East vs. West (recap)East vs. West (recap)
Henry ClayHenry Clay
Internal improvementsInternal improvements
Highway system and toll roadsHighway system and toll roads
A National Road A National Road (Cumberland Rd)(Cumberland Rd)
OppositionOpposition
The American systemThe American system
Take Five…Take Five…
• What does “Clinton’s Big Ditch” refer to?What does “Clinton’s Big Ditch” refer to?
Transportation RevolutionTransportation Revolution
CanalsCanals
Erie CanalErie Canal
Mainland CanalMainland Canal
RailroadsRailroads
B & OB & O
Canals in Early AmericaCanals in Early America
• DeWitt ClintonDeWitt Clinton
• Results: New York becomes the most Results: New York becomes the most populated state (until WWII!!!!)populated state (until WWII!!!!)
• PA Canal (not so lucky!!!!)PA Canal (not so lucky!!!!)
Take Five…Take Five…
• What problems are associated with early What problems are associated with early steam transportation? steam transportation?
Transportation Revolution Transportation Revolution (recap)(recap)
SteamshipsSteamships
Problems with navigating riversProblems with navigating rivers
James WattJames Watt
Robert FultonRobert Fulton
The ClermontThe Clermont
AccidentsAccidents
The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)
1830 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RROhio RR
By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 31,000 mi.]mi.]
TheRailroad
Revolution,1850s
TheRailroad
Revolution,1850s
p Immigrant laborImmigrant laborbuilt the No. built the No. RRs.RRs.
p Slave laborSlave laborbuilt the So. built the So. RRs. RRs.
The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution
Shift from self-sufficiency to a Shift from self-sufficiency to a specialized interdependent economyspecialized interdependent economy
Reasons for the industrial revolutionReasons for the industrial revolution
High labor costsHigh labor costs
InventorsInventors
Oliver Evans, Eli Whitney, Peter Oliver Evans, Eli Whitney, Peter CooperCooper
Abundant natural resourcesAbundant natural resources
Water, Coal, Lumber etc.Water, Coal, Lumber etc.
Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryEli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts RifleInterchangeable Parts Rifle
OliverEvansOliverEvans
First prototype of the First prototype of the locomotivelocomotive
First automated First automated flour millflour mill
The Industrial The Industrial Revolution (con’t)Revolution (con’t)
EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs
PiracyPiracy
Samuel Slater, John and Arthur Samuel Slater, John and Arthur Schofield, Francis Cabot LowellSchofield, Francis Cabot Lowell
CapitalCapital
BanksBanks
Protective tariffsProtective tariffs
Changes in the textile Changes in the textile industryindustry
Cottage industryCottage industryFactoriesFactories
Emerging urban industrial working classEmerging urban industrial working classBritish monopolyBritish monopoly
Mill townsMill townsSlater millsSlater millsLowell millsLowell mills
Lowell girlsLowell girlsChild laborChild labor
The Lowell/Waltham System:
First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
The Lowell/Waltham System:
First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814
Lowell Boarding HousesLowell Boarding Houses
What was boardinghouse life What was boardinghouse life like?like?
The Factory Girl’s GarlandThe Factory Girl’s Garland
February 20, 1845 issue.February 20, 1845 issue.
I’m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes
I’m a Factory Girl Filled with WishesI'm a factory girlI'm a factory girl
Everyday filled with fearEveryday filled with fearFrom breathing in the poison airFrom breathing in the poison airWishing for windows!Wishing for windows!I'm a factory girlI'm a factory girlTired from the 13 hours of wok each dayTired from the 13 hours of wok each dayAnd we have such low payAnd we have such low payWishing for shorten work times!Wishing for shorten work times!I'm a factory girlI'm a factory girlNever having enough time to eatNever having enough time to eatNor to rest my feetNor to rest my feetWishing for more free time!Wishing for more free time!I'm a factory girlI'm a factory girlSick of all this harsh conditionsSick of all this harsh conditionsMaking me want to sign the petition!Making me want to sign the petition!So do what I ask for because I am a factory So do what I ask for because I am a factory girlgirlAnd I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!And I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!
The Early Union MovementThe Early Union Movement
Workingman’s Party Workingman’s Party (1829)(1829) ** Founded by Robert Dale Owen Founded by Robert Dale Owen and and others in New York City. others in New York City.Early unions were usually local, Early unions were usually local, social, and weak.social, and weak.
Commonwealth v. HuntCommonwealth v. Hunt (1842)—(1842)—ruling in favor of workers!!ruling in favor of workers!!Worker political parties were Worker political parties were ineffective until the post-Civil ineffective until the post-Civil War period.War period.
Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization
EAST EAST IndustrialIndustrial
SOUTH SOUTH Cotton & SlaveryCotton & Slavery
WEST WEST The Nation’s The Nation’s “Breadbasket”“Breadbasket”
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