© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

June ,2017

Hitachi, Ltd.

EV Contributing to Integration of Renewable Energy

“Introduction of Maui project”

～JUMPSmartMaui～

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

1. Maui Project Background / Goals

2

Background • Ambitious State goal – 100% renewables in 2045

(35% as of December 2015 including 72MW wind / 72MW solar)

• High penetration rate of rooftop solar (about 1 / 10 customers)

• EV acceptance

Project Goals • Increase renewables by distributed energy resource (DER) management

• Manage electric power quality by control of DERs

• Develop solutions for high penetration of electric vehicles on the grid

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved. 3

Island of Maui Household as volunteer

Wind power DC Fast Charger

Storage battery

Photovoltaic

ICT

Transmission

EMS

Power Line

Power Line

LV Transformer μＤＭＳ

ＤＭＳ

Distribution

配電変電所

ICT

PV with Smart PCS

L3 Chargers

配電網制御システム

Billing, Membership Incentive

EVECC

Battery Power Line

LV Transformer μＤＭＳ

ADMS

Distribution

Substation

ICT

PV with Smart PCS

DCFast Chargers

EVECC

EV with Normal Charger

Battery

Billing, Membership Incentive

Phase1: Demonstration was

implemented by 200 EVs and 30

Residences in whole island of Maui.

Phase2: Establishment of EV-Virtual

Power Plant

EVECC: EV Energy Control Center, ADMS: Advanced Distribution Management System,

LV: Low Voltage, DOE: Department of Energy

■ EV batteries are utilized as stationed Batteries for storing excess energy

and controlling frequency fluctuation.

2-1. Maui Project Phase1: Overview

Wind

Power PV Thermal

Power

Phase1 Phase2

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

Lahaina

Wailea

Hana

Kahului

Wailuku

Kaanapali

Maalaea

Pukalani

Makawao

Haiku

Paia

Kula

Wailua

Kapalua

Kihei

2-2. Maui Project : Locations of Equipment

4

µDMS 15 sets

Local Battery 9 sets

Switch 12 sets

Bulk Battery

(Lead Acid; 576kWh)

Bulk Battery x 2sets

(Li-Ion; 153kWh x 2)

Level 2 Chargers 200set

EV-PCS 80sets

Servers

（DMS, EVECC, DLC）

SVC(400kVar)

DC Fast Chargers

DC Fast Charger

Stations 13 stations

Home Gateway 30sets

Smart PCS 10sets

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

2-3. Maui Project Phase1: Approach(1) Example of DCFC installation

Volunteer recruit kick-off

Ceremony

@ Queen Kaahumanu Center

Jun 15, 2013 4:30 pm - 6:00 pm

5 DCFC: Direct Current Fast Charger

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

2-4. Maui Project Phase1: Approach (2) : Data of EV DCFC usage

6

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

The number of utilization has increased

from the start of demonstration

Period

EV-kwh Charge Usage

Consumption

at DCFC

Distance

(mile) Estimated

Drive

Distance

*1

Gasoline vehicle A Gasoline vehicle B Gasoline vehicle C

Gasoline

consumption

(gallon)

CO2

emission

(Kg)

*2

Gasoline

Consumption

(gallon)

CO2

emission

(Kg)

*2

Gasoline

Consumption

(gallon)

CO2

emission

(Kg)

*2

2013 Sep.

-2016 Dec. 777,494 2,915,378 112,130 997,957 97,179 864,893 126,756 1,128,128

*1 Average electricity consumption of an EV based on usage consumption at DCFC

*2 Amount of CO2 emission is calculated based on USA (Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator)

DCFC: Direct Current Fast Charger

Early evening is peak-time for charging

(when people come back to home)

Estimation of CO2 emissions on gasoline vehicles when they drive same distance with EV ※

Nu

mb

er

of ch

arg

e [d

aily

] (2013 Sep. – 2015 Dec.)

2015 2014 2013

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

(2013 Sep. – 2016 Sep.)

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2-5. Duck Curve

Data from MECO

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

Sunday 10/23/2016

(a)

Over-generation risk

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3-1. Maui Project Phase2: Overview

By demonstration in highly RE penetrated area like Maui:

Phase2 will evaluate using integrated, controlled EV battery discharge

and management of distributed loads including V2X, as a “Virtual

Power Plant (VPP) ”

V2H (Vehicle to Home) V2G (Vehicle to Grid) VPP (Virtual Power Plant)

Phase2: Demonstration with “Dis-charging” function

Virtual Power Plant (VPP):

Aggregating and optimizing available distributed energy resources (such as EV,

storage and home side energy capability) to use optional energy sources

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

3-2. Maui Project Phase2 : Use Case “EV-Parking”

9

EV

PCS

EV

PCS Distribution

board Parking lot

LOAD

Battery

EV

PCS

Home

appliances

Smart

PCS

EV

PV PV

EV and Battery charging

by PV excess energy

EV discharge for peak cut

EV users'

behavior

Features

EVs can be charged at workplace , and system allows controlled discharge to buildings in case

of emergency.

Batteries of vehicles returning home also can potentially be discharged during sunset peak

hours.

day night night

EV-Parking (Workplace ) Home (V2H in night time)

day night night

Expected Benefits

- Keep reducing curtailment of wind and solar power

- Increase flexibility for adjusting RE fluctuation

V2B and V2G functions allow charging during the mid-day period when excess solar power is available, and

discharging during the evening peak. This function will be tested at the office of the largest shopping mall

on Maui.

EV charging