W W W . R E F R A C T I O N S . N E T
Emergency Mapping Symbology (with a brief overview of Open Government)
Mark Sondheim, Darrin Charmley, Graeme Leeming
http://emsymbology.org
Presented at the Multi-Agency Situational Awareness System sessions in
British Columbia, December 10 & 12, 2010
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Outline
• Emergency Mapping Symbology
– Background
– Definition and Design
– Licence, Contributors, What’s Next
Development funded
by GeoConnections
Development funded by
US Department of Justice
• Police CAD and RMS Symbology
– Strongly influenced by EMS
• Map Symbology and Open Government
– Open Government, Open Data, Gov 2.0
Addendums
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Emergency Mapping Symbology
Background
for MASAS and EMOs
http://emsymbology.org
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Emergencies Happen
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HSWG Response
• Homeland Security Working Group
(HSWG) was tasked with developing
symbols to meet the needs of the
Federal, State and Local governments
in the United States.
• In 2005, HSWG released a set of
symbologies to represent emergency
events.
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HSWG Symbols – Samples
Incidents Natural Events
Operations Infrastructures
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HSWG Detail
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Other efforts from around the globe
UN – Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA)
Disaster Response Map Symbols (DRMS)
Australia All Hazards Symbology (AAHS)
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What was the response in Canada?
GeoConnections took the lead
• Should we adopt and extend HSWG?
• Are there events in Canada not
adequately covered by HSWG?
• What kind of symbology is likely to be
most useful and gain broad acceptance?
• How can the symbology be meaningful
in the context of COPs, MASAS and
general EM applications?
Let’s see what we can do in Canada!
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Canadian Context (i)
• Blizzard
• Freezing Rain
• Wind Chill
• Iceberg
• Storm Surge
• Squall
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Canadian Context (ii)
• Lost Person
• AMBER/SILVER Alert
• Rescue Team
• Disease Outbreak
• Animal Die-off
• Quarantine
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Canadian Context (iii)
• Road Closure
• Evacuation Route
• Fire Lines • Flood Zone
• Burn Area
• Affected Area
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Emergency Mapping Symbology
Definition and Design
for MASAS and EMOs
http://emsymbology.org
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What does constructing a symbology mean?
• What kinds of events are we considering?
• Can we create an easy to learn classification,
structured as a hierarchy?
• Can the symbols be connotative?
• Can they be rendered such that they are
immediately seen and understood?
The symbol set must be highly effective as part of a
Common Operational Picture !
It must be practical on web applications,
including those built for smartphones, tablets, etc.
It must also be practical on desktops and laptops.
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Domain Category Tier 1 Tier 2
Hierarchical Structure
Tier 1 entity: domain.category.tier1
ems.incident.aviation
ems.infrastructure.energy
Tier 2 entity: domain.category.tier1.tier2
ems.incident.aviation.hijacking
ems.infrastructure.energy.oilWell
EMS Incident
Infrastructure
Operations
Aviation Hijacking
Energy
Oil Well
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What symbol styles are most effective?
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How about with this background?
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EMS – Colours and Sizes
• Symbols are coloured
according to category
• Because they are
geometrically unique,
• they are not
dependent on colour
• Sizes in pixels:
32 x 32, 48 x 48, 64 x 64 + 400 x 400 (largest is the parent, used to derive the others)
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Evolution – from HSWG to EMS (ii)
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Some EMS additions
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EMS In Action
Common Alerting Protocol – Canadian Profile: test case
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Emergency Mapping Symbology
Licence, Contributors, What’s Next
for MASAS and EMOs
http://emsymbology.org
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EMS Licence
• Falls under Canadian government’s
Licence For Unrestricted Use of
Emergency Mapping Symbology
• Copyright: Department of Natural
Resources, Canada
• Free to use, share, modify and extend
without restriction
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Primary Published Influences
• HSWG (ANSI INCITIS 415-2006 and the
related mil spec: MIL-STD 2525C)
• CAP-CP (Canadian Profile of the Common
Alerting Protocol)
• NIDM (Canadian National Infrastructure Data
Model, which was heavily influenced by the
US-Canada Cross-Border Infrastructure Plan)
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Contributors • web survey
• focus groups
• interviews
through
Black Coral Inc. Emergency Management, British
Columbia PCI Geomatics
CAE Professional Services Emergency Measures Organization,
Manitoba
Provincial Emergency Program,
British Columbia
Canadian Association for Public Alerting Emergency Measures Organization,
New Brunswick Public Safety Canada
Canadian General Standards Board EmerGeo Solutions Inc. Refractions Research Inc.
