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Title:EveryGirl'sBook
Author:GeorgeF.Butler
ReleaseDate:May14,2009[EBook#28812]
ThisisthesecondofaseriesofbooksonHowtoLive,byDr.GeorgeF.Butler.Thesebooksrange
fromchildhoodtooldage.Theboyandthegirl,theyoungmanandyoungwoman,theyoung
husbandandyoungwife,middleagedpeople,andoldpeopleareinstructedinthesebooksin
mattersoftheutmostimportancetotheirhealthandhappiness.ThefirstinthisserieswasEvery
Boys
Book.
These
two
books
are
especially
intended
for
boys
and
girls
from
ten
to
fourteen
years
of
age,buteveryfatherandmothershouldreadthem,sothey,too,canknowthetruthaboutthese
greatsexfacts,andbepreparedtoanswerchildrensquestionsnowsometimestroublesome.
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
I. HowtheStoryBegan 1
II. WhattheBeeWantedofElsiesNose 10
III.
TheHusbands
and
Wives
of
Plants
21
IV. ThePapaandMammaPartsofthePlants 34
V. TheFirstLifeonEarth 43
VI. WhereBabyAnimalsComeFrom 54
VII. WhereBabyGirlsComeFrom 62
PREFACE
Thegreatestdutyofmankindliesintheproperuprearingofourchildren.Thefactisrecognized,but
isthedutyfulfilled?Dowerearourchildrenasweshould?Thereisbutoneanswer:Wefail.
Teachingthemmanythingsfortheirgood,weyetkeepfromthemignorantly,foolishly,witha
hesitancyandneglectunpardonableknowledge,thepossessionofwhichisessentialfortheir
futurewelfare.
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Thefirstnecessityforwellbeingisahealthymindinahealthybody.Wecangiveourchildrenthat,if
wewill,byteachingthemallaboutthebody,itssourceoflife,itsdifferentfunctions,anditscare.
Thechildshouldgrowiitomaturityknowingthatthehumanbodyissomethingfine,somethingthat
accomplishesgood,somethingtobeproudofineveryway.Aboveallshouldthechildbetaughtall
concerningthe
processofreproduction,justasitistaughttheactionofthestomachorofthebrain.Bysodoing,we
canproduceabetterandhealthierandhappiergenerationtofollowours.Bywhatstrangeand
mistakenimpulseinthepastsuchabsolutelyrequiredteachinghasbeensostudiouslywithheldis
beyondallcomprehension.
Wewantthebestforourchildren.Wewantthemtogrowupwithrightthoughtsandhabits,yetwe
keepfromthemtheknowledgewithoutwhichtheirthoughtsandhabitswillsurelybeimperiled
when
there
arises
in
them
the
generative
instinct,
which
has
its
effect
upon
both
male
and
female
youthalike.iii
Wegivethemnoinformationastosexualmatters;and,whenitcomestothem,itistoooftenbutin
thewayofhalftruths,mysterious,excitingtotheimagination,anddangerous.
Yethowsimpleandnaturalthegivingofthisinformationmightbemade;andhoweasilythechild
might
be
safeguarded!
Mankind
has
demands
which
must
be
gratified.
We
have
hunger;
we
have
thirst;wehavetheimpulseofreproduction.Eachisrightandnatural.Thereshouldbenodifference
intheconsiderationofeitherofthesewants.Allaboutthemthechildshouldbetaught,fromthe
beginning,sothatallwillbenaturalandrightandcommonplaceandamatterofcourselongbefore
theageisreachedwhenthesexualinstinctisdeveloped.
Isnotthisreason?Isitnothealthful,ivlogical,commonsense?Isitnotthewholesomeandrightand
properview?
Natureisdevotedtoreproduction.Fromthecelltotheflower,andsoonupward,thecreaturesof
theworldarebutrenewingthemselves,andthelearningofthisisthegreatestandmostbeautifulof
allstudies.Allthisthechildcanbetaught.
Elementarybiology,orthestudyofsubjectsofwhatwecallzoologyandbotanycombined,canbe
madethemostattractiveofstudiestoanychildwhohaslearnedtoread.Theboyorgirlmaybe
taughtthatthetreesandflowersarelivingthingsthatarebeautifulandaremaleandfemale.The
childmay
be
shown
how
the
bees
carry
the
pollen
from
flower
to
flower,
and
how
other
plants
and
flowersareproducedinthatway.v
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Hecanbetaughtthewonderofseed,anditsconsequences.Hecanbeshownthebirdsintheir
mating,andthemarveloftheegg,andwhyitcanproduceachicken.Andthusthechild,boyorgirl,
maybeledon,throughthegradations,toastudyofthehumanbody,andhowreproductionis
providedfor
there
as
in
the
bodies
of
all
other
living
things,
vegetable
or
animal.
Beforethechild,boyorgirl,hasreachedtheageoften,longbeforethesexinstincthasbeen
aroused,thesexuallessonwillhavebeenlearnedinnocentlyandthoroughlyand,whenthechange
comes,itwillbeasnobewildering,excitingthing,butsomethinganticipated,andreceivedwitha
senseofunderstandingandresponsibility.
Thisknowledge
almost
unknowingly
acquired
as
achild,
will
mean
health
viof
mind
and
of
body,
and
theavoidanceofwhatmayresultmostevilly.
Howissexualinstructiongivennow?Intensofthousandsofinstancesnodoubtinthemajority
notatall.Lecturestoyouthofeithersexaregivensometimes,butonlywhentheyhavereached
whatiscalledtheageofunderstanding.
Hereis
where
parents
err,
and
seriously.
The
teaching
has
been
deferred
too
long.
The
young
of
eithersex,longbeforepuberty,haveacquiredsomeknowledgeofthemysterywhichshouldhave
beennomysteryatallandlateteaching,howeversoundandwise,butgivesanaddedandinviting
directiontothesubjectsuddenlymadetoassumeanewandstartlingimportance.Itarouses
curiosity,andmore.Itmaysometimesbeharmful.vii
Asfortheyouthnevertaughtatall,thosewhoacquiretheirknowledgeonlythroughaccidental
sourcesusuallyincapable,andtoooftenvicioustheircasecouldnotbeworse.Theyare
unprepared
for
one
of
the
tests
and
demands
for
life.
Their
parents
are
guilty.
Thereisnothingimpureinnature.Toguardthechildren,topreparethemforeveryphaseoflife,is
theparentsduty.Thechildispure,andtothechildallthingsarepure.Teachthechild,simplyasa
matterofcourse,allaboutthewaysofreproduction,andtotheboyorgirlpuritywillremainwhen
theageofsexualswayandimpulsecomes.Thisistheonlylawinthecase.Letitbefollowed,andthe
generationtofollowwillbeclearer,wiser,andhealthierthanisthepresentone.viii
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ItismyhopethatthisEveryGirlsBook(withEveryBoysBookwhichprecededit)willaffordthe
meanssolongneededanddesiredforteachingchildrenwhattheyshouldbetaught.Ihavetriedto
tellthestoryofsexnaturally,inaclearandsimpleway,fromthedevelopmentoflife,andoflifes
relations,fromprotoplasmallthroughorganiclifeuptomankind.Itsteachingsshouldresultinwide
promotionoftheinnocenceofknowledgewhichisbetter,infinitely,thantheimperilinginnocenceof
ignorance.
GeorgeF.Butler,M.D.
Chicago,Ill.
July1,1912.
1
I
HOWTHESTORYBEGAN
HernamewasElsieandshewasasleepinacozynookinthewoods,whichwasthebeginningofitall.
