Explaining Charlie using the 9 Modern Perspectives:BiologicalBiological
DevelopmentalDevelopmental
CognitiveCognitive
PsychodynamicPsychodynamic
HumanisticHumanistic
BehavioralBehavioral
SocioculturalSociocultural
Evolutionary/Evolutionary/SociobiologicalSociobiological
TraitTrait
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
BiologicalBiological
DevelopmentalDevelopmental
PsychodynamicPsychodynamic
SocioculturalSociocultural
CognitiveCognitive
BehavioralBehavioral
TraitTrait
Nine Modern Perspectives of Psychology
HumanisticHumanistic
Evolutionary/Evolutionary/SociobiologicalSociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Natural Natural influences influences personalitiespersonalities,, behaviorsbehaviors and and
abilitiesabilities
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
1. Neural structures1. Neural structures
2. Biochemistry2. Biochemistry
3. Inborn responses to 3. Inborn responses to
external cuesexternal cues
PerspectivePerspective
BiologicalBiological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
•Neuroscience • The field devoted to understanding how
the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, consciousness, memories, and other mental processes
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Behavior is developed and Behavior is developed and adapted over timeadapted over time
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Natural selection Natural selection
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
EvolutionaryEvolutionary
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
We undergo predictable patterns We undergo predictable patterns of of changechange throughout our throughout our
entire life spanentire life span
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
The interaction betweenThe interaction between
heredity-genesheredity-genes and and environmentenvironment
PerspectivePerspective
Biological
DevelopmentalDevelopmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
People are information-People are information-processing systemsprocessing systems
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Mental interpretation of our Mental interpretation of our experienceexperience
PerspectivePerspective
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
CognitiveCognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Cognitive Neuroscience
• An interdisciplinary field emphasizing brain activity as information processing.
• Involves cognitive psych, neurology, biology, computer science, linguistics, and specialists
• from other fields who are interested in the connection between mental processes and the brain.
Example:
Studying the strategies in a game of chess
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
We are driven by dark forces We are driven by dark forces of the unconsciousof the unconscious
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Unconscious needs, conflicts, Unconscious needs, conflicts, repressed memories, and repressed memories, and
childhood experienceschildhood experiences
Biological
Developmental
PsychodynamicPsychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Psychoanalyst
• Medical doctors with a specialty in psychiatry and advanced training in
• Freudian Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Emphasizes human growth, Emphasizes human growth, potential and free willpotential and free will
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
The influence of self-concept, The influence of self-concept, perceptions, and interpersonal perceptions, and interpersonal relationships, and on need for relationships, and on need for
personal growthpersonal growth
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
HumanisticHumanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
People have control over who they are
• People make choices, good or bad, that affect their lives
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Major Humanistic Figures
Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Behavior is primarily shaped by Behavior is primarily shaped by learninglearning
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Stimulus cues and our history of Stimulus cues and our history of rewards and punishmentsrewards and punishments
Environment causes behavior…not Environment causes behavior…not the mind or biologythe mind or biology
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
BehavioralBehavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
B.F Skinner
• Can’t prove the mind exists….
• so it’s too subjective to study
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The Skinner Box
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The “Air Crib”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
People are social animals, so People are social animals, so human behavior must be human behavior must be
interpreted in the social context interpreted in the social context from a from a cultural perspectivecultural perspective
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
CulturesCultures
Social normsSocial norms
ExpectationsExpectations
Social learning Social learning
How are humans alike…and how How are humans alike…and how are they differentare they different
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
SocioculturalSociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Alike
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Different
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Individual differences result from Individual differences result from differences in our underlying differences in our underlying
patterns of stable patterns of stable characteristics…or traitscharacteristics…or traits
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Each person’s unique Each person’s unique combination of traits combination of traits
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
TraitTrait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological Personality tests
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The End..finally!
Top Related