EOC Vocab List
#63-125
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This type of cell division produces 4 genetically
different haploid gametes.
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Meiosis
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This type of cell division produces 2 genetically identical diploid body
cells.
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Mitosis
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This means that the cell has one complete set of
chromosomes with 2 alleles for every gene.
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Diploid
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This means that the cell has half the original
number of chromosomes with 1 allele for every
gene.
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Haploid
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These are chromosomes that contain the same
genes but not necessarily the same alleles.
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Homologous (Chromosomes)
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This the process that begins in Prophase I of Meiosis that increases
genetic diversity.
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Crossing Over
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This is the first stage of Mitosis in which the spindle forms, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the
nuclear membrane dissolves.
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Prophase
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This is the phase of Mitosis where
chromosomes are lined up along the equator of
the cell.
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Metaphase
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This is the phase of Mitosis where the sister
chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite
poles of the cell.
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Anaphase
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This is the final stage of Mitosis in which the spindle dissolves,
chromosomes unwind into chromatin, and the nuclear
membrane reforms.
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Telophase
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This can produce genetic disorders such as Down’s
Syndrome if chromosomes do not separate correctly
during Meioisis.
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Nondisjunction
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This organ system is responsible for producing hormones and includes the thyroid and adrenal
glands.
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Endocrine
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This organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and includes
the kidneys.
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Urinary/Excretory
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This organ system is responsible for
transporting blood from the heart to all of the
other tissues of the body.
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Cardiovascular
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This organ system is responsible for gas
exchange and includes the lungs.
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Respiratory
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This organ system is responsible for
communication of stimuli and coordinating
responses within the body.
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Nervous
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This is the part of the experiment that is
purposefully changed and causes the change in the
measured variable.
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Independent Variable
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This is the part of the experiment that is the
measured effect of changing the
manipulated variable.
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Dependent Variable
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This is the part of an experiment that is used for comparison because
the independent variable is not changed.
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Control Group
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This is the part of an experiment in which the independent variable is
changed.
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Experimental Group
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This is a different form of a gene.
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Allele
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This is the segment of DNA that codes for a
specific protein.
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Gene
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This is a compound that contains carbon.
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Organic
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This is a compound that does not contain carbon.
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Inorganic
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This is a macromolecule that is used for energy
and includes monosaccharides and
polysaccharides.
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Carbohydrates
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This is a macromolecule that is used for providing a
waterproof barrier and storing long-term energy which includes fatty acids and
triglycerides.
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Lipids
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This is a macromolecule that is used for controlling the rate
of reactions, transport of substances, fighting infection,
and building tissues.
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Protein
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This is a macromolecule that is used for storing
and transmitting genetic information.
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Nucleic Acid
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This is the monomer that makes up a protein.
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Amino Acid
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This is a monomer that makes up a nucleotide and
consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nitrogen base.
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Nucleotide
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This is a double ringed nucleotide that includes Guanine and Adenine.
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Purine
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This is a single ringed nucleotide that includes Cytosine, Thymine, and
Uracil.
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Pyrimidine
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This is the nucleic acid that is the genetic code of a cell and is transmitted to the next generation.
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DNA
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This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for making a copy of the genetic code within the
nucleus and carrying the instructions into the
cytoplasm.
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Messenger RNA
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This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for decoding the
RNA copy of the gene and transferring the amino acids to
the ribosome in the correct sequence.
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Transfer RNA
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This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for
bonding the amino acids together to form a
polypeptide.
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Ribosomal RNA
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This is the enzyme that is responsible for adding
complementary base pairs to the new strands of DNA
during DNA replication.
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DNA Polymerase
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This is the enzyme that is responsible for breaking the
hydrogen bonds that hold the two complementary strands of
DNA together during DNA replication.
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Helicase
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This is the process of copying the DNA
sequence into the complementary sequence of RNA within the nucleus.
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Transcription
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This is the process of bonding the correct
sequence of amino acids together in order to build
a protein.
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Translation
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This is the physical expression of a specific
inheritable trait.
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Phenotype
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This is the genetic makeup of an organism
that determines the expression of a specific
trait.
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Genotype
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This is a form of a gene that only requires one
allele in order to be expressed in the
phenotype.
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Dominant
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This is a form of a gene that requires two alleles in order to be expressed
in the phenotype.
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Recessive
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This is an inheritance pattern in which two
alleles are equally expressed in the
phenotype.
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Codominance
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This is an inheritance pattern in which two
alleles are expressed in order to produce an
intermediate phenotype.
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Incomplete Dominance
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This is an inheritance pattern in which males and females have an equal chance of inheriting
the trait. Both males and females must inherit two alleles
in order to express the trait.
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Autosomal Recessive
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This is an inheritance pattern in which males have a higher chance of inheriting the trait than females.
Females must inherit two alleles but males only have to inherit one allele in order to express the trait.
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Sex-Linked Recessive
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This means that an individual has two
identical alleles for a particular trait.
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Homozygous
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This means that an individual has two
different alleles for a particular trait.
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Heterozygous
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This is the ability for an organism to maintain a
stable internal environment.
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Homeostasis
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This type of molecule makes up the two distinct
layers of biological membranes.
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Phospholipid
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This type of molecule is a protein that speeds up
chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy required for the
reaction to occur.
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Enzyme
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This is type of molecule is the major source of energy for the cell.
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ATP
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This type of chemical bond is the strongest and forms because electrons
are shared.
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Covalent (Bond)
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This type of chemical bond is the weakest and is and forms because of
electric charges between molecules.
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Hydrogen (Bond)
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This type of molecule is partially charged due to the unequal sharing of
electrons.
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Polar
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This is formed when atoms gain or lose
electrons and therefore become electrically
charged.
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Ion
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This is formed when atoms gain or lose
neutrons and therefore have a different atomic
mass.
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Isotope
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This is the property of water that allows water
to rise.
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Capillary Action
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This is the property of water that causes water
molecules to form hydrogen bonds with
other water molecules.
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Cohesion
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This is a solution that has a higher concentration of
H+ ions and a lower concentration of OH- ions.
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Acid
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This is a solution that has a lower concentration of
H+ ions and a higher concentration of OH- ions.
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Base
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