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Tourism as key factorfor a sustainable development
European Virtual Seminar Meeting, SinaiaApril 9th 2013
Mario Diethart, RCE Graz-Styria, University of Graz
Project LLP nr. 12-EIP-RO BUCURES 09
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Source: UNWTO, 2006
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Tourism is the biggest and fastest growing industry in the world.
There were about 1 billion international tourist arrivals in 2012.
Tourism and general travel generate about 10 % of the global GDP.
Exports of tourism services are about 5 % of total exports of goods
and services.
Tourism is the worlds largest employer. 1 in 11 jobs is supported
directly or indirectly by tourism.
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Tourist
A person traveling to and staying in places outside his or
her usual environment for a specified period of time with a
purpose of travel other than an activity remunerated from
the place visited.(UNWTO)
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Categories of tourists
International touristA visitor who travels to a country other than in which he or she is
usually resident for at least one night, but not more than one
year.
International excursionistA visitor who travels to a country other than in which he or she is
usually resident for less than 24 hours and without spending the
night in the country visited.
Domestic touristA tourist who travels internally within his or her own countryfor
not more than six months
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
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Source: Worldlywise Wiki 2011
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
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Source: UNWTO, 2011
International tourist
arrivals (million)
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Source: worldmapper.org, 2003
Tourist origins
Tourist Destinations
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International vs. domestic tourism in selected developing countries
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Small islands, coastal areas, wetlands, mountains, deserts
Preservation and damage of natural environment
Threats to biodiversity
Disruption of coasts
Deforestation
Water overuse
Urban problems
Exacerbate climate change
Unsustainable use of resources
Tourism and environment
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High cash flow
Financial leakages ( trans-national corporations)
Rural Opportunities ( equalize economic opportunities)
Investments in infrastructure
Impacts on livelihood in destination communities earnings in
Formal sector (hotels)
Informal sector (vending)
Indirect (secondary enterprises)
Tourism and economics
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Cultural transformation
Child prostitution
Gender
Tourism and society/culture
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Tourism carrying capacity
The maximum number of people that may visit a touristdestination at the same time, without causing destruction of
the physical, economic and socio-cultural environment and an
unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors' satisfaction.(UNEP/MAP/PAP, 1997)
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Tourism + Sustainability = Sustainable Tourism
tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while
protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future.
()
The objective of sustainable tourism is to retain the economic and social
advantages of tourism development while reducing or mitigating any
undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social
environment. This is achieved by balancing the needs of tourists with those
of the destination. (WTO)
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Make optimal use ofenvironmental resources that constitute a keyelement in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological
processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity.
Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conservetheir built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and
contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance.
Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economicbenefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable
employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to host
communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation.
Sustainable Tourism should:
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Source: High Moon
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Future of (sustainable) tourism (I)
Source: Justin Francis/responsibletravel.com
Travel with a purpose:
Where do you want to go? What do you need from a holiday?
Shift of focus
Real experience instead of fake tourist packages
Keeping it local:
Less western dominance
Geo-local tourism (domestic)
Hyper-local sourcing of hotels;
intelligent charges
Alternative transport:
Slow travel (different forms of transport)
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Future of (sustainable) tourism (II)
Source: Justin Francis/responsibletravel.com
Changing climates and future planning:
Destinations change their focus (winter summer)
Political changes/instabilities
Smart destinations maximise sustainability (right types of tourists)
Holiday labeling:
Democratisation of travel (changed
marketing, peer-to-peer travel advice)
Labeling of tour companies and holiday
as a whole
Thank you
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Thank youfor your attention!
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