Manystrangethingsmayhappentoalittlegirlwhofallsasleepinthewoods,buttherenever
happenedtoanyotherlittlegirl,eitherasleeporawake,inthewoodsorathome,amoreimportant
thingthanthatwhichhaditsstartforElsiewhileshelaythereunderthegreenboughsbesidea
bubblingspringofcrystalclearwater,thescentofpinesandflowerssweeteningthestillair.Arobin
redbreastwhistledmelodiouslyforrain,rain,rain,andthecowsinthepasture,whodonotlike
rainaswellas2theydosunshine,lifteduptheirvoicesinprotest,callingooooohh!moooohh!
noooohh!asiftheywere
tryingtosayno,no,no!andcouldnotspeaktheEnglishlanguagewell.Itwasapeacefulwoodland
scene,ascene
into
which,
if
you
were
awake,
you
would
expect
that
arailroad
train
would
be
about
thelastthingthatcouldpossiblyenter.
ButElsiewasasleep,andinherdreamsshewassureshesawagreatlocomotiveenginecharging
downuponherwithfrightfulspeed.Assoonasshesawitshetriedtocryout,butcouldnotdoso.
Somehowshecouldnotsendasinglesoundfromherlips.Thenshetriedtojumpoutoftheway,but
wasunabletodothateither.Shecouldnotevenmoveintheslightestdegree.So,fullofterror,she
thoughtshestoodthere,3helplessly,whiletheenginerushednearerandnearer,puffingforthvast
cloudsofblacksmoke,androaringandhissingandclanking.Againshetriedtoscream,andcould
not:againshetriedtorunaside,
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butcouldnotmove.Sheseemedsosmall,sotinyandweak,besidethatmonster!Andshewondered
howitcouldpossiblybeartohurther,abig,powerfulthinglikethatitwasnotfair!Butbang!The
cowcatchercaughtherup
Andsheawoketoseeafuzzybumblebeejustalightingonhernose!
ThoughElsiedidnot,asageneralthing,caremuchforbumblebees,andwouldratherhavetheir
roomthantheircompany,shewassohighlyrelievedtofindthatthegiganticenginewasonlya
bumblebeethatshesaid,Oh!with4suchviolenceofsurpriseandgladnessthatthebee,doubtless
asmuchafraidofherasshehadbeenofthedreamengine,shotoutofsightinaninstantandshe
neversawhimafterward,
thatshe
knew
of.
Shesatamomentstaringafterhim,tryingtocollectherself,forshewasconfusedwithhersudden
awakening,andthenshejumpeduplaughing.
Whatafunnybumblebee!sheexclaimed.Iwouldnthavehurthim!Theninconsciousdignity,
proudtothinkthatshewasnowbigenoughforsomethingtobeafraidof,shetookupthepailof
waterthat
she
had
come
to
get
from
the
spring
and
hurried
homeward.
Nowifthiswereallthestoryitwouldnotamounttomuch,anditneverwouldhavegotitselftoldin
thesepages.And,5ifElsiehadbeenlikesomegirls,whoarenotchumswiththeirmothers,thestory
would
neverhavebeentoldhereeither,becauseshewouldnothaverepeatedtheadventuretoher
mamma,inwhichcasehermammawouldnothavetakenthestoryupwherethedaughterleftit,
andshownitsimportance.ButElsieandhermotherwereliketwosisters,abigandalittleone,and
therewere
not
many
things
that
happened
to
the
one
that
the
other
did
not
hear
of
very
soon.
So
awaywentElsiesingingandlaughingandswingingherpailofwater,herbrighthairblowinginwisps
aroundhersweetfacewithitsredlipsandcheeksandwhiteteeth,theprettiest,loveliestpicturein
thewholelovelylandscapeoffoliageandflowersandpasturesandmeadows.6
Nobodyintheworldeveryetfoundaprettierpictureanywherethanafreshandcleangirlis,as
everybodywilladmitifasked,andElsiewasfreshandcleanevenifshehadjustbeenrudelyaroused
fromsleep.Shebathedherwholebodytwiceeveryday,washedherfaceandhandsoften,brushed
herteeth
always
after
eating,
smiled
agreat
deal,
and
got
plenty
of
fresh
air
and
sunshine,
and
this
wasenoughtomakeanygirlfreshandcleanandpretty,oralmostenough.
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Ofcourseagirlmusteatsufficientfood,andmustbrushherhairandtakecareofhernails,andall
thoselittlethingseverybodyknowsthat.Butthemainthings,besidefood,thethings,too,that
somelittlegirlsfailin,areair,sunshine,waterandsmiles.Elsiehadall7theseandthereforeshe
lookedclean
and
fresh
and
pretty.
Shehadonadresstoo,naturally,butIdontknowjustwhatkindofaoneitwas,forthatisasmall
mattercomparedwiththebodyitself.Ithinkitwassomekindofacalico,madeforvacationfrolicing,
forElsiewasacitygirlstayinginthecountryforthesummer,andalmostanythingwasgoodenough
forthat.
SoElsie,
fresh
and
clean,
dancing
and
singing
up
the
lane,
swinging
her
pail
of
crystal
water,
the
loveliestsightinthewholelovelylandscape,cameinviewofthehousewheretheywerestaying.And
nosoonerhadshecaughtaglimpseofhermotherontheporchthan,eagertotellherfunny
experience,sheranforwardinpleasantexcitement,cryingout:8
Oh,mamma!SuchaqueerthingOh,Oh,itwasanengine,thebiggest,biggestyoueversaw
andanditsteppedonmynoseImeanitwasonlyabumblebeeandititalmostranrightover
me
Isntmylittlegirlsomewhatmixedinherspeech!smiledhermotherasElsiepausedforbreath.
IIguessIIam!Elsiefaltered.Butthen,Imsoexcited!
Yes,youareexcited,smiledhermother,puttingherarmaroundhershouldersandwalkingwith
herto
the
kitchen.
And
when
you
are
calm
you
may
tell
me
all
about
it.
SoElsiecarriedthepailofwatertothesinkandsetitonitsshelf.Andwhenshehadworkedoffher
surplusenergyinthiswayshefeltsoberenoughtotell9herstoryclearly,andshedidso,snuggledin
her
mothersarmsinthehammockontheporch.Shefinishedbysaying:
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Wasntthatafunnything,mamma,thatIshoulddreamthatthebumblebeewasanenginejust
goingtorunoverme!
Then
the
really
important
part
of
the
story
began.
Her
mother
answered:
10
II
WHATTHEBEEWANTEDOFELSIESNOSE
Yes,itmayseemfunny,butitisnatural.Whenyouwereasleepyouheardthebeebuzzingand
rumbling,andthesoundremindedyouofanengine,soyoubegantopictureanengineinyourmind,
andwith
the
queer
mixture
of
fact
and
fancy
that
are
common
to
dreams
you
thought
it
was
coming
rightatyou.Anditwasonlyabumblebeetakingalookatyourlittleredandwhitenose.
Elsieclappedherhandsandlaughed.Thensheasked:
Whatdidthebeewanttoseemynosefor,mamma?11
Hethought,perhaps,thatitwassomenewkindofabud,andhewishedtoexamineit,Mrs.Edson
smiled.Alittlegirlsfaceisverymuchlikeaprettyflower.Yourhairwastumbledallaboutyour
head,Isuppose,andyourlittlerosebudofanose,peekingthrough,attractedthebee.
AtthisideaElsielaughedagain,joyously.
But,mamma,sheasked,whyshouldthebeewishtoseemynose,evenifhedidthinkitmightbe
aflower?Dobeeseatflowers,mamma?
Elsiesmotherthrewherasuddenlookthatwasalmostastartledone.Thenshehuggedherclose
andkissedher.
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Whatagreatbiglittlegirlyouaregettingtobe,darling!shesaid,gazingfondlyather.Thisdidnot
seemto12Elsiemuchlikeananswertoherquestion,andshefixedhereyesbrightlyonhermothers
faceasif
waitingforhertogoonwithherwords.Buthermotheronlysaid:Iscarcelyrealizedthatyouwere
nolonger
my
little
baby
girl,
and
that
you
were
instead
almost
ayoung
lady,
old
enough
to
understandmanynewthings,amongthemthereasonwhyabeegoestoflowers.
