EF Deficits Across Disabili1es
• ADHD• Au&smSpectrumDisorders• Toure3eSyndrome• ConductDisorder• Turner’sSyndrome• KlinefelterSyndrome• FragileX• Down’sSyndrome
Assessing Execu1ve Func1oning
WisconsinCardSort
TowerofHanoi
One more…
StroopTest Parent/TeacherReport• BehaviorRa&ngInventoryofExecu&veFunc&on(BRIEF)
Components of Execu1ve Func1oning
• Donotappearatthesamelevelofmasterywithinanindividual• Havedifferentdevelopmentaltrajectoriesoccurringatdifferentrates
• Workingmemory,ini&a&onandorganiza&onmoreimpairedinASDastheyage
• Manifestdifferentlyindis&nctdisorders• Inhibi&onlessimpairedinau&smthanADHD• Planningmoreimpairedinau&smthanADHD
• EFskillsaremorestronglyassociatedwithschoolreadinessthanIQ
Interven1ons for EF
Fortypicallydevelopingandthosewithmilddisabili&es,teachingstrategiesthatenhanceEFprocessessuchasgoal
seSng,planning,organizing,priori&zing,shiTingstrategiesflexiblyandself-checkingimprovesstudentperformanceForthosewithmoresignificantdisabili&es,
effec&vemethodstoimproveEFsignificantlyareelusiveResearchhasshownminimalgainsandnolongtermeffects.
Modifica1ons and Accommoda1ons
• Changing,loweringorreducinglearningexpecta&onsisusuallyreferredtoasamodifica&on(alterna&veassessment).• Accommoda&onsareintendedtolessentheeffectsofastudent'sdisabilityandleveltheplayingfieldtodemonstrateexpecta&ons
Typical Accommoda1ons for EF Issues
• Varyac&vityoTen• Reduce/minimizedistrac&ons• Extend/adjust&me• Allowfrequentbreaks• Providechecklistsandvisualschedules• Assis&vetechnology
• Tapedtext,highlightedmaterials,usingcalculators,computers,specialequipment,communica&ondevices
• Assignments• Givedirec&onsinsmalldis&nctsteps,easierformats(matching),seriesofsmallassignments,giveoral/visualcuesorprompts,oralresponses,adapt/simplifytextforunderstanding.
• Reinforcement• Concretereinforcement,checkforunderstanding(trainingtrials)
Typical Modifica1ons for EF Issues
• Usespecializedcurriculumwri3enatalowerlevelofunderstanding• Modifycontentareasbysimplifyingvocabulary,concepts,andprinciples• Adaptac&vi&eswithsimplifiedvocabulary/concepts
Not a “Field of Dreams” or “One Size Fits All”
• Studentmustbetaughtskillstouseaccommoda&onsandhavemanyprac&ceopportuni&espriortoassessment
• Accommoda&onsmustbeindividualizedtotheneedsofthechild
• Whataccommoda&onsdoesthechildregularlyuseintheclassroom?• Whataccommoda&onshasthechildbeenwillingtouse?
Ques&ons?
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