European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 1
Implementation of best available techniques (BAT)under the new
European Union Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive
A step forward for controlling pollution from industrial activities
Ivan JankovEuropean IPPC Bureau
Sustainable Production and Consumption Unit Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 2
European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)
20 staff within the Sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) Unit of the Institute for Prospective
Technological Studies (IPTS)
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 3
What is an EU Directive?
A Directive lays down the aims, scope and key requirements that the Member States must transpose into their national legislation
It does not prescribe all details – many detailed issues must be determined by the Member States themselves, e.g. limit values, permit fees, inspections, penalties for breaches
Member States free to:
extend scope of activities covered
implement before Directive deadlines
superimpose national policies / impose stricter requirements
choose different permitting procedures
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 4
Evolution of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) regulatory framework
Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996
concerning integrated pollution prevention and control
Directive 2008/1/EC of 15 January 2008
concerning integrated pollution prevention and control
(Codified version)
Directive 2010/75/EU of 24 November 2010
on industrial emissions
(integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 5
IED amends a number of EU legislations
It amends existing legislation concerning industrial emissions:
Large Combustion Plants (LCP) Directive 2001/80/EC
Waste Incineration (WI) Directive 2000/76/EC
Directive on VOC emissions from solvents 1999/13/EC
Directives related to the titanium dioxide industry 78/176/EEC, 82/883/EEC and 92/112/EEC
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation 166/2006
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 6
Annex 1 to the IED
~ 50 000 IPPC installations in Europe
Wide range of industrial activities listed:Energy industries – LCP, refineriesProduction and processing of metalsMineral industries
• Cement, lime, glass, ceramics
Production of chemicals Waste management industries
• Incineration• Some recovery or disposal operations
‘Other’ industries:• Pulp and paper, textile processing• Tanning of hides and skins• Intensive farming of pigs and poultry, slaughterhouses and animal by-product
processing, food drink and milk processing, surface treatment using solvents
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 8
Other related legislation
Seveso Directive (industrial accidents)
Water Framework Directive (quality standards for 41 priority substances)
Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (for municipal sewage)
Air Quality Directive (quality standards for NOX, SO2, PM, lead, benzene, CO)
National Emission Ceilings Directive (national total emission controls for NOX, SO2, VOCs, ammonia)
Landfill Directive (technical requirements for landfills)
Environmental Liability Directive (in the case of environmental damage)
EMAS Regulation (voluntary environmental management, audit and reporting scheme)
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 9
Key instrument for minimising emissions and consumptions from most industrial activities.
General framework:
The purpose is to prevent and, if not feasible, reduce pollution from industrial activities;
Achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole (avoiding shifting pollution from one environmental medium to another);
Installations must be operated according to an integrated permit issued by competent authorities, containing emission limit values based on Best Available Techniques (BAT).
The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control System
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 10
Definition of BAT
Best Most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole;
Available Developed on a scale which allows implementation in the relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions;
Techniques Both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and decommissioned.
Note: in determining BAT, special consideration should be given to the criteria listed in Annex III of IED
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 12
‘BAT reference documents’ (BREFs)
Provide ‘BAT conclusions’ which shall be the reference for setting permit conditions
Structured and prepared on the basis of established guidelines
Based on an intensive exchange of information on:
the performance of installations and techniques in terms of emissions and consumptions, etc.
the techniques used, associated monitoring, economic and technical viability, etc.
best available techniques and emerging techniques identified after considering all the issues concerned
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 13
Industrial Emission Directive (IED) operating scheme
Prevention and control of pollution arising
from industrial installations
Application of the best available techniques (BAT)
described in BAT reference documents (BREFs)
BAT-based permit and emission limit values
Industrial Emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) Directive
1 legislation
35 BREFs
~50 000 installations
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 14
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
Purpose and actors (1)
Article 13 Forum
35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)
Article 75 Committee
TWG members:• Collect and exchange information• Provide expert opinions• Contribute to discussions• Participate in TWG meetings• Comment on BREF drafts
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 15
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
Purpose and actors (2)
Article 13 Forum
35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)
Article 75 CommitteeEIPPCB: •Steer exchange of information and work of TWG•Analyse / validate information from TWG•Actively participate in collection of information•Propose draft texts for BREF•Present BREF at the Forum
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 16
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
Purpose and actors (3)
Article 13 Forum
35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)
Article 75 Committee Forum:•Oversee exchange of information•Nominate experts to TWG•Give opinion on the BREFs•Give opinion on the guidance documents•Advise on EIPPCB work programme
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 17
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
TWG• Industry
• Member States• NGOs
• Commission
Purpose and actors (4)
Article 13 Forum
35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)
Article 75 CommitteeCommittee:•Vote on the BAT conclusions•Vote on the guidance documents
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 18
Industry Member States+ EFTA and Accession Countries
Env. NGOs Commission/EIPPCB
TWGkick-off meeting
Draft 1 (D1)
Draft 2 (D2)
Final TWG meeting
The ‘Sevilla process’
Final draft
Bulk of info. needed(incl. questionnaires)
Comments
BREFBREF
BATBATconclu-conclu-sionssions
• Forum opinion on BREF• Adoption of BAT conclusions through the Committee
BATBATconclu-conclu-sionssions
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 21
Information exchange tool: BATIS
TWG scattered around Europe => infrequent face-to-face interactions
Electronic tool: BAT Information System (BATIS)
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 22
Dynamic aspects of BAT and review of BREFs
BAT is a dynamic concept, e.g.:
New techniques may emerge;
Science and technology in constant evolution;
New environmental processes are being successfully introduced into the industry;
Costs of techniques change.
