11
EDUCATION System in EDUCATION System in PakistanPakistan
11
5 December , 20085 December , 2008
PART - I
• Constitution of Pakistan
• Organization & Functions
PART – II
• Education Scenario
• Financing
• Education Policy
• Other Programmes
PART - I
• Constitution of Pakistan
• Organization & Functions
PART – II
• Education Scenario
• Financing
• Education Policy
• Other Programmes
ContentsContents
22
Constitution of Pakistan
Constitution of Pakistan
33
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b
“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary
education within minimum possible period”
Concurrent Legislative List:Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy,
centres of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education
44
Functions and OrganizationsFunctions and Organizations
55
Major Functions of Ministry of Education
Under Rules of Business 1973
• National policies, plans and programmes in education. Development of curricula and textbooks.
• International aspects of education.• External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and
diplomas.• Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas
and AJ&K.• Financial assistance to educationists and men of
letters.• National libraries.• Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.• Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign
students in Pakistan.
• National policies, plans and programmes in education. Development of curricula and textbooks.
• International aspects of education.• External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and
diplomas.• Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas
and AJ&K.• Financial assistance to educationists and men of
letters.• National libraries.• Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.• Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign
students in Pakistan. Continue… 66
• International exchange of students and teachers.• Foreign studies and training. International
assistance.• Administration of Selective Federal educational
institutions.
• International exchange of students and teachers.• Foreign studies and training. International
assistance.• Administration of Selective Federal educational
institutions.
Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federal supervision of curricula, textbooks and maintenance of standards of education.
Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federal supervision of curricula, textbooks and maintenance of standards of education.
77
Millennium Development Goals(2001)
1. Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality
2. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls’ full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality
88
Functions of Administration Wing
Recruitment / appointments / promotions / transfers / grant of leave and pension to employees of main Ministry.
Rules and regulations for appointments, promotions, transfers etc. in main Ministry.
Maintenance of CR dossiers / ICP Charts / declaration of assets of officers of Ministry.
Disciplinary cases, Courts and Wafaqi Mohtasib cases. Administrative and financial matters of Federal Board of
Intermediate and Secondary Education and Pakistan National Commission for UNESCO, Inter Board Committee of Chairmen, Islamabad.
Administrative matters / budget of Education Division. Processing of release of funds and reconciliation of
expenditure.
99Continue…
Functions of Administration Wing
Public Accounts Committee, Departmental Accounts Committee, Audit observations and Internal Audits.
Business relating to the Parliament / Cabinet and other organs of State.
Follow-up of President’s and Prime Minister’s Directives. Inter-Ministerial and Intra-Ministerial Coordination. Redressal of public grievances relating to Ministry and its
organizations. Matters pertaining to Pakistan Boys Scouts Association
and Pakistan Girls Guides Association. Presidential Awards i.e. Izaz-i-Kamal, Izaz-i-Fazeelat and
Izaz-i-Sabqat etc.
1010
Functions of Policy & Planning Wing
Formulation of National Policies, Plans and Programs. Process all development schemes (DDWP, CDWP,
ECNEC). Organize Inter-Provincial Education
Secretaries/Ministers' meetings. Prepare and monitor implementation of PSDP, Medium
Term Plan (MTP) and Perspective Plan (PP). Coordinate release of funds with Finance Div., Planning
& Development Div. and AGPR. Monitoring and evaluating education sector
expenditures. Assist and coordinate with Provincial Education, Finance
and Planning Departments and District Governments to develop education sector plans.
Collection of statistics. 1111Continue…
Functions of Policy & Planning Wing
Surveys and research studies. Laison with development partners, within
government and foreign donors and institutions. Negotiate external economic assistance. Prepare reports for media, budget speech, Economic
Survey, year book etc. Disseminate government policies, plans, and
programs among all development partners and stakeholders.
Develop and Maintain Ministry’s website. Oversee functioning of Academy for Educational
Planning and Management.
1212
Functions of Curriculum Wing
1313
Curriculum Wing has been empowered through Federal Supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Maintenance of Standards of Education Act, 1976:
To prepare or cause to be prepared [1] schemes of studies, [2] curricula, [3] manuscripts of textbooks and [4] schedules or strategy for their introduction in accordance with the education policy..
To approve manuscripts of textbooks produced by other agencies before they are prescribed.
To direct any person or agency to delete, amend or withdraw any portion, or the whole, of the curriculum, textbook or reference material.
Functions of Projects Wing
Monitoring of projects.
Collaboration between FIUs & PIUs.
Interact with donor
agencies/partners/stakeholders.
Evaluation of projects.
Management and release of project funds.
Implementation of various projects (GoP and
foreign funded).
