ENZYMESSBI 3C1
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are specialized protein molecules that speed up (catalyze) the chemical reactions of organisms
Without enzymes, most of the reactions in a cell would proceed too slowly
All chemical reactions require energy to get started. This start-up energy is called ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)
H2O2 H2O + O2
Chemical Reaction:
Catalase
• Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide into Water and Oxygen gas
Hydrogen Peroxide Water Oxygen
How enzymes work?.....
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed. This makes it easier for the reaction to proceed/start.
ENZYME ACTIVITY
The names of enzymes usually end in “-ase” In order to start a reaction an enzyme must
attach to one specific reactant (“starting molecule”) Reactants are called Substrates.....thus, enzymes
act on a specific substrate. Substrates bind to enzymes at their Active Site.
Re-cap……….
http://www.ryancshaw.com/Files/micro/Animations/Enzyme-Substrate/micro_enzyme-substrate.swf
ENZYME ACTIVITY & THE ENVIRONMENT
Enzymes are proteins, like proteins it can lose its function (denature) when exposed to the following: Acidic/Basic environments – pH level (at both
extremes) Extremely High Temperature
TEMPERATURE: Enzyme catalyzed reactions increase speed with a
slight increase in temperature If the temperature is reduced, the motion of the
enzyme and substrate are reduced
Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
INDUSTRIAL USES OF ENZYMES:
Brewing, baking, winemaking: glucose to alcohol and carbon dioxide
Candy, jams, jellies, fruit juices: Enzymes are used to produce sugar
from starch Cleaning Products:
Detergents contain enzymes that break down stains)
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