City of Edmonton Environment Canada Royal Canadian Mounted Police
City of Sudbury ESRI Canada Ltd. SAR Technology Inc.
City of Toronto GeoBC, British Columbia Telus Communications, Inc.
City of Vancouver Health Canada United States Coast Guard
Defence Research & Development Canada Homeland Security Working Group
(U.S.) University of Toronto
Department of Homeland Security (U.S.) Joint Emergency Liaison
Committee, Metro Vancouver University of Windsor
Department of National Defence Medical Transportation Coordination
Centre, Manitoba Waterloo Region
E-Comm, Emergency Communications for
Southwest British Columbia MykRoss Consulting Ltd.
Emergency Management Ontario Natural Resources Canada
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What’s next …
• Management Strategy (right now, not defined)
– Who has overarching responsibility?
– How will the symbology be maintained?
– How will access and distribution be provided?
– What is the best way to engage the community?
– What is the funding source for management?
• Maintenance Process – Refinements to existing symbols
– Creation of new symbols
– Ensure interoperability of complementary symbologies
– Assist with testing in different environments
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Crime Mapping Symbology
Complementary to EMS
for police agencies
http://emsymbology.org
Addendum 1
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A complementary symbology for policing
Domain Category Tier 1 Tier 2
Police CAD
ArsonResidential
Society
RMS
• CAD: 207 events
• RMS: 60 events
Property
Traffic
Violence
Other
Graffiti
Overdose
WarrantSearch
DrunkDriver
BombThreat
Surveillance
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Crime Early Warning System
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Open Government:
The role of map symbology
Addendum 2
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Open Government
• New doctrine focusing on govt. held data
– Data must be open to the public
– Data must be in machine readable form
– Data must be easy to find and easy to access
– Spatial is often a core element of such data
– Data must be available in open formats
– Data must be free and legally unencumbered
• High profile – part of govt. accountability
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Open Data
Open Data Citizens
Services
Data
• Open Data promises that citizens will
have access to government held data
• and will be able to take advantage of
services built upon such data.
• Government data can be accessed
over the web in different ways
– via typical ftp and http protocols
– through web services
– by using government applications
Many governments are instituting open data policies.
• Linked Data – data can be exposed and connected
through web referencing (and identifiers & position)
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Gov 2.0
Open Data
• Leveraging the Web
• Citizen engagement
• Infrastructure to support this
– Simple ftp/http access for select, high demand, static data sets
– Web services
– Data portals
– Mashup frameworks
– Capability to easily use public frameworks, e.g., Google Earth
• Open standards: protocols, interfaces, formats
• Usable by developers as well as average citizen
Government
Citizens
Framework constructs – accessing government databases
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Government as a Platform
Open Data • Government IT infrastructure seen as
computing platform accessible
to the outside
• Integral part of larger economy
• Government as a Platform
melds with other platforms,
including social media
Local Gov Data
Prov & Fed Data
NGO Data
Commercial Data
Private Data
S
e
r
v
I
c
e
s
Citizens, Companies, Agencies
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Map Symbology and Open Government
• Symbols are data, visual data
• Open government depends on
open standards, open services and interoperability
• Seamless integration will benefit from
common & complementary symbologies
EMO1 Citizens EMO2
EMO1 EMO2 Citizens Citizens
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http://emsymbology.org
For more information, copies of the symbol
sets, and a copy of this presentation,
please visit:
Thanks for listening !
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