1414
Functions of Training Wing Teacher Training and Education-In-service and Pre-service Training Programmes in collaboration with donors agencies. Science Olympiads and fairs in collaboration with Intel and
universities etc. Foreign and local scholarships. International Cooperation and Cultural Exchange Programs. Coordination / NOC to foreign students for admission in
Pakistan on self finance. Management of educational institutions in ICT. Administrative, financial and legal matters of following
institutions: National Institute of Science and Technical Education,
Islamabad Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad Federal College of Education, Islamabad Polytechnic Institute for Women, Islamabad
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Functions of Training Wing
National Education Foundation, Islamabad National Museum of Science and Technical Education,
Lahore Colombo Plan Staff College, Manila, Philippine Technical Panel on Teacher Education, Islamabad Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Karachi National College of Arts, Lahore Sindh Madressah-tul-Islam, Karachi Department of Libraries
1616
Functions of Monitoring & Evaluation Cell
To monitor induction of modern education in Madaris and the working of NGO’s.
To improve working of various organizations by suggesting measures based on performance.
To identify areas in which performance has been unsatisfactory, alongwith suggestions for improvement.
Keep Secretary / Minister informed on proper observance and implementation of procedures in various departments, particularly financial discipline.
Monitor and prevent losses due to fraud, misappropriation, pilferage, misuse and theft.
Keep Secretary / Minister informed of any activities prejudicial to the public interest and state of discipline and morale of students and employees.
1717
Functions of PMUPMU will closely oversee all stages and aspects of planning, resource mobilization, monitoring and coordination of all development projects including ESR Programme at Federal, Provincial and District level.
Main Functions of PMU Ensure timely release of funds to line departments. Evolve Monitoring mechanism to gauge the out-puts/out-
comes of development Projects. To collect quarterly monitoring reports containing physical as
well as financial achievements. To ensure optimum and efficient utilization of the budget. To evaluate achievement of programme objectives and
targets. To suggest and supervise remedial measures to improve
effectiveness and efficiency of the programme.
1818
Pakistan Chairs Abroad1. Quaid-e-Azam Distinguished Professorship at Columbia
University, USA.
2. Quaid-e-Azam Studies Chair, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
3. Quaid-e-Azam Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.
4. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.
5. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Humboldt University, Germany.
6. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
7. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
8. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Kazakh Albai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Almaty, Kazakhistan.
1919Continue…
9. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ankara University, Turkey.
10. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tehran University, Iran.
11. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tribhuvan University, Katmandu, Nepal.
12. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Jordan University, Amman.
13. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Peking University, Beijing, China.
14. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Bapist University, Hong Kong.
15. Allama Iqbal Research chair in Urdu and Arabic, King Saudi University, Saudi Arabia.
Pakistan Chairs Abroad
2020
2121
1. Central Asia, University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
2. South Asia, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
3. Far East and South East Asia, University of Sindh.
4. Europe, University of Karachi, Karachi.
5. Middle East and Arab Countries, University of Balochistan, Quetta.
6. Africa, North and South America, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
Area Study Centres For:
Pakistan Study Centres at Universities of Punjab,Sindh, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta & Q. A. University
Shaikh Zayed Islamic Centres, University of Punjab, Karachi & Peshawar.
1. Psychology – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. 2. Mineralogy – University of Balochistan, Quetta.3. Analytical Chemistry – University of Sindh, Jamshoro.4. Water Resources Engineering – University of Engineering
and Technology, Lahore.5. Arts & Design – Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology, Jamshoro.6. Marine Biology – University of Karachi, Karachi.7. History and Culture – Quaid-e-Azam University,
Islamabad. 8. Molecular Biology – University of the Punjab, Lahore.9. Gender Studies – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. 10. Geology – University of Peshawar, Peshawar.11. Physical Chemistry – University of Peshawar, Peshawar.12. Solid State Physics – University of the Punjab, Lahore.
