Download - Eu Horticultural Imports

7/30/2019 Eu Horticultural Imports

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EU

Hor t i cu l t u ra l

Impo r t s


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Highlights: EU Imports from Third Countries

Between 1996 and 2000, the dollar appreciated by 17 percent againstthe ECU, making EU exports that much more competitive compared toimports.

On the import side, six product categories accounted for over 90 percentof the decline in value: cassava, bananas, fresh vegetables, soy sauce,water and canned fruits.

Imports of certain selected items reflected a price inelasticity of demand.Total imports values declined despite lower prices, and in some caseshigher imported volumes. Import volumes of U.S. almonds increasedand walnuts remained fairly stable despite the appreciation of the dollar,due to lower U.S. domestic prices.

The total import value of raisins, the principal imported dried fruit,

likewise reflected an inelastic demand. Total volumes importedremained fairly constant due to precipitous devaluation of the TurkishLira against the ECU. U.S. volumes fell off due to strong prices and theappreciating dollar.


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EU Total Agricultural Trade With Third Countries

Source World Trade Atlas

1996 1997 1998 1999 200055

60

65

70

75

80

Billion $

Imports from Third Countries

Exports to Third Countries


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The EU Remains a Net Importer from Third Countries

of Horticultural Products, but the Gap Narrows

Source: EuroStat and the World Trade Atlas1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

10

12

14

16

18

20

Billion $

Total Horticultural Exports

Total Horticultural Imports


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Tropical Fruits, Nuts and Off Season Produce

Account for over 50 percent of EU's Negative Trade Position

Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

2

4

6

8

10

12

Billion $

Apples, Pears

Fresh Citrus

Dried Fruit

Wine

Juice

Tree Nuts

Bananas

EU Imports From Third Countries


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EU Imports of Selected Tree Nuts: By Value, By Country

Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1000 U.S. $

United States Turkey Iran


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EU Third Country Imports of Leading Tree Nuts


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

50,000

100,000

150,000

Metric Tons

Hazelnuts Almonds Pistachios Walnuts


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EU Import Unit Values of Primary Suppliers


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

$/ton

Almond

US

Hazelnuts

Turkey

Walnut

US

Pistachio

Iran


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EU Fruit and Vegetable Juice Imports

Market Share of Leading Third Country Suppliers


46%

13%

8%

9%

24%

1993

46.7%

3.5%

9.8%

8.3% 31.6%

2000

Brazil Israel United States Poland Other

$1.42 Billion $1.19 Billion


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EU Fruit and Vegetable Juice Imports

Market Share by Type


71%

29%

1993

73.5%

26.5%

2000

Citrus Other

$1.42 Billion $1.19 Billion


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EU Imports of Fruit and Vegetable Juices: By Value, By Country


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

150,000

300,000

450,000

600,000

750,000

900,000

1000 U.S. $

Brazil Other Israel United States Poland


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EU Third Country Imports of Leading Fruit and Vegetable Juices


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Million U.S. $

Citrus Apple Other Pineapple


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EU Third Country Imports of Non Citrus Fruit and Vegetable Juices


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Million U.S. $

Apple Pineapple Other Mixtures Grape juice


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EU Third Country Imports of RaisinsMarket Share by Value


1993 2000

Turkey 59%Turkey 42%

U.S. 24%

U.S. 26%

Australia

2%

Australia

13%

Other

15%Other

19%

$283 Million$307 Million


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EU Third Country Imports of RaisinsImport Unit Values


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

U.S. $/Ton

US Turkey Australia


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EU Raisin Imports from the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200020

25

30

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Market Share U.S. $/Ton

Market Share Price


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EU Raisin Imports from Turkey


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200020

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

Market Share U.S. $/Ton

Market Share Price


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EU Wine Imports by Tariff Classification


