Endocrine system
Hormones
Chemicals released by glands of the E.S. into the blood stream.
Hormones regulate many bodily functions by sending messages to cells.
Non-steriod and steroid hormones
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Steroid hormones
Hormone-receptor complex
Nucleus
DNA
mRNA
Protein synthesis
Altered cellular function
ReceptorSteroid hormone
Regulate a cell’s DNAby turning genes on or off
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Non steroid hormones
These messengers activate and inhibit many cell activities.
ATP cAMP (second messenger)
Enzyme activities
Altered cellular function
Can’t enter the cell, but use secondary messengers to alter cell functions
Homeostasis
Metabolism: internal body heat adjusts to temperature.
Water balance: causes thirst if too low, extra urine output if too high.
Master glands
Pituitary: controls 9 other glands Produces growth hormone Hypothalamus: part of the nervous sys. that
controls the pituitary.
Thyroid gland: regulates the body’s metabolism- rate at which cells use energy
Parathyroid: controls the Calcium balance in the blood.
Adrenals
Located on top of each kidney
Forms adrenaline as a reaction to stress:
faster heart beat, stronger, more alert
“fight or flight” response
Pancreas
Regulates levels of blood sugar in cells. Insulin allows cells to take in glucose.
Diabetes mellitus: disease of the pancreas where insulin is not produced or used properly.
Comparing type I, type II diabetes
Type I Diabetes
Gonads Function: production of gametes and
secretion of sex hormones. Controls male and female sexual
reproduction.
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