Egg Candling Egg Candling & & Embryo diagnosis, Embryo diagnosis, Hatchability Drops & Possible Causes.Hatchability Drops & Possible Causes.Cairo, Misr Poultry Companies.Cairo, Misr Poultry Companies.June 24, 2003.June 24, 2003.
AngelAngel I. Salazar, B.S., M.S. I. Salazar, B.S., M.S.Advisor, Commercial Hatchery Management,Advisor, Commercial Hatchery Management,
International Division.International Division.Chick Master Incubator Company.Chick Master Incubator Company.
Egg CandlingEgg Candling&&
FertilityFertility
““Hatchability”Hatchability” Fertility.Fertility.
(%)(%) HATCH HATCH of of FERTILES.FERTILES.
Age of the flock, Age of the flock, (FIFO).(FIFO).
Age of the HEs. Age of the HEs.
¿Where to look?¿Where to look?
¿What measures to implement?¿What measures to implement?
Length of Egg Storage & Length of Egg Storage & Hatchability.Hatchability.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Days of Storage
Candling & Tray Residue Candling & Tray Residue BreakoutBreakout
1 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 6 7****** 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14****** 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Early Middle LateEarly Middle Late
Candle eggs ( 10-12 days ) residue ( at hatch ). Candle eggs ( 10-12 days ) residue ( at hatch ).
Look for the day Look for the day @@ which embryo death occurred. which embryo death occurred.
Check flock & review operating status of equipment.Check flock & review operating status of equipment.
Check same flock in a different machine.Check same flock in a different machine.
Check different flock in same machine.Check different flock in same machine.
Look for mold.Look for mold.
Look for mortality patterns.Look for mortality patterns.
Individual Candling.
Egg Candling Table.
AIS-CM-02
FertilityFertility
AIS-CM-02
Infertile
AIS-CM-02
Hairline Cracks
Broken-Eggs
FertilityFertility Fertility is a Fertility is a MUSTMUST to get good hatchability. to get good hatchability.
Timely break-out data from candled eggs gives Timely break-out data from candled eggs gives an early assessment of flock fertility.an early assessment of flock fertility.
Candling break-out @ 8-10 days of incubation is Candling break-out @ 8-10 days of incubation is the most accurate way to assess breeder flock the most accurate way to assess breeder flock fertility.fertility.
Predict hatch based on hatch of fertiles once Predict hatch based on hatch of fertiles once fertility is known.fertility is known.
(%) Hatch of Fertile(%) Hatch of Fertile
Quickly separates fertility from hatchery Quickly separates fertility from hatchery related problems.related problems.
Allows manager to focus on hatchery Allows manager to focus on hatchery problems.problems.
Expedites troubleshooting.Expedites troubleshooting.
Fertility & Hatch of Fertiles:Fertility & Hatch of Fertiles:
Peak fertility: 97%+Peak fertility: 97%+
Peak hatch of fertiles: 93.5%Peak hatch of fertiles: 93.5%
Set fertility & hatch percent standards by Set fertility & hatch percent standards by the age of the breeder flock.the age of the breeder flock.
Hatch of Fertiles According Hatch of Fertiles According to Breeder Flock Age:to Breeder Flock Age:
HatchHatchofof
FertilesFertiles
25-33 wks25-33 wks 90.2%90.2%
34-50 wks34-50 wks 91.8%91.8%
51-68 wks51-68 wks 88.6%88.6%
Example:Example:
86.4% Hatch / 96% Fertility = 90% Hatch of Fertile86.4% Hatch / 96% Fertility = 90% Hatch of Fertile
Causes for Losses in Hatchability.
Fertility
Early Mortality
Mid Mortality
Late Mortality & Pips
42 %
28 %
24 %
6 %
Source: Dr. Keith Bramwell. University of Arkansas. (2002)
Embryo Embryo MortalityMortalityPatterns.Patterns.
Hatcher Hatcher Tray Tray
Residue Residue Analysis.Analysis.