1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Million of Hectoliters

Table and Fortified WineIn Bottles 2 Liters or less

Table and Fortified WineIn Bottles of more than 2 Liters

Sparkling Wine


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EU Wine Imports by Country

Source : World Trade Atlas

1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Million U.S. $

Australia United States Chile South Africa


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Imports of Wine by Principal EU Countries

Table and Fortified Wine in containers 2 liters or Less

Source: World Trade Atlas

1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

200

400

600

800

1,000

Millions U.S. $

UK Netherlands Germany Sweden


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EU Wine Imports: Third Country Market Share

Imports By Tariff Classification

Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

5

10

15

20

25

Percent

Sparkling Wine

Table and Fortified Wine in containers

holding more than 2 Liters

Table and Fortified Wine in containers

holding 2 Liters or less


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EU Horticultural Exports


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Highlights: EU Exports to Third Countries

Between 1996 and 2000, the dollar appreciated by 17 percent againstthe ECU, making EU exports that much more competitive compared to

imports.

On the export side three categories accounted for over one third of thenet gain in value: beverages, consisting of wine, beer and water; cannedvegetables, consisting primarily of tomatoes, artichokes and olives; andenzymes.

EU exports of beverages drove the total growth figure. Between 1993and 2000 the value of total exports grew by nearly 24 percent while thegrowth in the value of wine exceed 50 percent. Wine is a substantialcomponent of EU horticultural exports, accounting for 23 percent ofoverall exports in 1993 and nearly 28 percent in 2000. Beer grew by 31percent during the 1993-2000 period, accounting for 9.9 percent of

horticultural exports in 1993 and10.4 percent in 2000.Since 1993, the value of the EU's fresh citrus exports declined by 3percent . Export volumes, however, increased by 23 percent, due to an84-percent increase in shipments of mandarins (clementines). Theaverage export price dropped by 21 percent during this period. Orangeshipments were down to Russia, Poland, Switzerland and

Czechoslovakia but to some extent were replaced by mandarins.Mandarin exports to Poland increased fro 69,000 tons to 137,000 tons


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Top Five Horticultural Categories Account for 60 Percent of EU Exports

To Third Countries


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

5

10

15

20

25

Billion $

Other Beverages Vegetables, Fresh, Frozen, Dried

Fruits, Fresh Frozen Live Plants Olives and Artichokes


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Wine is the Primary Export Item included in the Beverage Category

Source: EuroStat and the World Trade Atlas

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

2

4

6

8

Billion $

Wine Beer Water Other


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Wine is the Largest Single EU Export Item and Accounts

for about 25 percent of Total Horticultural Export Value


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

5

10

15

20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Billion $ Wine Percentage

Horticultural

Export Value

Wine as a

Percent of Total


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EU Wine Exports to Principal Third Country Markets

Table and Fortified Wine in containers holding 2 Liters or less


1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Billions U.S. $

US Other Japan Switzerland Canada


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EU Fresh Citrus Trade with Third Countries


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Million U.S. $

Total Fresh Citrus Export Value Total Fresh Citrus Import Value


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EU Fresh Citrus Exports to Third Countries

and Mandarins as a Percent of Total Fresh Citrus Exports

Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

30

35

40

45

50

55

Million U.S. $ Percent

Total Fresh Citrus Export Value Mandarins as a Percent of Total


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EU Horticultural Trade With the

United States


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Highlights: EU Trade with the United States

In 1999, the EU became a net exporter of agricultural products to the United Statesfor the first time. Several factors were responsible this development:. The

appreciation of the dollar against the ECU helped make U.S. exports moreexpensive, while making EU commodities more competitive. U.S. bulk commodityshipments to the EU declined due to bio-tech restrictions.

Within the horticultural sector, the EU has run a net surplus for some time, due tobeverage exports, which account for two thirds of the EU's shipments to the UnitedStates.