Centres of Excellence
2222
PART – IIEDUCATION SCENARIO
2323
Country
Ranking(out of 177 countries)
2005 2006 2007
Iran 99 96 94
Sri Lanka 93 93 99
Maldives 96 98 100
India 127 126 128
Bhutan 134 135 133
Pakistan 135 134 136
Bangladesh 139 137 140
Nepal 136 138 142
Human Development IndexHuman Development Index
Source: Human Development Reports, 2005-06 & 2007-08, UNDP
Source: Human Development Reports, 2005-06 & 2007-08, UNDP 2424
Sources: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2006-07
67%
48%
67%
42%
22%
58%
28%
67%
58%
47%
42%
55%
Literacy Rates
Pakistan: 55%Male: 67%Female: 42%
“The ability of a person who can read a
newspaper and write a simple letter in any
language”
Literacy Definition(As in 1998
Census)
Literacy Definition(As in 1998
Census)
2525
Educational Institutions by Level
Level Total Public PrivatePre-primary 1,081 287 794
Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88
Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823
Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115
Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540
British System 281 11 270
NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823
Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857
Universities 116 59 57
Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831
Vocational 3,059 916 2,143
Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799
Others 3,120 2,241 879
TOTAL 227,791 151,772(67%)
76,019(33%)
Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP2626
Institutions by Medium of Instruction
Type# of
Institutions
Urdu English Sindhi
Others
Total 227,791 148065(65%)
22779(10%)
34168(15%)
22779(10%)
Public 151,744 103,186
(68%)
3,035(2%)
33,384
(22%)
12,139(8%)
Private 76,047 43,347(57%)
21,293(28%)
1,521(2%)
9,886(13%)
Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP2727
No. of Institutions, Enrolment, Teaching Staff
Area
Educational
Institutions Covered
Non-Function
al
Enrolment
(Million)
Teaching Staff
Pakistan 227,791 12,737 33.51,356,80
2
Punjab 110,459 2,742 18.3 716,768
Sindh 51,006 3442 6.6 290,749
NWFP 37,761 1,781 5.2 198,893
Balochistan
10,986 306 1.1 50,893
ICT 1,189 23 0.4 19,387
FATA 5,145 123 0.6 22,079
Northern Area
3,977 128 0.4 15,196
AJK 7,268 192 0.9 42,837Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006
2828
Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006
Enrolment (Million)Enrolment (Million)Province/
Area Total Male Female Rural Urban
Pakistan 33.379 18.98157%
14.39843%
19.15957%
14.21943%
Punjab 18.298 9.79554%
8.50346%
10.37457%
7.92443%
Sindh 6.552 3.84459%
2.70741%
2.55139%
4.00161%
NWFP 5.206 3.32264%
1.88436%
3.93676%
1.27024%
Balochistan 1.110 0.713 64%
0.39636%
0.66260%
0.44740%
ICT 0.390 0.208 53%
0.18147%
0.09023%
0.30077%
FATA 0.605 0.440 73%
0.16527%
0.605100% -
Northern Area 0.354 0.190
54%0.16446%
0.28881%
0.06619%
AJK 0.859 0.464 54%
0.39546%
0.65076%
0.20924%
2929
Deeni Madaris (Enrolment and Teaching Staff)
Area No.
Covered
No. of Refusal
s
No. for which Data Collected
EnrolmentTeaching
Staff
Pakistan 12,979 826 12,153 1,549,242 58,391
Punjab 5,459 159 5,300 674,281 24,977
Sindh 1,935 119 1,816 312,693 11,951
NWFP 2,843 275 2,568 336,983 12,058
Balochistan
769 99 670 65,597 2,891
ICT 77 15 62 10,557 657
FATA 135 43 92 14,162 481
FANA 1,193 39 1,154 88,540 3,160
AJK 568 77 491 46,429 2,216
Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006
3030
Drop-out Rates
Class 11-12
Class 9-10
Class 6- 8
Class 1-5
0.076
1.311
3.074
12.480
Enrolment1999-2000
Dropouts 1999-2000
Dropouts 2004-05
0.708
1.479
3.323
14.829
30.14%
22.41%
24.5%
53.0%
0.023
0.294
0.753
6.614
15.7%
15.68%
15.9%
31.3%
0.111
0.232
0.528
4.641
Total: 16.941 Million Total: 7.684 Million Total: 5.512 MillionTotal: 20.339 Million
Total children eligible for enrolment (5-16): 44.340 millionChildren who did not enroll (5-16): 24.001 million
Enrolment2004-05
Class 11-12
Class 9-10
Class 6- 8
Class 1-5
Source: 1. National Institute of Population Studies, 2004-05, 2. NEMIS, M/o Education. 3131
No Boundary Wall
No DrinkingWater
No Electricity No Toilet No Building
53,481(33%)
46,766(29%)
81,633(50%) 9,776
(6%)
57,216(35%)
PAKISTANMissing Facilities
Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006
Total schools upto Middle level160,798
Total schools upto Middle level160,798
3232
Public Schools in Union CouncilsPublic Schools in Union Councils
Pakistan Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch. AJK FANA
Number of Union Councils
6,438 3,446 1,108 998 567 196 111
No. of Union Councils without Boys High School
2,080(32%)
1,170(34%)
386(35%)
247(25%)
225(40%)
20(10%)
32(29%)
No. of Union Councils without Girls High School
3,919(61%)
2,014(58%)
780(70%)
619(62%)
374(66%)
45(23%)
87(78%)
No. of Union Councils without Boys Higher Sec. School
5,880(91%)
3,215(93%)
993(90%)
816(82%)
567(100%)
178(91%)
111(100%)
No. of Union Council without Girls Higher Sec. School
6,053(94%)
3,243(94%)
1,046(94%)
911(91%)
567(100%)
175(89%)
111(100%)
3333
Computer and Science Labs in High SchoolsComputer and Science Labs in High Schools
Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch.Total
Pakistan
Total number of high schools
13,152 4,608 2,723 670 21,153
Without Computer Labs
4,030(31%)
1,362(29%)
1,256(46%)
476(71%)
7,124(34%)
Without Science labs
1,527(12%)
832(18%)
511(19%)
356(53%)
3,226(15%)
Without Science Teachers
1,143(9%)
---247(9%)
86(13%)
1,476(7%)
3434
FinancingFinancing
3535
Financing
YearRecurrin
g Developme
ntTotal
% of GDP
Private
Sector
% of GDP*
2000-01 69.5 6.4 75.9 1.82% 16.8 2.22%
2001-02 70.4 8.5 78.9 1.79% 22.0 2.28%
2002-03 79.5 10.4 89.9 1.86% 26.3 2.41%
2003-04 94.3 30.0 124.3 2.20% 31.1 2.75%
2004-05 106.6 33.3 139.9 2.13% 36.0 2.67%
2005-06 128.9 41.9 170.8 2.21% 40.7 2.74%
2006-07 160.0 56.6 216.6 2.48% 45.5 2.96%
2007-08 191.0 65.0 256.0 2.44%
(Rs. billion)
* % of GDP including Private sector budget.Source: Demands for grants, Budget books of Govt. of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan & AJ&K. Federal Ministries/Divisions, District Governments.
