlands
They depended on trade for $They depended on trade for $
Early ExplorationsEarly Explorations C. Columbus sails for Spain C. Columbus sails for Spain
and lands in the Bahamas and lands in the Bahamas in Oct. 1492in Oct. 1492
He always thought he had He always thought he had reached Asia, not the reached Asia, not the AmericasAmericas
He names the natives: He names the natives: IndiansIndians
Amerigo Vespucci = Amerigo Vespucci = AmericaAmerica
There will now be There will now be PERMANENT interaction PERMANENT interaction between Europe and the between Europe and the “New World”“New World”
ExchangesExchanges
Dividing the New WorldDividing the New World Spain and Portugal were Spain and Portugal were
the first to claim landthe first to claim land In 1493 the pope drew a In 1493 the pope drew a
dividing line to separate dividing line to separate the lands between the two the lands between the two countriescountries
Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas
Spanish Exploration and Spanish Exploration and ConquestConquest
Conquistadors conquered Conquistadors conquered land for Spain in S. land for Spain in S. America and C. AmericaAmerica and C. America
Cortes def. AztecsCortes def. Aztecs Pizzaro def. IncasPizzaro def. Incas
Gold and silver sent back Gold and silver sent back to Spainto Spain
Spain becomes wealthiest Spain becomes wealthiest nation in Europenation in Europe
Spanish ConquestsSpanish Conquests
Encomienda SystemEncomienda System: : king of Spain gives king of Spain gives grants of land and grants of land and Indians to individual Indians to individual SpaniardsSpaniards
Indians had to work on Indians had to work on farms/minesfarms/mines
What caused Native What caused Native Americans to die by Americans to die by the thousands?the thousands?
English ClaimsEnglish Claims
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