Shepausedagain,lookingatherbiglittlegirlwistfully.Shewasthinking:Elsiehasbeguntobea
womannow,andIshallsoon,alltoosoon,losemybabygirl,forshewillgrowupandmarryandgo
awaytoahomeofherownandhavealittlegirllikeherself,justasIhavehadher!
Thismade
her
feel
sad,
but
she
said
nothing
to
Elsie
of
this
feeling,
for
she
13would
not
be
able
to
understanditanditwouldonlymakeherfeelsadtoo.Byandbyshewouldtellherwhatitmeantto
havea
husbandandchildrenandhomeofherown,afterherparentswerepassedaway,andshemustbegin
toprepareherforthisknowledgenow.So,finally,shesaid:
No,darling,beesdonoteatflowers,thoughtheyeatapartofthem,oraproductofthem.Themost
importantthingthattheyvisitflowersfor,asfarastheworldisconcerned,istofertilizethem.
Ferferilize!stammeredElsie.Whatisthat,mamma?
Notferferilize,darling,butfertilize,fertilize,whichmeanstomakerich,orfruitful.Asstrangeasit
mayseemthebeesandotherinsectsareofvastimportancetomenshh!14
Shesuddenlyheldupherhand,motioningforsilence,andElsie,wonderingwhatwascoming,
followedhermotherspointingfingerwithhereyes.Whatshesawwasabeehoveringoverabright
yellowbuttercupthatgrewalmostwithinreachofwhereshesat.
Watchhim!whisperedhermother.
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Elsiedidso,holdingherbreathforfearofscaringhimaway.Healightedontheflower,crawled
clumsilyoveritforasecondortwo,pausingnowandthentoburyhisheadintheblossom,buthe
didnotdoanythingelse,thatElsiecouldsee,excepttotumbleaboutveryawkwardlyandfunnilyand
thenflyawaytoanotherbuttercupandrepeattheoperation.Elsiedrewalongbreathandlookedat
hermotherinquiringly.15
Itdidnotseemasifhedidmuch,didit,dearie!shesaidinanswertothelook.Butinrealityhedid
agreatdeal,forhewhatshallIsaymarried?Yes,married!Thebeeactuallymarriedthosetwo
buttercupstogether,sothatnextseason,whenthesetwoflowers,thepapaandmamma,aredead
andgone,therewillspringupandgrowotherbuttercups,babyplants,thechildrenofthesetwo.Ifit
werenotforthebee,orotherinsects,weshouldhavenobrightflowersintheworld.
Oh!Elsies
eyes
opened
wide.
She
thought
amoment,
then,
Could
he
marry
my
nose
to
anything?sheburstforth.Butseeingtheabsurdityofthenotionbeforethewordswerefairlyoutof
hermouthshejoinedinhermotherslaughteroverit.16
No,dearie,ofcoursenot.Itisonlyflowersthatbeesmarrytogether.Andnottheleaststrangething
aboutitisthattheydonotknowtheyaredoingso.
Dontknow
what
they
are
doing!
exclaimed
Elsie.
Oh,yes,theyknowwhattheyaredoingforthemselves,buttheycanthavetheleastnotionofwhat
theyaredoingfortheflowersandindeedforthewholeworld!Withoutplantstherecouldbenolife
ofanykindonearth.Itistheplantsthatproducelife.Throughthemcomeanimals,andevenmen
andwomenandlittlegirls.Theplantsfeedontheearthandair,whichmenandanimalscannotdo.A
manoralambcannoteatthesoilorliveonair,butaplantlivesbyeatingthemineralsandgasesand
wateroftheearthandair,and17themanandthelambeattheplants,andsoareabletolive.
Withoutthe
plants
we
could
not
exist,andwithouttheinsects,whichfertilizetheplants,sothattheycangrow,theplantsthemselves
wouldsoondie.Dontyouthinknowthatwhatthebeedidwasquiteanimportantmatter,evenifit
didseemsotrivial?
Yeyes,Elsiehesitated.Shedidnotyetgraspthefulldepthofhermotherswords.Theymeantso
much!But,shecontinued,herbrighteyeseagerlyturnedonhermothersface,wedonteatthe
buttercup,mamma,dowe?
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No,sweetie,butwedoeatverygladlyapartofit,andthatisthepartthatthebeevisitedtheflower
for,andwhichhetookawayashisfeeformarryingthetwo.Canyouguesswhatitis?18
The
idea
of
a
bee
performing
a
marriage
between
flowers
and
taking
a
fee
for
it
was
a
little
too
much
forElsie,andwhenitwasaddedthatsheandhermotheratethisfeesuchalookofamazement
cameintohersweetfacethathermothercouldnothelpsmilingbroadly.
Itisthehoney,littlegirlie,shesaid.Thebeetakesthehoneyfromtheflowerandcarriesithome
tothehive,wherehestoresitupuntilhehasagreatmassofit,andthenthebeemangetsitand
sellsittothegrocer,whosellsittous.
Well!saidElsieslowly,ifthatisntstrange!Shesatamomentthinkingofthismiracle,her
motherwatchingherlovinglyandconsideringwhatsheoughttosaynext,forshehadagreatsecret
totellherlittledaughter,19asecretsogreatandimportantthatmuchwisethoughtwasrequiredto
studyoutjusthowtomakeitplaintoagirlasyoungasElsie.Besides,shewasinterestedtoknow
whatElsieherself
wouldsaynext,forshewasbringingheruptothinklogically,sothatshemightknowalwayshowto
asktherightquestionattherighttime,insteadofthewrongone.Andshewasverymuchpleased
whenElsie,insteadofputtingthelastquestionfirst,assomelittlegirlswouldhavedone,putthe
right
one
first
by
saying:
But,mamma,howcanflowersmarry!Andhowcanabeepossiblymarrythem?
Thiswastherightquestiontoaskfirst,evenifitwasakindofdoubleheadedone,becausethis
marriagewasthefirst20ofthewondersthathadamazedher,andtheanswertoitwouldlead
logicallytothefee
andthe
honey
eaten
by
people,
and
these
questions
would
be
easier
to
make
plain
after
the
first
one
wasanswered.
21
III
THEHUSBANDSANDWIVESOFPLANTS
Mrs.Edson
drew
along
breath
because
she
knew
the
time
had
arrived
when,
for
her
little
daughters
sake,shemustgivehertheinformationwhichwouldmarkhergrowthfromgirlhoodintoyoung
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womanhood,andthefactdisturbedher,forshedidnotwanttoloseherlittlegirl,eveninexchange
forthelovelyyoungladywhomsheknewwouldtakethatdearlittlegirlsplace.Butitmustbedone,
and,thankfulthatshehadstudiedthesubjectenoughtoknowhowtodoitinaniceandplainway,
shebegan:22
Inthefirstplace,dear,shesaid,youmustknowthattheflowersarethehusbandsandwivesof
plants,madesobynature.TheyareintheirwayastrulymarriedasMr.andMrs.Jonesareintheir
way,orasyourpapaandIare.Thismarriageisalawofnature,inventedtocarryontherace,
whateverthatracemaybe,whetheritisthatofmankind,orplants,oranimals,orbirds,oreven
fishes.Fornotonlydomenandflowersmarry,everythinginnaturedoesthesameturtles,frogs,
robins,elephants,everything!