EU horticultural imports from the United States leveled off in 1996, due to a drop in

the exports of tree nuts and citrus fruit. Several factors account for this change.Remarkably, the ECU actually appreciated against the dollar, and U.S. commodityprices were a good bit higher than today. EU imports of U.S. almonds more thandoubled in value between 1993 and 1996, and by 1996 accounted for 36 percent oftotal imports from the United States. However, by 2000 the import value fell 36percent from the 1996 high, and accounted for 27 percent of total imports from theU.S. EU imports of citrus fruit, which were strong between 1993 and 1996,

declined by a third since 1996.One key strong area has been EU imports of U.S. wine, where the UK is theleading market. EU imports of U.S. wine have steadily increased. Between 1993and 2000, wine's share of total imports grew from only 4 percent to 16 percent.


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EU Total Agricultural Trade with the United States


1996 1997 1998 1999 20007

8

9

10

11

12

Billion $

Imports from the United States

Exports to The United States


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EU Net Agricultural Trade With the United States

Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

Billion U.S. $


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EU Agricultural Imports from the United StatesChange in Net Value of Imports from 1996 to 2000


-1,200

-1,000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

Million U.S. $

Oilseeds

Animal Feeds

Grains

Fruits and Nuts

Plywood

Edible oils

Meat


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EU Agricultural Imports from the United StatesChange in Value of Fruit and Nuts Imports from 1996 to 2000


-400

-200

0

Million U.S. $

Almonds, Hazelnuts, etc.

Other

Citrus Fruit

Raisins


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EU Horticultural Trade with the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Billion $

Imports from the U.S.

Exports to the U.S.


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Net EU Horticultural Trade with the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Billion $


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EU Imports of Selected Tree nuts

Market Share of Leading Third Country Suppliers

Excludes, Peanuts, Coconuts, Brazil nuts and Cashews


37.7%

34.0%

20.7%

7.5%

1993

45.7%

31.5%11.3%

11.5%

2000

United States Turkey Iran Other

$992 Million $1.15 Billion


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EU Imports from the U.S. as a Percent of Total Imports

and EU Horticultural Imports from the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

5

10

15

20

25

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Billion $ Percent

Total Imports from 3rd Countries Percent from the U.S.


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EU Exports to the U.S. as a Percent of Total Exports

and EU Horticultural Exports to the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Billion $ Percent

Total Exports Percent to the U.S.


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EU Horticultural Trade with the United States

as a Percent of Total Exports and Imports


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20005

10

15

20

25

30

35

Percent

Percentage Imported from the US Percent Exported to the U.S.

Percentage Imported from the United States

Percentage Exported to the United States


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Top 5 Principal Horticultural Product Imports from the United States

Account for Two Thirds of Total


Tree nuts excludes, Peanuts, Coconuts, Brazil nuts and Cashews

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Billion $

Other Almonds, Hazelnuts, etc. Wine

Juice Essential Oils Olives and Artichokes


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Top 4 Principal Horticultural Product Exports to the United States

Account for Nearly 70 Percent of Total


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

1

2

3

4

5

Billion $

Other Wine Beer Canned Olives and Artichokes Mineral Water


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EU Exports to the United States of Selected Commodities

Receiving Direct and Indirect Support from

the EU Commission and Member States


1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Million $

FreshTomatoes

FreshPeppers

FreshMandarins

CannedArtichokes

CannedPeaches


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EU Wine Trade with the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

Billion U.S. $

Wine Imports from the US Wine Exports to the the US


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Net EU Wine Trade with the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Billion U.S. $

Net wine trade


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EU Fresh Citrus Trade with the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000

20

40

60

80

100

Million U.S. $

Citrus Fruit Imports from the US Citrus Fruit Export to the US


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EU Net Fresh Citrus Trade with the United States


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000-100,000

-80,000

-60,000

-40,000

-20,000

0

20,000

40,000

Thousand U.S. $


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Total EU Fresh Mandarin Exports to Third CountriesPercent Exported to the United States


1996 1997 1998 1999 2000100

150

200

250

300

60

70

80

90

100

110

Million U.S .$ Percent

Total Mandarin Export Value Percent Exported to the US