Since the elements of BAT change over time, BREFs have to be reviewed and updated as appropriate.
Purpose of a BREF review:
Not to rewrite the whole BREF;
Review new information which may affect BAT;
Correct errors and inconsistencies with other BREFs;
Improve user-friendliness and fill possible gaps.
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 23
First series (33 documents) completed in 2007
Review process started:
Cement & Lime (2005); Iron & Steel, Pulp and Paper, Glass (2006); Non-Ferrous Metals, Tanneries, Common Waste Water/Waste Gas (2007); Refineries, Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs, Ferrous Metals (2008); Chlor-Alkali (2009); Large Volume Organic Chemicals (2010); Large Combustion Plants, Wood-based Panels (2011).
Work program 2012 – 2013:
2 reviews start per year;
2012-2013: Wood Preservation with Chemicals Products, Waste Treatments, Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and others, Waste Incineration.
Review of BREFs
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 24
Review processfor the Iron and Steel Industry BREF
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 25
Milestones in the review process for the IS BREFOctober 2005 Activation of the TWG for the review of the Iron and Steel
BREF and submission of TWG wishes
September 2006 TWG kick off meeting
February 2008 First draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF (1250 comments received)
July 2009 Second draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF (1385 comments received)
January 2010 Third draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF
February 2010 Final TWG meeting
April 2010 Fourth draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF
October 2010 Fifth draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF
June 2011 Final draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF
September 2011 Forum opinion on the full BREF including BAT conclusions
November 2011 Adoption of the BAT conclusions by the Committee
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 26
Restructuring and rewriting of the document, including:
introduction of 115 new references;
improving or replacing of 160 pictures;
improving and updating of 180 tables.
Assessing and consideration of approximately 3000 comments;
Adoption and modification necessary according to the IED:
95 BAT conclusions in one chapter of the BREF with a new format (including description, applicability)
the BAT conclusions will be a stand-alone document);
adapting of standard texts.
Main updates and changes in the revised IS BREF
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 27
This document addresses industrial activities specified in Annex I to the IED, namely:
Activity 1.3: Production of coke;
Activity 2.1: Metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting and sintering;
Activity 2.2: Production of pig iron or steel (primary and secondary fusion) including continuous casting, with a capacity exceeding 2.5 tonnes per hour.
The document also covers pelletisation plants.
Scope of the IS BREF
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 28
Casting /
1
ores
fluxes
coal
BlastFurnace
hot blast
reductantinjection
Basic Oxygen Furnace
Steel products
electric energy
PelletisationPlant
hot metal
oxygen
CokingPlant
SinterPlant
SecondaryMetallurgy
Slag Processing
Rolling /Finishing
Casting /SecondaryMetallurgy
Rolling /Finishing
2scrap
hot metal
Electric ArcFurnace
Scope of the IS BREF
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 29
The key environmental issues are:
the reduction of emissions to air and water;
efficient energy and raw material usage;
minimisation, recovery and the recycling of process residues;
effective environmental and energy management systems;
nuisance by noise emissions.
The key environmental issues in IS Production
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 30
Preface
Scope
Chapter 1: General Information
(Steel production related data and key environmental issues)
Chapter 2: General processes and techniques
Chapter 3: Sinter plants
Chapter 4: Pelletisation plants
Chapter 5: Coke oven plants
Chapter 6: Blast furnaces
Chapter 7: Basic oxygen steelmaking and casting
Chapter 8: Electric arc steelmaking and casting
Structure of the revised IS BREF
Section 1- Applied processes and techniques
Section 2- Current consumption and emission levels
Section 3- Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT
EMS, LCP, materials and water
management, monitoring, noise
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 31
Chapter 9: BAT conclusions for iron and steel production
Chapter 10: Alternative ironmaking techniques
Chapter 11: Emerging techniques (related to chapter 2 – 8)
Chapter 12: Concluding remarks and recommendations
References
Glossary
Chapter 13: Annexes
Structure of the revised IS BREF
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 32
Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 33
Sinter plants are the major source for dust, heavy metal and dioxin emissions in IS production from ores
Untreated waste gases from sinter plants are characterized by:
high content of fine particles;
high concentrations of dioxins, Hg, SO2, HF and HCl;
high specific dust resistivity due to high alkaline content.
Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 34
Typical system arrangement for control of dust, PDCC/F, HCl, HF and SOx emissions
Additives
required:pre -dedusting
Option:
• return tosinter strand
• treatment• disposal
sinter strand
waste gas suction
mixing drum
• Disposal• treatment• return to
sinter strand
Cyclone
ESP
Bag filter
required:
filter internal dust return
optional:pre-dedusting
Option:
• return tosinter strand
• treatment• disposal
sinter strand
waste gas suction
mixing drum
• Disposal• Return to sinter strand
Cyclone
ESP
Cyclone
ESP Bag filter
required:
filter internal dust return
Additive
injection Stack
Lim
e
(HC
l, HF
, precoating)
Ca
rbo
n a
dd
itive
(PC
DD
/F, H
g)
Wa
ter, lim
e
(SO
2 )
Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 35
20. BAT for primary emissions from sinter plants is to reduce dust emissions from the sinter strand waste gas by means of a bag filter.
BAT for primary emissions for existing plants is to reduce dust emissions from the sinter strand waste gas by using advanced electrostatic precipitators when bag filters are not applicable.
The BAT-associated emission level for dust is <1 – 15 mg/Nm3 for the bag filter and <20 – 40 mg/Nm3 for the advanced electrostatic precipitator (which should be designed and operated to achieve these values), both determined as a daily mean value.
Bag Filter
Description: Bag filters used in sinter plants are usually applied downstream of an existing electrostatic precipitator or cyclone but can also be operated as a standalone device.
Applicability: For existing plants requirements such as space for a downstream installation to the electrostatic precipitator can be relevant. Special regard should be given to the age and the performance of the existing electrostatic precipitator.
Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dust emissions from sinter strands
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 36
25. BAT for primary emissions from sinter strands is to reduce emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by using injection of adequate adsorption agents into the waste gas duct of the sinter strand before dedusting with a bag filter or advanced electrostatic precipitators when bag filters are not applicable.
The BAT- associated emissions level for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) is <0.05 – 0.2 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 for the bag filter and <0.2 – 0.4 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3 for the advanced electrostatic precipitator, both determined for a 6 – 8 hour random sample under steady-state conditions.
Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dioxin emissions from sinter strands
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 37
Example for BAT conclusions: Electric Arc Furnace
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 38
Typical system arrangement for control of dust and PDCC/F emissions
Example for BAT conclusions: Electric Arc Furnace
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 39
89. BAT for the electric arc furnace (EAF) primary and secondary dedusting (including scrap preheating, charging, melting, tapping, ladle furnace and secondary metallurgy) is to achieve an efficient extraction of dust emissions from all emission sources by using one of the techniques listed below and to use subsequent dedusting by means of a bag filter:
I. a combination of direct off-gas extraction (4th or 2nd hole) and hood systems
II. direct gas extraction and doghouse systems
III. direct gas extraction and total building evacuation (low-capacity electric arc furnaces (EAF) may not require direct gas extraction to achieve the same extraction efficiency).
The overall average collection efficiency associated with BAT is >98 %.
The BAT-associated emission level for dust is <5 mg/Nm3, determined as a daily mean value.
Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dust emissions from electric arc furnace
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 40
90. BAT for the electric arc furnace (EAF) primary and secondary dedusting (including scrap preheating, charging, melting, tapping, ladle furnace and secondary metallurgy) is to prevent and reduce polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) emissions by avoiding, as much as possible, raw materials which contain PCDD/F and PCB or their precursors (see BAT 6 and 7) and using one or a combination of the following techniques in conjunction with an appropriate dust removal system: I. appropriate post-combustion Applicability of BAT I: In existing plants, circumstances like available space, given off-gas duct system, etc. need to be taken into consideration for assessing the applicability. II. appropriate rapid quenching III. injection of adequate adsorption agents into the duct before dedusting.The BAT-associated emission level for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) is <0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, based on a 6 – 8 hour random sample during steady-state conditions. In some cases, the BAT-associated emission level can be achieved with primary measures only.
Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dioxin emissions from electric arc furnace
European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 41
Thank you for your attention
European IPPC Bureau
Tel.: +34 954 488 250
http://eippcb.jrc.es
European IPPC Bureau
Top Related