AIS-CM-02
AIS-CM-02
AIS-02
Leg DuplicatioLeg Duplication.n.
Anomalies.Anomalies.
Aisz-2002
AIS-02
AIS-CM-02
AIS-02AIS-02
Not enough Egg Weight Loss?Not enough Egg Weight Loss?
AIS-CM-02
AIS-CM-02
Red Hocks
Mal PositionsMal Positions&&
Points Up.Points Up.
Incorrect CorrectIncorrect Correct
Aisz-2002
AIS-CM-02
AIS-CM-02
D. Baena
Aisz-2002
Aisz-2002
InfertileInfertileEmbryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
to to ratio.ratio. Diseases.Diseases. Nutrition.Nutrition. Breeder Management.Breeder Management.
No development.No development.Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
BLASTODISC
(3-4 mm)
Aisz-2002
Blastodisc Blastodisc
BLASTODISC
Pre-Ovipositional Death
Blastoderm
Day Day 11
Appearance of tissue Appearance of tissue development.development.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Low fertility.Low fertility. Pre-incubation.Pre-incubation. Improper fumigation.Improper fumigation. Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Rough egg handling.Rough egg handling. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
Aisz-2002
Aisz-03
AIS-02
AIS-02
Day Day 22
Tissue development very Tissue development very visible.visible.
Appearance of blood vessels.Appearance of blood vessels.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide Low fertility.Low fertility. Pre-incubation.Pre-incubation. Improper fumigation.Improper fumigation. Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Inverted eggs.Inverted eggs. Rough egg handling.Rough egg handling. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
AIS-02
Ross-Breeders
AIS-02
Capillary Network over the Surface of the Yolk.
AIS-02
30 Hours30 Hours
Day Day 33
Heart beats.Heart beats. Blood vessels very visible.Blood vessels very visible.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Low fertility.Low fertility. Pre-incubation.Pre-incubation. Improper fumigation.Improper fumigation. Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Rough egg handling.Rough egg handling. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
AIS-02
Blood Rings.Blood Rings.
Blood Rings.Blood Rings.
AIS-CM-02
Day Day 44
Both Eyes Pigmented.Both Eyes Pigmented. Heart beat clearly visible.Heart beat clearly visible.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature.Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
Ross-Breeders
Day Day 55
Appearance of elbows and Appearance of elbows and knees.knees.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
AIS-02
10 mm
Dark EyeDark Eye
Dark EyeDark Eye
Day Day 66
Appearance of beak.Appearance of beak. Voluntary movement begins.Voluntary movement begins.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
SM-Cobb
Day Day 77
Comb growth begins.Comb growth begins. Egg tooth begins to appear.Egg tooth begins to appear.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated eggs.Contaminated eggs. Nutritional-drugs-toxins.Nutritional-drugs-toxins.
0-7 D0-7 Daysays
(2-3%)(2-3%)
(3.5-4.5%)(3.5-4.5%)
(4.75-5.5%)(4.75-5.5%)
G. Taylor-CM
Day Day 88
Feather tracts seen.Feather tracts seen. Upper and lower beak equal in Upper and lower beak equal in
length.length.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
S. Martin
Aisz-CM-02
Day Day 99
Embryo starts to look bird likeEmbryo starts to look bird like Mouth opening appears.Mouth opening appears.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
AIS-CM-02
S. Martin
Day Day 1010
Egg tooth prominent.Egg tooth prominent. Toe nails.Toe nails.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
S. Martin
Day Day 1111
Comb serrated.Comb serrated. Tail feathers apparent.Tail feathers apparent.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Inverted eggs.Inverted eggs. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contaminated.Contaminated. Nutritional.Nutritional.
AIS-CM-02 SbrnsSlzrBachoco2003
SM-Cobb
PRfrm-11Días.