Elsiewishedverymuchatthispointtoaskifhermotherhadeverseenanelephantswife,thinking
thatshemustlookratherfunny,muchdifferent,tosaytheleast,fromaflowerswife,butasthe
answercametoheratonce,23withoutaskingthequestion,shesaidnothing.Ofcoursean
elephantswifemustbeanotherelephant,astheflowerswifewasanotherflower.Butitwasallvery
singular,andthesparkleofher
eyesasshelookedintohermothersfaceshowedherinterestinwhatmightbecoming.Mrs.Edson
wenton:
Wewillbeginwithplants,becausetheycamefirstintotheworldaslivingbeings,andallotherliving
beingsnotonlyhadtheirorigininplantsbutlivebyaidofthemtothisday.Fromtheplantsgrew
animals,andfromanimalsgrewmenandwomenandlittlegirls.Ittookalong,longtimeforallthis
tocomeabout,solongthatthehumanmindfailstograsporcomprehendit;andatfirst,whenone
hearsofitforthefirsttime,itseemswhollyimpossibleand24unbelievable.Butsciencehasprovedit
tobetrue,andevenshowstheexactwayinwhichthevariouschangesweremade.Many,ifnotall,
thestepsbywhichwe
mounted
from
the
condition
of
a
tiny
speck
of
jelly
plant,
a
speck
no
bigger
than
the
point
of
a
pin,
to
becomehumanbeingsarestillinexistenceandarefrequentlyobservedbyscientists.Witha
microscopeanybodymayseethem.Soweknowthatthetheoryofevolution,asitiscalled,isatrue
one.Itisalsoanexceedinglywonderfulandbeautifultruth,fullofsecretsandsurprisesofthemost
interestinganddelightfulkind,asIshallshow.Nowletsgoandexaminethebuttercupthatthebee
justmarriedtothesecondbuttercup.
Elsiejumpedupwithalittlegurgleofjoyandranaheadofhermothertothe25flower.Thiswas
betterthanplayingsecretwithRosieandEvaandtheothergirls,fortheirsecretswerenotreal
ones,theywere
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justmadeupandtheydidnotamounttoverymuchafterall,butthiswasarealone,keptupin
earnestwiththebeesandflowers.Andnowshewastobeletintoit!Mrs.Edsonbentoverthebright
yellowblossom,takingitgentlyinherfingerstopreventitfromnoddingsobrisklyinthebreezethat
theyshouldbeunabletoexamineitclosely.
Yousee,dear,shesaid,pointingwithatwigtothedifferentpartsasshenamedthem,righthere,
intheexactcenteroftheblossom,isabunchofgreengrowingintheformofanoval,shaped
somewhatlikeaneggwiththesmallerendupward.26
Yes,oh,yes!Elsieansweredeagerly.Whatisit,mamma?
Broadlyspeakingwewillcallittheovary.Iamnotgoingtoconfuseyoubygivingyoutoomanyhard
wordsatfirst,wordslikecorolla,carpel,style,stigma,andthelike.Ishallnameonlytwopartsofthe
flowerforyoutorememberjustnow,becauseonlytwoarereallynecessarytobenamedatthis
point.Sothenameofthisoneiswhat?
Ovary!answeredElsiequickly.
Yes,ovary!Itiscalledsobecauseitcontainsovules,whicharetinyseedsoreggs.Thatisthemother
partoftheplant.
Themother!Elsiequeried.Why,mamma,isthereafathertoo?
Yes,dearie,manyplantshavebothamotherandafatherpart,whichgrow27neartogetherinthe
sameflower,whileotherplantshaveonlyafatherpart,andstillothershaveonlyamotherpart.This
buttercup
hasboth,hasboththemaleandthefemaleprinciple.Theovaryisthefemale,andhere,aboveitand
surroundingit,youseeanumberoftallerspires,yellowincolorandeachofthembearingatiny
enlargement,akindofknob,atthetop.
Yes,yes,butthatthatcantbethepapapart!Isit,mamma?shecried,examiningtherather
insignificantappearingspiresdubiously.Theydontlookmuchlikeaapapa!shesaidinsome
disappointment.Her
mother
laughed.
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Theycertainlydonotlookmuchlikeamanpapa,shereturned,buttheyformthepapapartofthe
plant,nevertheless,andaretrulythepapasofthe28babybuttercups.Andtheirnameisthesecond
onethatI
wishyoutorememberfromnowon.Itisstamen.
Stamen!saidElsie.
Yes,eachofthesestemsiscalledastamen,andtheyformthemalepartoftheplant,thefather
part.Manyplants,thoseofthesimplerkinds,haveonlyonestamenanditgrowsintheflowerso
that
its
head
hangs
right
above
the
ovary.
Here
you
see
that
all
of
the
stamens
are
above
the
ovary,
andthereasonwhytheyareplacedtherebynatureyouwillseeverysoon.WhatIwishnowisto
showyouwhythebeecametotheflower.
Iknowitwasforhoney!Isntthatwhatyousaidbefore,mamma?
Yes,darling,butdoyouseeanyhoneyhere?29
No,mamma,andIneverknewbeforethatbuttercupshadhoney.Ialwaysthoughthoneycame
fromabeehive.
Itdoescometousfromabeehive,butitcomesfromflowersfirst,andoneofthemanykindsthat
furnishitisthisbuttercup.Thebeesipsitfromtheflowers,justatinybitfromeachblossomthathe
visits,andwhenhehasenoughhetakesithometothehiveandputsitawaytoeatbyandby,inthe
winter,whentherearenoflowersgrowingforhimtorifle.Hedoesitjustasmenlayawaymoneyfor
arainyday,aswesay,andassquirrelslayupastoreofnutsforthecoldweather.Now,suppose
youcountthoseflattened,roundcorneredpartsofthebuttercuphowmanyarethere?
Five,saidElsiequickly.30
Yes,therearefiveofthem,andtheyarecalledpetals.Youwillnoticethattheyaremuchnarrower
andslighteratthebottomthantheyareatthetop.Itisatthebottomthattheyarejoinedtothe
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centralpartoftheflower.Now,justwheretheyareconnectedwiththiscentralpartthereisatiny
sackofhoney.
It
must
be
very
tiny,
said
Elsie,
regarding
the
slender
connection
earnestly,
for
there
isnt
room
enoughformuch,Imsure.Anditmustbeallcoveredup,forIcantseeanysignsofit.
Itiscoveredup.Thereisaverysmallscale,orleaf,overittoprotectitfromthoseinsectswhohave
norighttothehoney.Butthebeeknowshowtogetatit,andhedoessoveryquickly,oncehe
alightsontheblossom,aswe31havejustseenonedo.Forwhileheappearedasifheweremerely
tumblingclumsilyaroundontheflowerhewassamplingthosehoneysacks,andwesawhow
speedilyhefinishedallfive
ofthem
on
this
flower
and
then
buzzed
busily
away
to
the
other.
Hewasjustthesameasatdinner,then,wasnthemamma!Butwhydidhegototheotherflower
didnthegetallhewantedfromthisone?
No,darlingest,hegetsbutverylittlefromeachflower.Ifhecouldtakeallhewantedfromonehe
wouldneverflyrighttoanother.Andthen,ifalltheotherinsectsshoulddothesame,thewholeplan
ofnature
would
fall
through
and
there
would
soon
be
no
life
on
earth.
Elsieseyeslookedverylargewhensheheardthis.32
WouldIdie,andyou,mamma,andallofusAliceandRosie,and,oh,everybodyweknow?
Yes,dearie,
all
of
us.
Those
few
simple
plants
which
still,
in
the
primitive
way,
fertilize
themselves,
arenotenoughandaretooweaktocarryonthevegetationoftheearth,andwithouttheinsectsand
birdsandthewindwenevershouldhavebeenbornatall;fortheyarenecessarytomaketheplants
reproducetheirkindsandgrow,andtheplantsarenecessaryfoodforusaswellasfortheanimals
thatweeat,suchasthehensandducksandsheepandcows.Sonaturehasgiveneachfloweronlya
littlehoney,notenoughforthebee,andheiscompelledtoflytomanybeforehebecomessatisfied.
Andthisbringsusbacktothestamenandovaryagain,toshow33whattheyareforandhowthebee
marriesthetwoplantstogetherafterhehascollectedhisfeeofdelicioushoney.
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Iamalltention,saidElsie,insoquaintanimitationofolderfolksthathermotherwasforcedto
smile,knowingthatshehadalistenerthatwasinterested,tosaytheleastalistenerwhofeltthe
importanceandgravityofthestudywhichtheywerenowpursuing.Elsieneverattemptedbigwords
exceptwhenshefeltdignified.
34
IV
THEPAPAANDMAMMAPARTSOFTHEPLANTS
Now,saidMrs.Edson,takingholdofthebuttercupagain,youseehere,atthetopofeachstamen,
theslightenlargementthatImentioned.Itlookslikeakindofknob,anditreallyisahard,hollow
sack,orbag,containingafineyellowpowder,whichiscalledpollen.Isthatplainsofar,dearie?
Pollen,yes,mamma!Anddoyouwishmetorememberthatnametoo?
Yes,itisverynecessarythatyoushoulddoso.Youwillsoonlearnwhy.Nowlookagainatthegreen
ovary.Thatisalsohollow,andcontainsseedsoreggs,asIsaidbefore.Inplantswe35callthemseeds
and
in
animals
eggs.
And
it
is
these
seeds
that
grow
into
the
baby
plants.
But
they
cannot
grow
alone,
withouthelp.Withacertainkindofhelptheycananddogrow,andwhatdoyousupposethathelp
is?
Elsiegazedearnestlyathermother,tryingtothinkitout.Butshewascompelledtoshakeherhead
afterall.
Icantimagine,shesaid.
Nothingbutthatsomeofthepollenshallbemixedwiththem,saidhermother.
Oh,Isee,Isee!Elsiecrieddelightedly.Thatiswhythestamenswiththepolleninthemareright
overtheovaries.
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Yes,dear,youhaveguessedit.Theripepollen,fallingintotheripeovary,wouldfertilizetheseeds.
Andwith36someplants,theearlierandsimplerkinds,thisisjustwhathappens.Buthereyoucan
seethatthe
ovaryisnotripe.Itishardandgreen.Whenitisripeitscolorisyellow.Butthepollenisripenow,
youcan
see
it
all
over
the
anthers,
as
the
knobs
or
sacks
are
called.
If
the
pollen
should
fall
upon
the
ovarynowitwouldrolloffwithoutentering,andwouldbewasted.Nowwhatdoyousuppose
happens?
Thethe
Elsiehesitated,lookingwithverybrighteyesathermother,almostsureenoughtogoon,butnot
quite.It
seemed
so
peculiar,
the
thought
that
had
come
to
her,
and
she
did
not
see
just
how
it
could
be.
Youweregoingtosaythebee,werentyou?hermothersmiled.37
Ohyesandwouldthathavebeenright?Elsiecriedindelight.
Yes,thatwouldhavebeenexactlyright.Ifwehadbeennearenoughtoexaminethebeesmotions
closelyweshouldhaveseenthathealightedontheovary,andthenbegantoturnhereandtherein
ordertogetatthehoneyatthebaseofeachpetal.Ashedidsohebrushedoffsomeofthepollen,
forhewasrightinamongstthestamens,andthispowderypollenstucktohisfuzzybodyandhe
carrieditawaywithhim.
Butifhecarrieditawayhowcoulditgetintotheflowersovary?Elsieasked,puzzled.
Itdidnotgetintothisflowersovary,hermotheranswered.Naturedidnotintendthatitshould,
andthatiswhythebeeisintroduced.Forthe38otherbuttercupthatheflewto,orsomeotherone
thathe
wouldvisitafterward,wouldhaveitsovaryripe,andwhenhealightedonitinsearchofhoneysome
ofthepollenwouldbebrushedoffhisbodyrightintothisovarythatwasallreadytoreceiveit.
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Oh!Butwhatwouldhappenthen?Thelittlebabybuttercupswouldbegintogrowrightaway,
mamma?
Yes,
the
ovary
would
close
up
and
the
seeds
would
begin
to
grow,
very
slowly.
They
would
keep
on
growinguntiltheywereripeandthentheywouldbursttheircoveringandfalloutontheground.
Thoseofthemthatwerefortunateenoughtobecomeembeddedinthesoil,sothattheywouldnot
freezeinthewinter,wouldcomeoutinthespringaslittleplants,whichwouldsoonbring39forth
buttercups.Thatisthe
waywiththewildflowers.Butwiththecultivatedones,likecucumbers,apples,beans,andthelike,
allofthosethatarevaluableforeating,wearecarefultosavetheseedsandplantthemwherethey
willbesafe.Insteadofleavingthemtochancewemakeagardenandplanttheminitwheretheywill
besnugandwarm.
Andwouldnttheseedsgrow,orthelittleplantscomeup,ifthebeehadntgonetotheflowers,
mamma?
No,darling,itisthebee,orsomeotherinsect,orthebirds,thatmarryallthebrightcoloredplants
inthisway,asthewindmarriesthesoberhuedones.Withouttheseweshouldhavenovegetation.
But,mamma,marry!Whydoyousaytheymarry?Ithoughtonlymenandwomenmarried.40
Themarriagethattakesplacebetweenmenandwomen,dear,isonlyarepetitionofthemarriage
ofplants.Itsobjectisthesametoreproducetherace.Plantsbegantomarrylong,longbeforemen
andwomenevercameonearthandhavebeendoingiteversince,fortunatelyforus,becauseifthey
shouldgiveupthepracticeweshouldhavetofollowsuit.Theearthwouldgobacktothebarren
stateinwhichitwasbeforelifecametoit.
Itseemssostrange,saidElsie.Why,Ineverheardofanythingsofunny!Abee,justalittlebee,
andwithouthim
Funnyisscarcelytheword,Mrs.Edsonsmiled,butitiscertainlywonderful.Thepumpkin,the
bean,thepear,thesquash,theorange,allthefruits41andvegetablesthatweeat,andwhichthe
animalseat,must
befertilized
in
order
to
reproduce
their
kind,
and
all
the
fertilizing
is
done
either
by
the
wind,
which
blowsthepollenfromoneplanttoanother,orbybirdsandinsects.Butthisisonlyasmallpartofthe
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secretIhavetotellyou,justthebeginning.TherearemanymorewonderfulthingstocomethanI
havetoldyouyet,butIthinkthisisenoughforthefirsttime.Youwouldbetterthinkoverwhatyou
havehearduntiltomorrow,whenIwilltellyouthenextstep,whichisabouttheanimals.Thereare
fourthingsinthislessonthatyoumustremember:
First,everymaleplanthasatleastonestamen,whichbearspollen.
Second,everyfemaleplanthasoneovarywhichcontainsseeds.42
Third,theseedsintheovarymustbefertilizedbythepolleninthestamensinordertobeableto
grow
and
bear
children.
Fourth,flowersarefertilizedbybirds,insectsandthewind.
Doyouthinkyoucanrememberallthat,darling?
Oh,yes,
mamma,
Im
sure
Ican!
said
Elsie.
She
thought
amoment
and
then
added:
It
was
very
niceofthatbumblebeetomistakemynoseforaflower,Imsure,foritwasalmostasifheshould
say,Doesntshelooksweettheremustbehoneythere!ButIguesshedidntthinkIwasvery
sweetwhenIalmostscaredhimtodeath,poorfellow!
43
V
THEFIRSTLIFEONEARTH
ThenextdayElsiewassoeagerforthehourtocomewhensheshouldlearnthesecretoftheanimals
thatshehadbeenwaitinginthehammockquitealittlewhilewhenhermothercamedownstairs
andassoonassheappearedinsightElsieclappedherhandsjoyously,cryingout:
NowIshallhearhowtheanimalsgettheirhoney,shantI,mumsey?But,mumsey,thereisnt
anythinglikethepetalsofabuttercuponananimal,unlessitshisearsdoanimalshavetheirhoney
therewheretheyjointhebodylikethebuttercups?44
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Mrs.Edsoncouldnothelplaughingatthisfunnynotion.
