Executive 9066
Economic Changes in World War II
• The War Production Board– American factories poured their efforts into
making weaponry.• 40 billion bullets• 300,000 aircraft• 76,000 ships• 86,000 tanks• 2.6 million machine guns
Propaganda
JAPANESE EXPANSION•Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
•US declares war on Japan.
1942•Philippines
•Bataan Death Bataan Death MarchMarch
JAPANESE EXPANSION•Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
•US declares war on Japan.
1942•Philippines
•Bataan Death Bataan Death MarchMarch
Date Place Participants Decisions
Dec. 1941 to
Jan. 1942
June 1942
Washington Conference
1st
2nd
FDR
Winston ChurchillBig 2
War Production, shipping, aid for China,
diversion of German strength from Eastern
Front and a North African invasion.
Jan. 1943
CasablancaConference
FDR
Winston ChurchillBig 2
Plans for invasion of Sicily and to step up Pacific
War…D-day invasion in 1944 onto French coast.
Unconditional Surrender of Germany
Nov. 1943
TehranConference
FDRWinston Churchill
Joseph StalinBig 3
1st time “Big 3” meet. Stalin demands 2nd front
onto French coast…. Date of D-day invasion decided… General
Eisenhower appointed as commander of Allies
Map 16 of 45
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Map 17 of 45
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
World War II—Europe and North Africawith Axis, Allied & Neutral Positions in Africa December 1941
World War II—Europe and North Africawith Axis, Allied & Neutral Positions in Africa December 1941
Attack Hitler’s “soft soft
underbelly”underbelly”
Stalin’s 2nd front
Attack Hitler’s “soft soft
underbelly”underbelly”
TURNING POINT
BATTLES
19421942•Allied
invasion of North Africa
•El Alamein
TURNING POINT
BATTLES
19421942•Allied
invasion of North Africa
•El Alamein
The Italian Campaign The Italian Campaign [[“Operation Torch”“Operation Torch”]] ::
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
The Italian Campaign The Italian Campaign [[“Operation Torch”“Operation Torch”]] ::
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” Allies plan assault Allies plan assault
on weakest Axis on weakest Axis area - North Africa area - North Africa - Nov. 1942-May - Nov. 1942-May 19431943
George S. PattonGeorge S. Patton leads American leads American troopstroops
Germans trapped Germans trapped in Tunisia - in Tunisia - surrender over surrender over 275,000 troops.275,000 troops.
= Canadian= Great Britain
= United States
The Allies stem the Japanese The Allies stem the Japanese TideTide
In the first six months after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had great military success.
• Conquered much of the Asian mainland and islands in the Pacific.
• In 1942, Japan threatened the Americans in the Philippines.
• US General Douglas MacAurthur left the Philippines in March 1942, but told the people left behind, “I shall return.”
The US Fights BackThe US Fights Back
The US fights back against the Japanese.• March 5, 1942: fire-bombing raid on Tokyo.• US Navy wins the Battle of Coral Sea. This
ended the Japanese threat to invade Australia.
June 1942, Battle of Midway• US breaks Japanese code, learns their plan.• Navy led by Chester Nimitz crushes Japan.• This was a turning point in the Pacific War!
““Island Hopping”Island Hopping”
Island Hopping was the US strategy to move closer and closer to Japan.
• US fought Japan from island to island, gaining strategic advantage.
Fighting the KamikazeFighting the Kamikaze
What is a Kamikaze raid?
• Suicide attacks where Japanese pilots crashed their planes into Allied ships
Other Important BattlesOther Important Battles
The Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines, October 1944The Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines, October 1944• Japanese Navy nearly wiped out.Japanese Navy nearly wiped out.
The Battle of Iwo Jima, March 1945The Battle of Iwo Jima, March 1945• Gave the US a base to launch heavy bombers that could Gave the US a base to launch heavy bombers that could
reach Japan.reach Japan.• The fire-bombing raid on Tokyo from March 9-10, 1945, The fire-bombing raid on Tokyo from March 9-10, 1945,
destroys 250,000 buildings and kills an estimated destroys 250,000 buildings and kills an estimated 83,000.83,000.
The Battle of Okinawa, June 1945The Battle of Okinawa, June 1945• Battle for the last Japanese outpostBattle for the last Japanese outpost• 7,600 Americans and 110,000 Japanese were killed7,600 Americans and 110,000 Japanese were killed
The Philippines are retaken by MacArthur in July 1945.The Philippines are retaken by MacArthur in July 1945.
map/japan TURNING POINT
BATTLES
19441944•Battle of Leyete
Gulf, recaptured the
Philippines
19451945•Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
•Put the US 500 miles from
mainland Japan
•Began bombing mainland Japan
TURNING POINT
BATTLES
19441944•Battle of Leyete
Gulf, recaptured the
Philippines
19451945•Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
•Put the US 500 miles from
mainland Japan
•Began bombing mainland Japan
The Atomic Bomb Ends the WarThe Atomic Bomb Ends the War
As American forces As American forces neared Japan in March neared Japan in March 1945, FDR died. 1945, FDR died.
• Vice President Vice President Harry Harry TrumanTruman became became president.president.
Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference
• Held near Berlin in July 1945.Held near Berlin in July 1945.
• At the conference, the Americans, British, At the conference, the Americans, British, and Soviets issued an ultimatum to the and Soviets issued an ultimatum to the Japanese to either surrender or be Japanese to either surrender or be destroyed. (Unconditional Surrender)destroyed. (Unconditional Surrender)
• The Soviets agreed to enter the war The Soviets agreed to enter the war against Japan on August 8, 1945. They against Japan on August 8, 1945. They did so in an effort to get a claim in Japan.did so in an effort to get a claim in Japan.
The Atomic Bomb Ends the WarThe Atomic Bomb Ends the War
President Truman was told about the President Truman was told about the Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project..
• The secret development of the atomic The secret development of the atomic bomb.bomb.
• Led by Led by J. Robert OppenheimerJ. Robert Oppenheimer..
• On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was tested. It was MORE powerful than was tested. It was MORE powerful than predictedpredicted
Arguments for useArguments for use
• Japanese refused to surrender.
• Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end
war.
• Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years.
• Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with
huge Japanese losses.
• Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the
bomb
• Offered a period to surrender but declined.
Arguments opposedArguments opposed
• Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets.
• Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians.
• Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the
population.
• Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons
of mass destruction was allowable in war
August 6, 1945: HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945: Hiroshima
Before
August 6, 1945: HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945: Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945: Hiroshima
After
August 6, 1945: HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945: Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945: Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945: Hiroshima
• More than 70,000 killed instantly.More than 70,000 killed instantly.
• 140,000 dead by the end of 1945.140,000 dead by the end of 1945.
• Japan did not surrender.Japan did not surrender.
August 9, 1945: NagasakiAugust 9, 1945: Nagasaki
August 9, 1945: NagasakiAugust 9, 1945: Nagasaki
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