3636
EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA
Country Percentage
Iran 4.7
India 3.8
Bangladesh 2.4
Maldives 7.5
Nepal 3.4
Pakistan 2.21 (05-06)2.44(07-08)
Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008
3737
Education PolicyEducation Policy
3838
Challenges Weakened Governance
Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships
Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary
schools Inconvenient school location
3939
SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
• Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education• Promotion of Equity• Minimum National Standards• Relevance to Labour Market• Sector Planning• Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018• Encourage Private sector• Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education• Improve Planning, Management and Implementation
Capacity• Donor Harmonisation• Overcoming Fragmented Governance
4040Continue…
• Bridging the Public Private Divide• Improved Examination System• Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5
years) & inclusive education.• Achieve the MDG goals. • All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle
level• Well developed plan for expanding school
facilities.• High priority to reducing drop out rates • Improved school environment• Career Counselling at higher secondary level• Develop national literacy curriculum • Enhance qualifications for employment as
teachers4141Continue…
• Pre-service & in-service teacher training• Accreditation and certification of teachers • Merit based teacher recruitment, professional
development, promotions & postings• Curriculum development • Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning
materials• District Education Boards to be established for
managing schools• Separate management & academic cadres
4242
i. Highlights of New Scheme of Studies:
a.a. ‘‘Islamiat’ as an integrated subject in Classes I-II. Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. ‘Ethics’ for non-Muslims.
b. Advanced ‘Islamic Studies’ in Classes IX-XII as an elective subject.
c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII.
d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII.
1. Policy Reforms Undertaken
4343Continue…
Highlights of New Scheme of Studies
e. History, Geography compulsory in Classes VI-VIII. Includes history of sub-continent upto 1947. Post 1947 in Pak Studies.
f. Computer Literacy compulsory for Classes VI-VIII. ‘Computer Science’ elective subject in Classes IX-X and a Group in Class XI-XII.
g. Choice of Arabic / Other Languages, Drawing, Technology, Home Economics, Agriculture in Classes VI to VIII.
h. Medical Technology Group (6 subjects) in Classes XI & XII.
4444
ii. Review of Curriculum:
a. Curriculum being updated in view of new Scheme of Studies, challenges of modern world and job market.
b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified. Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81.
4545
iii. New Textbook Policy:
Main features are: improved quality of education through
quality textbooks at affordable prices, competitive publishing of textbooks by
public & private publishers, textbook boards will become facilitating
& regulating authorities. Will approve textbooks.
controversial material (cultural, religious, ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks.
4646
to improve quality of education at elementary level.
to develop capacity in education assessment.
to measure learning achievements of students in grades IV and VIII.
Based on test results, education system being rehashed.
iv. National Education Assessment System (NEAS)
iv. National Education Assessment System (NEAS)
4747
v. Examination System:
a. Centralized Examination System.b. Question papers will have 3 parts:
i. 20% objective. ii. 50% short answers. iii. 30% descriptive answers. Choice reduced to 33%. Papers based on curriculum, not
textbooks. Teachers being trained to prepare
children for new pattern.c.c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max
of 2 subjects.of 2 subjects.c.c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max
of 2 subjects.of 2 subjects.4848
vi. Access to Education
a. Free education and textbooks up to secondary level.
b. To promote girls' education, future primary schools to be co-education with female teachers only.
c. Stipends to girl students at Middle level.
4949
vii. Governance Reforms
a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM) Conference, for uniformity at national level.
b. Colleges & