Experimental part:
• Measurement the energy deposition profile for U ions with energies E=100 MeV/u - 1 GeV/u in iron and copper.
• Measurement the residual activation doses induced by U ions of energies E=100MeV/u - 1 GeV/u in iron and copper targets.
A.Golubev
Project MeetingGSI
01.06.04.
INTAS Ref. # 03-54-3588 Experimental and Theoretical Study of Energy Deposition and Residual
Activation Induced by Uranium Ions to Model the Beam Loss Hazards in the GSI Future Facility
GSI, Darmstadt - GermanyITEP, Moscow - RussiaVNIIEF, Sarov - Russia
INR RAS, Troizk - RussiaSUT, Bratislava - Slovakia
"Thick target" approach for precise measurement of energy deposition profile dE/dx and total stopping range
• This method using thick targets of variable thickness, determined with high precision and registration of the energy deposition along the total ion stopping range by thin calorimeters detectors
• The precision of the method is determined by the detector parameters (energy resolution, registration efficiency, detection threshold, etc. depending on a detector type) the precision of the target thickness measurement.
I o n B e a m
d x
x
d E d x
This method has been developed in collaboration between ITEP, VNIIEF and GSI. GSI experiment S249.
Why need to use ‘thick target’ approach for measurement of total ion energy deposition ranges in solids
Because: it provides direct measurement of the energy deposition range, rather than its reconstruction from measured differential energy loss; it enables to eliminate the ‘edge effects’, as compared to ‘thin foil’ approach; it takes account of the beam straggling and fragmentation, secondary particles etc.
Scheme of the experimental setup
Cave A experimental area
Calorimeter-caseHeat-resistant panel
Body of thermostat
Thermoelectric modules
Cap
Thin-filmresistances
Receiving platform.
Calorimeter
0 5 10 15 20 250
20
40
60
80
100
Triger Calorimeter#1-4 Al thick 150 µm
Am
plitu
de, µ
V
Time, sec.
The calorimeter measures the change of temperature in a thin layer of material due to its heating by the passing ion beam. The calorimeter is enclosed in a metal case and consists of a receiving platform made of a foil attached to thermo-modules, which are fixed on a massive thermostat. The size of the device is Ø50x11mm. The aperture of the calorimeter is Ø15 mm. The detector sensitivity is 5mV/J. The total stopping range is thus measured with the error less than 3%. The error of the specific deposited energy measurement is 7%.
6 8 10 12 14 160
10
20
30
40
50
60 950 MeV/u
Lenght, mm
dE/d
x, G
eV/m
mEnergy deposition of 238U+72ion beam in Cu
0 5 100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy deposition of 238U+72ion beam in stainless steel
Lenght, mm
dE
/dx,
Ge
V/m
m
500 MeV/u
0 2 4 6 80
20
40
60
Energy deposition of 238U+72ion beam in Cu
dE
/dx,
Gev
/mm
Length, mm
500 MeV/u
5 10 150
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy deposition of 238U+72ion beam in stainless steel
Lenght, mm
dE
/dx,
Ge
V/m
m
950 MeV/u
Energy deposition profile of U ions of energy E = 950 MeV/u in Cu target
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
6 8 10 12 14 16
depth, mm
dE
/dx, G
eV
/mm
MeasurementATIMASRIMSHIELD 1SHIELD 2
Measurement & Codes
Range, mm
Fe, 500 Cu, 500 Fe, 950 Cu 950
Measurement 5.9±0.2 5.3±0.2 14.3±0.4 12.8±0.4
ATIMA 6.1 (1.6%) 5.4 13.2 (7.7%) 13.4 (4.7%)
SRIM 6.5 (8.3%) 5.9 (9.4%) 16.1 (12.6%) 15.2 (18.6%)
SHIELD 5.9 5.4 15.1 (5.6%) 14.1 (10%)
0 500 1000 15000
20000
40000
60000
Me
V/m
m
Length, mm
U238 200 MeV/u in cupper foils target
• characterization of residual activity of selected components of the beam line (copper and stainless steel):
• dose rate measurements • radioactive nuclides identification for the thick copper and stainless steel targets irradiated by the U beam with 100 – 1000 MeV/u energies range;
• long time prediction of radioactive inventory around the beam transport system
Main topics of this research
Experimental investigation of the radioactivity of the solid matter induced by heavy ion beam irradiation
Experimental setup for the measurements of induced radioactivity after irradiation with heavy ion beams
N Material and configuration Initial energy of 238U ions and calculated range*
Target thickness, mm
Total dose on the target (ions) **
1 Fe – set of disks mm: 0.1, 0.5, 0.5
120 MeV/u –570.68 m (SRIM)
1.1 2.04*1011
2 Cu – set of 11 disks of 0.1 mm 120 MeV/u – 526.2 m (SRIM); 563 m (ATIMA)
1.1 3.32*1011
3 Fe – set of 35 disks mm: 0.1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1.
500 MeV/u –6.28 mm (TRIM)
11.9 ~2*1011
4 Cu – set of 34 disks mm: 0.1, 0.5, 0.1, 1, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1
500 MeV/u –5.34 mm (ATIMA), 5.79 mm (SRIM)
11 ~2*1011
*Ranges were calculated with taking into account the energy losses in SEETRAM, 100 m Al window, and in 65 cm air; ** Preliminary estimated results
Results of calibration of beam current detector by different ion beams
Air
Al100 m
Secondaryelectron monitor
Ionizationchamber
600 mmTarget
“front“ surface (foil 0)
Vacuum
Ar Beam
50 mm
Targets for the Argon beam irradiation
Cu target set of disks mm:
Energy of 40Ar ions* and SRIM ranges
Target thickness
Total dose on the target (ions)
1,7, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1
500MeV/u 23.6 mm
47 mm 4.8*1011
1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1
800MeV/u
47.74 mm
97 mm 1.2*1011
1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 1
300MeV/u 10.64 mm
22 mm 3*1011
The one-millimeter foils were inserted after each thick disk, which allowed to obtained the spatial distribution of the activation rates in the copper target along the range. Besides that, the radionuclide spectra measurements were carried out for assembling. Based on these experimental data the predictions of the induced radioactivity of the accelerator equipment will made for continuous irradiation during normal operation.
Spatial distribution of activation rates of different nuclides in the copper target after 40Ar E0=800MeV/u irradiation.
0 20 40 60 80 1001E-11
2E-11
4E-11
6E-118E-111E-10
2E-10
4E-10
6E-108E-101E-9
2E-9
4E-9
6E-98E-9
TRIM tableAct
ivat
ion
rate
, (nu
clid
e)/(
initi
al io
n)
Depth in copper target, mm
7Be 46Sc
51Cr 54Mn
56Co 57Co
58Co
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Energy loss, M
eV/(m
g/cm2)
Conclusion.
• Measurement the energy deposition profile for U ions with energiesE=100 MeV/u - 1 GeV/u in iron and copper are finished and the stage of processing data now
• Measurement the residual activation doses induced by U ions of energies E=100MeV/u - 1 GeV/u in iron and copper targets are started.
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