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Employee Motivation: Theories & Strategies

Manerly SalvatoreApril 19, 2010

“Stress and lack of motivation in the workplace costs U.S.

corporations over $300 billion annually”.

(The American Institute of Stress, 2010)

Perspectives on Motivation

Need-based Process Reinforcement

Need-based perspective

Also known as content perspectives

Are theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people

Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior

(Wilsons, 2006)

Major Needs Theories of Motivation

Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

Marslow’s Hierachy of Needs Theory

Meet employees’ level 1 and level 2 needs, so that employees will not be preoccupied with them

Give employees a chance to fulfill their higher- level needs in ways that also advance the goals of the organization.

Not all employees are driven by the same needs

The needs that motivate individuals can change over time

Using Hierarchy of Needs Theory to Motivate

Employee

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Eliminate dissatisfaction

Making sure that working condition, pay levels and company policies are reasonable

Then concentrate on spurring motivation by providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and personal growth

Using Two-Factor Theory to Motivate

Employee

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

Using Acquired Needs Theory to Motivate

EmployeeEliminate dissatisfaction

Making sure that working condition, pay levels and company policies are reasonable

Then concentrate on spurring motivation by providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and personal growth

A Comparison of needs theories: Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland

Popular Incentive Compensation Plans

Pay for performance

Bonuses

Profit sharing

Gain-sharing

Stock options

Pay for knowledge

Strategies for Employee Motivation

Positive reinforcement/high expectations;

Effective discipline and punishment;

Treating people fairly;

Satisfying employees needs;

Setting work related goals;

Restructuring jobs;

Based rewards on job performance/compensation

(ACCEL Team Development, 2010, para. 9-10)

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Shipley, D., & Jobber, D. (1991). Salesforce motivation, compensation and evaluation by Industrial Distributors. Service Industries Journal, 11(2), 154. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.

Practical Support for Directors Managing Change. (2010). Process Theories of Motivation. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.strategies-for-managing-change.com/process-theories-of-motivation.html

Web-Book Website. (2010). Motivating Employees. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/NC/B0/B66/057MB66.html

Williams, A., Lankford, S., & DeGraaf, D. (1999). How Managers Perceive Factors That Impact Employee Motivation: An Application of Pathfinder Analysis. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 17(2), 84-106. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.

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Williams, K. (2006). Management: A Practical Introduction (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Wilson, R. (2010). The Reward is in the Eye of the Beholder. Executive Housekeeping Today, 32(3), 23. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.

Web-Book Website. (2010). Motivating Employees. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/NC/B0/B66/057MB66.htmlWilliams, A., Lankford, S., & DeGraaf, D. (1999). How Managers Perceive Factors That Impact Employee Motivation: An Application of Pathfinder Analysis. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 17(2), 84-106. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.Williams, R. B. (2010, February 13). How to motivate employees: What managers need to know. Psychology Today. Retrieved February 22, 2010 from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201002/how-motivate-employees-what-managers-need-know-0Williams, K. (2006). Management: A Practical Introduction (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Wilson, R. (2010). The Reward is in the Eye of the Beholder. Executive Housekeeping Today, 32(3), 23. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.