No,darling,sheanswered,animalshavenohoneyanywhere.Intheplantsthereishoneybecause
they
must
have
something
to
attract
the
insects
to
them,
for
they
are
rooted
in
the
ground
and
cant
movearoundtocarrytheirpollentotheotherplants.Andthispollenmustbecarried,you
remember,forthatistheway,andtheonlyway,inwhichlittleonesaremadetobeborn.Sothe
flowerhasthehoneyinordertopaytheinsectformarryingit.Butanimalscanmovearound.They
cangotoeachotherandcarrytheirownpollen,sotheydonotneedhoneyoranythingbut
themselvestoattracteachother.Inanimalsthereisloveinsteadofhoney.Theyloveeachother,in
theirway,and45socometogetherandmingletheireggsandpollen.Onlyitisnotcalledpollenin
animals,asIsaidbefore.Itiscalledzosperms,
pronouncedzooosperms.Thatisanothernamethatyoumustnotforget,foritistotheanimal
what
pollen
is
to
the
plant.
And
in
order
that
little
animals
may
be
born
it
is
quite
as
necessary
that
thezospermscoverorfertilizetheeggs,as,withtheplants,itisforthepollentofertilizetheseeds.
But,mamma,saidElsie,wonderingly,yousaid,Ithink,thateveryplanthadanovary
No,darling,Isaidthateveryfemaleplanthadanovary.
Oh,yes,femaleplant!Thathasanovary,andeverymaleplanthasastamen,andIthinkyousaid
thattheymusthave,didntyou?46
Yes,dear,inordertoreproducetheirkindtheymusthavewhy?
Well,then,doeseverymaleanimalhaveastamenandeveryfemaleanovary?
Certainlydarling!Andletmerepeatthattheproductsofthetwomustbemingledinordertobring
forthlittleanimals.ThatisjustwhatIamgoingtotellyouabouttoday.
Anddoyoumean,mamma,thathoneyintheplantsgrowsintoloveintheanimals?Elsieasked,
hereyesverywide.
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Oh,thatisaverybeautifulthoughtformylittlegirltohave!Mrs.Edsonexclaimed,smoothing
Elsieshairlovingly.And,yes,thatisthetruth,putverypoetically.Loveissweet,likethehoneythat
itreplacesatleast47itisforushumanbeings.Probablywiththeanimalsitisnotofjustthesame
qualitythatitiswithus,fortheydonotactasifitwere,butatleasttheanimalsareanimprovement
ontheplantsinthis
respect,andthelovethattheyfeelforeachotherfinallyevolves,inus,tobecomethesweetthing
thatwefindittobe.
Isntthatlovelyandsostrange!exclaimedElsie.
Yes,darling,itislovely,andverystrange.Therearevariouskindsoflove,aswellasvariousdegrees
ofthe
same
kind,
but
this
is
asubject
alittle
too
deep
for
us
to
take
up
just
yet.
What
Iwish
now
is
to
teachyouhowtheanimalsmarry.AndIwillbeginbysayingthatallformsofreproduction,whichis
thenamegiventohavingchildren,48followthesameprinciple.Theanimalsmarryinawaythatis
onlya
variationoftheplantway,andmenandwomenmarryinawaythatisavariationoftheplantand
animalways.Butletusbeginright,withthefirstappearanceoflifeonearth.
Yes,mamma,Elsiecriedeagerly.Butthefirstlife!Thatmusthavebeenvery,verylongago,wasnt
it?
Itwassofarbackinthehistoryoftheworldthatwecanscarcelymorethanguesshowlongagoit
musthavebeen.Wedonotevenknowwhereitfirstappearedorjusthowitcametobe.Some
scientistsbelievethatitoccurredatthemouthoftheNileRiver,inAfrica,intherichsoilthatthe
riverdepositstherewhenitoverflowsitsbanks.Othersthinkitwasinthesea,oralong49theshores
ofsomeoceanina
tropical
country.
But
we
need
not
go
into
that
here.
What
we
do
know
is
that
the
hot
sun,
shining
on
acertainspotontheearthorsea,whichwasjustintherightcondition,producedthefirstbody
containinglifethattheglobeeverhad,andthatthisbodywasonlyalittlespeckofjellylike
substance,whichwecallprotoplasm,protoplasm.Thewordmeansfirstgrowth,foritwasthe
firstthingthateverappearedthatwascapableofgrowing.Wealsocallitacell.Nowtherewasonly
onecellintheworld.Ithadnocompanions.Andwhatdoyousupposehappened?
Itmusthavebeenverylonesome,suggestedElsie,sympathetically.
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Yes,itmusthavebeencertainlyitmustifitcouldfeelorthink.But,50atallevents,whetherornot
itdidfeellonely,itbeganrightawaytomakecompanions.Ofcourseyoucantthinkhowitdidthat,
canyou,
dear?
IIamafraidnot,Elsiehesitated.
Yetitwastheverysimplestwayimaginable.Itmerelydivideditselfintotwoparts,eachofwhich
wasjustliketheother.
Oh!exclaimed
Elsie.
But,
then,
mamma,
who
could
tell
which
was
the
father
or
mother,
and
which
wasthechild?Orweretheyjustbrotherandsister,ortwobrothers?
Therewasnotthenwhatwenowcallsex,forthatwasonlythebeginningoffamilies,sotosay,
anditwasverycrude,asallthingsarewhentheyarefirststarted.Butperhapswemightcallonecell
themotheroftheother,51sinceitisalwaysthefemale,andnotthemale,thatbringsforthchildren,
thoughnobodycouldtellwhichwasthemotherandwhichwasthechild.
Well,saidElsie,thatisthestrangestthingyet!
Itseemssotous,becauseitissodifferentfromourwayofreproducing,butitwasthenaturalway,
andthesameprocessisgoingontothisday.Evenlittlegirlsareborninamannerwhich,thoughit
appearsverydifferent,isthesameinprinciple,asweshallsee.
But,mamma,
Ithought
that
all
living
beings
were
obliged
to
have
astamen
or
an
ovary!
Sotheyareobliged,dear!Thiscellgrewuntilitwastoolargeandheavytobesupportedbyits
structure,orlackofstructure,andthenitfellapart.52Force,orgrowth,wasthestamenhere,and
thecellitself
wastheovary.
Oh,thenforceorgrowthwasthefirststamen,mamma?
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No,darling,itwasnot,unlessweshouldcallgrowththestamenoftodaywhichwemightdo,ina
way.Butthefirststamenwas,inform,arayofthesun,andthefirstovarywastheearth,soil.For
dontyourecallthatthiscell,whichwasthefirstlifeform,wasproducedbythesunshiningonthe
earthor
sea?
Elsieponderedonthisamoment.Thenherfacebrightened.
Oh,nowIsee!sheexclaimed.Andwhatabeautifulsetofchanges,likerealpoetry!Thestamenin
aflower,andgrowth,andarayofsunlightarealloneatbottom!53
Yes,darling,itisbeautifulpoetry,whenonecomesthoroughlytounderstandit.Andwhenwefind
thatloveisthesourceofallthesedifferentformsandprocessesitbecomesmorebeautifulthan
ever.Nowletusgoonalittlefurtherandyouwillseehowthatis.
Pleasehurry,mamma!saidElsie.IwishtofindoutwhereIcamefrom,andyouaregoingtotell
methat,arentyou?
Certainly,darling!ThatiswhatIhavebeenleadinguptoallthistime.Nowwewillspeakofa
numberofhighergrowthsthanthesinglecellsare,forthereareseveralthingsyettobemadeplain
beforeyouwillbeabletounderstandthehighestgrowthofall,whichisthatofahumanbeinglike
yourself.
54
VI
WHEREBABYANIMALSCOMEFROM
Atthatmomenttheresoundedahoarsenoisenearby,whichwasfollowedbyasplash,asifsome
bodyhadtumbledintothepond.Elsielookedathermotherroguishlyandsaid:
OldCroaky!
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OldCroakywasagranddaddybullfrogwithwhomtheywereverywellacquainted,forhesangfor
themeveryevening.
I
am
glad
that
he
spoke
just
as
he
did,
Mrs.
Edson
smiled,
for
he
reminds
me
that
frogs
are
as
goodanexampleasIcantakenext.Hebelongstooneofthelowerclassesofanimals,notso55very
muchhigher
thantheplants.Now,intheplants,youwillremember,itwasnecessaryforthepollentoenterthe
ovaryinordertoreachandfertilizetheseeds.Butwiththefrogitisnotso.Thefemalelaystheeggs
first,andjustassheisdoingsothemaleplaceshimselfinsuchapositiontowardsherthathecan
minglehiszospermswithhereggsastheycomeout.Thatfertilizesthemandtheyimmediately
begintogrow.Firsttheybecometadpoles,andthenlittlefrogs.
What,wasOldCroakyeveralittletadpole,mumsey?
Yes,darling,hewas.Everyfrogwasonce.Andbeforethathewasanegg,oneofmany,inhis
mothersovary,anditissowithallanimals.Theyallofthemhaveeggsandzosperms,just56asthe
plantshave
pollenandseeds.Only,withmostoftheanimals,thezospermsmustentertheovaryinorderto
fertilizetheeggs,asisthewayoftheplants.Anditisthesamewiththebirds.Theyarehigher,thatis
later,in
the
scale
of
life
than
the
frogs
are.
Now
the
higher
the
creature
the
more
complicated
becomestheprocessofreproduction,eventhoughtheprincipleisalwaysthesame.Itisalways
growth,alwaysthelifewithin,forcingitselfouttotakeform,anditisonlytheformsthatchange.
Thelifeandforcewithinarethesamethatthefirstsinglecellhad.
Itisverywonderful,mamma,Elsiesaid,awedbythemystery,eventhoughshewasveryfarfrom
graspingthewholeofit.Andthebirds,mamma,57havetheystamens,andeggsinside?Ithought
theireggs
wereoutside,inalittlenest.Andsomeofthemare,mumsey,because,youknow,Ihaveseenthem
lotsoftimes.
Yes,theeggscomeoutwhereyoucanseethem,intime,asthefrogsdo,butatfirsttheyareinside
themotherbird,astheyarewiththefrogsandallanimals.Only,itisnotwiththebirdsasitiswith
thefrogs,forthebirdseggsmustbefertilizedbythemalezospermswhiletheyarestillwithinthe
motherbird.Thezospermsmustentertheovaryasthepollenmustentertheovaryoftheplant.So
themalebird,likemostmaleanimals,hasastamenwhichisarepetitionofthatoftheflower,made
ofsuch
ashape
that
it
can
reach
the
eggs
in
the
mother
birds
ovary
and
58fertilize
them
there.
Then
theycomeout,theyarelaid
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aswesay,andweseetheminthenestwhichthemotherandfatherbirdshavepreparedforthem.
Andjustastheseedsneedtobecoveredandkeptwarm,whentheyhavefallenfromtheripepods
totheground,inorderthattheymayliveandgrowintobabyplants,sothebirdseggsmustbe
coveredandkeptwarmandsafeinorderthattheymaygrowintobirdies.Itisjustherethatyoumay
seewherethehoneyoftheplantsbeginstobecomeloveinthehigherspecies.Forinsteadofleaving
theeggstobeprotectedornot,accordingtochance,asisthewayoftheplants,themotherbird
coversandwarmsandprotectsthemherself.Shesitsonthenestandkeepsthemsafewithherown
bodyandfeathers.Isnt59thatlovely!Andthefatherbirdgoestomarketinthewoodsandfieldsand
bringsherthedaintiestandbest
foodhecanfind.
Isnthenice!saidElsieappreciatively.
Yes,heisnice,andsoishiswife,themotherbird.Justthink!Abirdisthemostenergeticand
tirelesscreatureinallanimatednature.Itisalwaysonthemove,urgedbytheforceandoverflowing
lifewithinitsbody,andtosittherequietlyallaloneontheeggsdayafterdayandnightafternight
oh,itmustbehard,sohardthatwecanscarcelyrealizetheextentofthesacrificesheismakingfor
herlittlechildren.Thatiswhatloveislike.Andthehigheracreatureisinthescaleoflifethemore
loveithas,until,inmenandwomen,60theacmeisreachedandtheynotonlygiveuptheircomfort
foreachother,andespeciallyfor
theirchildren,
but
even
their
lives
themselves.
With
human
beings
one
can
tell
how
high
agiven
one
isinthescaleofhumanitybytheamountoflovehehas.Somepersonshaveverylittle,andtheyare
nearertheanimalplane:somehaveagreatdeal,andthemoretheyhave,thelessselfishtheyare,
thehighertheyhaverisen.Forloveistherealstamenthatfertilizestheworldandmakesitgrow,
andthemoreonehasofitthemorelifeonegivestotheuniverse.
Elsiefeltverygraveforsomemoments,thinkingoutthisdeepmatter.Itwastoocomplexforherto
realizewholly,butshecaughtglimpsesoftheimmortalbeautyoftheideasandshewasawed61by
it.
Suddenly
shethrewherarmsaroundhermothersneckandkissedherpassionately.Ithadoccurredtoherall
atoncehowmuchhermotherlovedherandhowmuchshemusthavesacrificedforhersakeduring
alltheyearsofherlittlelife,andthoughshehadnoconceptionofthefullextentofthesacrificeshe
sawenoughtomakeherfeellikecryingforveryloveofthatdearandsweetmamma.Hermother
understoodherandtakingherinherarmshuggedherclosely,sittinginsilencewithherforalong
time,bothofthemtoofullofloveforeachothertospeak.Andsothelessonforthedayended.
62
VII
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WHEREBABYGIRLSCOMEFROM
Now,mumsey,criedElsiethenextday,runningtohermotheratthehoursetasidefortheirbaby
talks,
I
know
what
comes
nextits
I,
isnt
it?
Yes,darling,itsyou.AnditsI,too.Isntthatabeautifulthought,thatyouandIheldthesame
relationtoeachotherthatthemotherbirdholdstotheeggfromwhichthebirdiescome!Foronce
youwereatiny,tinyegginsidemammajustasitwaswiththebirds.
Ohh!gaspedElsie,gazingathermotherinbewilderment.Shecouldnot63realizesuchan
astounding
thing
at
once.
Yes,darling,Mrs.Edsonwenton,everyfemalehumanbeinghasanovary,justaseveryfemale
flowerhas,andjustaseveryfemalebirdhas;and,alsolikethem,shehasseedsoreggsinthisovary.
Andshehasagreatmanyofthem.Theyhavebeengrowingwithinhereversinceshewasababy,
andwhensheisabouttwelveyearsoldtheybegintoripen,oneatatime,andpassfromtheovary
intoanestthatisallreadyfortheminsidethefemalebody.Thisnestwecallthewomb.Atfirst,
whilesheissoyoung,thewombisnotstrongenoughtoholdtheeggwhileitgrows,sotheeggsoon
leavesitsnesttocomeintotheworldandbelost,assoverymanyseedsoftheplantare.Asit
64doesso
it
acts
in
such
away
on
the
young
girl
that,
when
she
first
becomes
aware
that
something
whichseemsstrangeishappeningtoher,
sheisfrightenedanddoesnotknowwhattodo.Andasyou,darling,arenowattheagewhenthis
mustcometoyouverysoon,Iamgoingtoprepareyouforit,sothatyoumayknowthatitisnatural,
comingtoallgirlsofaboutyourage,andthatthereisnothingtobealarmedover.Allthetalksthat
wehavehadwereintendedasakindofintroductiontothiseventanditsconsequences,foritisthe
greatestthatentersagirlslifebeforeshehasgrownfullytobeawoman.Andyouwereonceoneof
thesetinyeggs.Morethanthat,younowhavewithinyourbody,agreatnumberofthatverykindof
eggsfromwhichyousprang.65
Elsiesatwithhereyesinbreathlessinterestonhermother,sofilledwithwonderandspeculation
thatshecouldnotaskasinglequestion.Mrs.Edsonproceeded:
Imustrepeatdear,becauseitissoveryimportantforyoutoremember,thateverywomanhasan
ovarywhichcontainsmanyseedsoreggs,justasthefemaleflowerhas.Theseeggs,ifleft
unfertilized,willpassfromthebodyandnevergrowanymore.Buteachone,iffertilizedbythepapa,
asthe
birds
eggs
were,
and
as
the
flower
seeds
were,
will
stay
in
alittle
nook
inside
the
mothers
body,whereitwillgrowandgrowuntilthetimecomesforittoburstforthintotheworld,following
8/14/2019 Every Girl`s Book
26/42
thesameprinciplethatthefirstcellfollowedinreproducing,andwhichalllivingthings66follow
always.Thelifewithinforcesitaway
fromtheparent,tobecomeaseparategrowth.Thenitwillcomeforth,andbehold,thetinyseedor
egghasgrowntobeababygirlorboy,weighingseveralpounds!