Day Day 1212
Toes fully formed.Toes fully formed. First few visible feathers.First few visible feathers.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
SM-Cobb
Day Day 1313
Appearance of scales. Appearance of scales. Body covered lightly with Body covered lightly with
feathers.feathers.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature.Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Insufficient egg holding time.Insufficient egg holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
Es-Aisz-Bachoco-2003
Alantoides
S. Martin
Day Day 1414
Embryo turns head towards Embryo turns head towards large end of egg.large end of egg.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Insufficient holding time.Insufficient holding time. Rough setting of eggs.Rough setting of eggs. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
8-14 D8-14 D
(0.25-0.50%)(0.25-0.50%)
(0.55-0.75%)(0.55-0.75%)
(0.80-1.0%)(0.80-1.0%)
PRfrm-14Days.
AIS-MAP-CM-02
Day Day 1515
Gut is drawn into abdominal Gut is drawn into abdominal cavity.cavity.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper Improper
temperature.temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper Improper
ventilation.ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
Es-Aisz-Bachoco-2003
Day Day 1616
Feathers cover complete body.Feathers cover complete body. Albumen nearly gone.Albumen nearly gone.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
AIS-CM-02
Day Day 1717
Amniotic fluid decreases.Amniotic fluid decreases. Head is between legs.Head is between legs.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic DevelopmentTroubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature. Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
AIS-CM-02
AIS-02AIS-CM-02
AIS-02 Pas-Rfrm-17D.
Day Day 1818
Embryo growth almost complete.Embryo growth almost complete. Yolk sac is still unabsorbed.Yolk sac is still unabsorbed. Head is under the right wing.Head is under the right wing.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Hatcher opened too much. Hatcher opened too much. during hatch cycle.during hatch cycle.
Rough transfer.Rough transfer. Transfer cracks.Transfer cracks. Wet trays and hatchers.Wet trays and hatchers. Inconsistent transfer.Inconsistent transfer. Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature.Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
AIS-02
AIS-CM-02
Es-Aisz-Bachoco-2003
Day Day 1919
Yolk sac draws into body cavity.Yolk sac draws into body cavity. Amniotic fluid gone.Amniotic fluid gone. Embryo occupies most of space Embryo occupies most of space
within egg, excluding the air cell.within egg, excluding the air cell.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting GuideTroubleshooting Guide
Frequent opening of the Frequent opening of the hatcher cabinet during hatch hatcher cabinet during hatch cycle.cycle.
Rough transfer.Rough transfer. Transfer cracks.Transfer cracks. Wet trays and hatchers.Wet trays and hatchers. Inconsistent transfer.Inconsistent transfer. Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper temperature.Improper temperature. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
AIS-CM-02
Es-Aisz-Bachoco-2003
Day 20Day 20
Yolk sac completely reabsorbed. Yolk sac completely reabsorbed. Embryo becomes a chick Embryo becomes a chick
(breathing in air cell). (breathing in air cell). Internal & external pip.Internal & external pip.
Frequent opening of hatcher Frequent opening of hatcher during the hatch.during the hatch.
Transfer Cracks.Transfer Cracks. Wet trays & hatchers.Wet trays & hatchers. Inconsistent transfer.Inconsistent transfer. Improper turning.Improper turning. Improper humidity.Improper humidity. Improper ventilation.Improper ventilation. Points-up.Points-up. Contamination.Contamination. Nutritional.Nutritional.
Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
Troubleshooting guideTroubleshooting guide
15-21 D15-21 D
(2-3%)(2-3%)
(3.5-4%)(3.5-4%)
(4.5-5%)(4.5-5%)
S. Martin
MRI (Embryo @ 19-20 Days).MRI (Embryo @ 19-20 Days).
AIS-02AIS-CM-02
External PippingExternal Pipping
21-Days21-Days&&
500-506 Hours.500-506 Hours.
Late Embryo Late Embryo MortalityMortality
Uneven, Draggy Uneven, Draggy Hatches.Hatches.
Many Thanks for Many Thanks for Your Attention!Your Attention!
AIS-CM-02
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