Social Problems, 13eD. Stanley EitzenMaxine Baca ZinnKelly Eitzen Smith
Chapter 18National Security in the Twenty-First Century
National Security in the Twenty-First Century
CH
AP
TE
R 1
8
Learning Objectives
18.1 Describe the defense budget of the U.S. military and the size, strength, and cost of the U.S. military.
18.2 Understand the global threat of nuclear weapons to the United States.
18.3 Understand threats of domestic and international terrorism.
18.4 Understand the consequences of the United States' invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.
18.5 Discuss the changes in warfare in the twenty- first century.
18.1 - The U.S. Military Establishment
• The Size of the U.S. Military
• The Cost of Maintaining U.S. Military Superiority
LO 18.1 - The Size of the U.S. Military
• The U.S. military is enormous:– Active-duty military personnel number over
1.4 million– There are 848,000 members of the guard and
reserve– They operate 865 bases and other facilities in
135 nations– The Pentagon is one of the world's largest
office buildings
LO 18.1 - The Cost of Maintaining U.S. Military Superiority
• The 2012 defense budget: $741 billion
• Why so much money?– Ongoing fear of nuclear weapons– Unsafe world with weapons of mass
destruction– Defense spending brings profits to
corporations– No one will challenge us
LO 18.1
LO 18.1
The defense budget is actually a/an __________ of how much is spent related to national security, veterans, research, and other military expenditures.
A. overestimate
B. underestimate
C. exact
D. educated guess
LO 18.1
The defense budget is actually a/an __________ of how much is spent related to national security, veterans, research, and other military expenditures.
A. overestimate
B. underestimate
C. exact
D. educated guess
LO 18.1
The United States spends more on national security than any other nation.
A. True
B. False
LO 18.1
The United States spends more on national security than any other nation.
A. True
B. False
18.2 - The Threat of Nuclear Weapons
• Nuclear weapons involve the most destructive technology on Earth
• 40 countries have the capability to develop nuclear weapons
LO 18.2
Nuclear weapons are the most __________ technology on Earth.
A. available
B. expensive
C. destructive
D. sustainable
LO 18.2
Nuclear weapons are the most __________ technology on Earth.
A. available
B. expensive
C. destructive
D. sustainable
LO 18.2
The United States and Russia control over 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons.
A. True
B. False
LO 18.2
The United States and Russia control over 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons.
A. True
B. False
18.3 - The Terrorism Threat
• Terrorism
• Domestic Terrorism
• International Terrorism
LO 18.3 – Terrorism
• Terrorist acts are political acts
• Asymmetric warfare
• Terrorism is a social construction
LO 18.3 - Domestic Terrorism
• The history of the United States is full of dissident groups that have used violence and aggression
– The Patriot Movement
– The Tea Party Movement
LO 18.3 - International Terrorism
• The context for international terrorist activity in today's world varies – Separation and independence– Rival religious groups
• Globalization makes nations vulnerable to attacks
LO 18.3
LO 18.3
LO 18.3
Terrorist tactics are typically __________, using whatever is cheap and available to harm a more powerful opponent.
A. centralized
B. asymmetric
C. religious
D. sectarian
LO 18.3
Terrorist tactics are typically __________, using whatever is cheap and available to harm a more powerful opponent.
A. centralized
B. asymmetric
C. religious
D. sectarian
LO 18.3
Globalization makes countries more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
A. True
B. False
LO 18.3
Globalization makes countries more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
A. True
B. False
18.4 – U.S. National Security and the War on Terror
• Prelude to the War on Terror
• The Precipitating Event
• A Rush to War
• The War in Iraq
• The Afghanistan War
• The Costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars
• The Legacy of the Wars
LO 18.4 - Prelude to the War on Terror
• The 9/11 attacks were not born on that day
• The attacks began in the mid-1980s
LO 18.4 - The Precipitating Event
• The morning of September 11, 2001, four commercial jets were hijacked– Two planes hit the World Trade Center– One plane hit the Pentagon– One plane crashed in rural PA
The events of September 11, 2001, changed the course of history.
LO 18.4
LO 18.4 - A Rush to War
• A War Like No Other
• The War in Afghanistan
• The Bush Doctrine– The Line in the Sand– Unbounded U.S. Military Superiority– Unilateral Preventive War and Regime
Change– The Spread of Democracy
LO 18.4 - Explorer Activity: War and Terrorism: The War on Terror and Those Who Fight It
http://www.socialexplorer.com/pearson/plink.aspx?dest=http%3a%2f%2fwww.socialexplorer.com%2fSpiceMap%2f%3fv%3d2c27d6c704ba475f
Please log into MySocLab with your username and password before accessing this link.
LO 18.4 - The War in Iraq
• Justifications used for war:– Saddam Hussein was guilty of mass murder– Alleged gathering of weapons of mass
destruction– Connection between Hussein and al-Qaeda
• Was the war justified?
LO 18.4 - The Afghanistan War
• President Obama increased U.S. military presence briefly in Afghanistan – Plan to withdraw troops by 2014
• Civil war is likely to continue
LO 18.4 - The Costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars
• Loss of Human Life
• The Injured
• The Displaced
• Monetary Costs
More than 80,000 troops were injured or wounded in the Iraq War.
LO 18.4
LO 18.4 - Video: NYC Terrorist Plot
http://abavtooldev.pearsoncmg.com/sbx_videoplayer_v2/simpleviewer.php?projectID=APcontent&clipID=nyc_terrorist_plot.flv&ui=2
LO 18.4 - The Legacy of the Wars
• The Effort Is Successful
• Iraqis and Afghans Turn Against the United States
• The Sunni–Shiite Schism
• Loss of U.S. Image
• Inhumane Treatment
• Erosion of Civil Liberties
LO 18.4
The monetary costs of the wars far exceeded expectations; in addition, the wars __________.
A. drained resources from social programs
B. perpetuated urban blight
C. offered opportunities for citizens
D. created a divide among Republicans
LO 18.4
The monetary costs of the wars far exceeded expectations; in addition, the wars __________.
A. drained resources from social programs
B. perpetuated urban blight
C. offered opportunities for citizens
D. created a divide among Republicans
LO 18.4
September 11, 2001, marked the start of problems with the Taliban and al-Qaeda.
A. True
B. False
LO 18.4
September 11, 2001, marked the start of problems with the Taliban and al-Qaeda.
A. True
B. False
18.5 - Twenty-First Century Warfare
• War has changed
• Volunteer military from mostly lower-class backgrounds
• Resources
• Drone strikes and presidential power
• National security threats have changed
Stealth attacks by drones have assassinated suspected terrorist leaders, but their collateral damage has also killed innocents, leading to increased support for terrorists in their war against the United States.
LO 18.5
LO 18.5
The all-volunteer U.S. military __________ the lower and working class.
A. greatly benefits
B. effectively equips
C. disproportionately represents
D. intentionally portrays
LO 18.5
The all-volunteer U.S. military __________ the lower and working class.
A. greatly benefits
B. effectively equips
C. disproportionately represents
D. intentionally portrays
LO 18.5
The president is able to bypass Congress in ordering drone strikes.
A. True
B. False
LO 18.5
The president is able to bypass Congress in ordering drone strikes.
A. True
B. False
LO 18.5 Question for Discussion
Discuss the precursors, evolution, and ending of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.