Ohh!Elsiegaspedagain.AndthatishowhowIcametobeborn,mamma!
Yes,darlingest,itisthewayinwhicheverylivingpersonwasborn.Thereisnot,andtherecannot
be,anyotherway.Eachchildisapartbothofitsfatherandmother.Theegginthemotherwould
nevergrowintoababyunlessithadfirstbeenfertilizedbythefather,whodoessothroughhisgreat
loveforthemamma,justaswiththebirdsandanimals,thoughhisloveisofahigherkindthanthat
ofthe
lower
orders.
67
Anddoesthemotherwomanwarmtheeggsasthebirdinthenestdoes,mamma,whilethepapa
manbringshernicethingstoeat?
Yes,dearie,onlythemotherwomanhasthenestinsideherbody,asIhavesaid,andshekeepsthe
littleonesafeandwarmtheremuchlongerthanthebirdsitsonhernest.Andthinkofalltheyears
afterthe
baby
is
born
that
she
waits
on
and
cares
for
it!
There
is
no
other
love
that
equals
in
devotionthatofthemother.
Elsie,withoutaword,hereyesswimmingintears,kissedhermotheraffectionately.Shehadrealized
alittlemoreofwhatsheowedtoher.
Now,saidMrs.Edson,Imusttellyouhowtocareforthisnestinwhich,byandby,whenyouhave
grownup
68and
have
ahusband
and
are
strong
enough,
you
will
be
keeping
alittle
baby
of
your
own.
Becausemanygirlswhobecomemarrieddonotknowthesethingsthereisadreadfulamountof
sicknessandmiseryintheworld,allneedless.Anditdoesseemtoobadwhenmerelyafewwords
attherighttimewouldhavesaveditall!
OfcourseElsiewasnotoldenoughtounderstandhowthiscouldbe,soshesaidnothing,butsat
lookingearnestlyathermotherasshewenton:
8/14/2019 Every Girl`s Book
27/42
Inthefirstplace,dear,youmustknowthatthelittlebabysnest,whichwecallthewomb,isplaced
inthelowerportionofthewomansbody,justabovetheprivateparts.Perhapsitisputthere
becauseitisthesafestplaceforitinthewholebodyfortheeggsand69wombareverydelicate,
andmustnotbeexposedtoanydangerofinjury.Soitgrowsintheinteriorofthetrunk,where
outsidedangerswouldbeless
likelytoreachandspoilit,sothatthewomanwouldbesickallherlifeandneverhaveanychildren.
Manyhopelessfemalecomplaints,endingwithprematureandpainfuldeath,arecausedbylackof
propercareofthewombanditsentrance.Thatcareconsistschieflyinpreventingthewombfrom
beingtouchedbyanything,andkeepingtheentranceclean.Itisverysimplejustkeeptheentrance
cleanandthewombuntouchedbyanything.Anobservanceofsuchslightrulesasthesewouldhave
savedmanyandmanyapoorsoulfromalifeofcontinualmiseryandsuffering.70
I
have
told
you,
dear,
long
ago
how
to
keep
the
entrance
clean.
And
now
that
you
will
soon
begin
to
menstruate,asthepassingoutoftheeggsiscalled,Ishallhavebutlittletoaddtowhatyoualready
know,butIwillrepeatitfromthebeginninginorderthatyoumayhaveitallclearinyourmind.
First,bathetheentranceeverytimeyoubathetherestofyourbody,andatsuchothertimesasyou
mayfeeltheneedofdoingso.Neverneglectthis.Itmayhaveevilconsequences.Justkeepitclean,
andnevertouchitforanyotherpurpose.Andbecarefultouseonlyyourowntowels,fordiseaseis
easilycommunicatedtothesepartsbyclothsthatarenotclean,andyounevercanbetoocarefulin
thisrespect.Itisplainenough,andeasyenoughtodo,71isntitdarlingandyouwillalways
rememberaboutit,wontyou?
Oh,yes,mamma,thatiseasyenough!Elsiesaidquickly.Icouldrememberalotmorethanthat,
Imsure.
Itwouldhavebeensoinfinitelymuchbetterforsomanypoorsickcreaturesiftheyhadknownand
rememberedeventhat!Mrs.Edsonsighed,holdingherlittledaughterclosely,asifshewould
protecther
from
not
only
that
harm
but
all
others.
But,
she
continued,
I
must
now
tell
you
what
youmaybeexpectingtocometoyoubeforelong,whenitwillbehardertokeeptheentranceclean
thanithasbeensofar,andwhentokeepitcleanwillbemorenecessarythanever.
Everytwentyeightdays,dearie,beginningwithyouverysoonnow,there72willbeaflowofblood
intothelittlebabysnest,thewomb,andthiswillcomeoutofyourbodythroughthisentranceto
thewomb.
As
soon
as
you
see
any
signs
of
it
on
your
body
or
clothing
you
must
come
right
and
tell
me,
as
you
wouldifyouhadcutyourfingerorstubbedyourtoeonastone.Itissomethingtobeveryproudof
8/14/2019 Every Girl`s Book
28/42
foritshowsthepossibilityofmotherhood,anditmustbegiventheverybestcare,whichis,asIhave
said,chieflytokeepthepartsclean.Byandbywhenyouaregrownoldenoughandstrongenough,
andhaveahusband,whowillfertilizetheeggs,oneofthemwillgrowintoalittlebaby,butitwillbe
alongtimeyetbeforethatcanbe,anduntilthenyouwillhavethisfloweverytwentyeightdays,for
thesakeofyourhealth.This73bringsmoreworkforthewombtodo,whilethemenses,astheyare
called,continue,andthereforeyoumayfeeloutofsortsbothmentallyandbodilyfortwoorthree
days.Butthiswillpassaway
whentheflowceases,andifpropercareistakenofthewombandpassagesyouwillneverfeel
anythingworsethanthis.Somewomenfeelgreatpainatthistime,butalmostalwaysthereasonis
thatsomeoftheirinternalpartshavebeeninjuredinonewayoranother.Sometimeslackofproper
food,sufficientfreshairandsun,ornotenoughexerciseandcleanwaterareresponsiblefora
portionofthepain.Inordertohavestrongreproductiveorgansawomanshouldbehealthyinall
bodilyways,andanythingthatshecandotoimprovehergeneralhealthwillbefavorableto74herat
thetimeofthemensesaswellasatall
times.Doyouthinkyouunderstandallthis,darling,andcanrememberit?
Idontknow,mamma,saidElsiehesitatingly.Thereisalottoit,butIlltry.
Thatismydearlittlegirl!Totryisthenextthingtodoing.Onlyrememberthatwhenyoudont
knowwhattodo,andhavetried,cometomamma.Thatisonegreatreasonwhymammasareto
helplittle
girls
who
have
tried.
Elsiekissedhermotherwarmly,andthensatlookingdreamilyouttowardsthewoods.Shehad
learnedmanystrangethingsandwasthinkingthemover.Suddenlyshespoke,asifunconsciously,
saying:75Who
wouldeverhavethoughtthatsomuchcouldcomeoutofit!
Outofwhat?hermotherasked.
Why,outofabeetryingtosteponmynose!saidElsie.
(TheEnd.)
8/14/2019 Every Girl`s Book
29/42
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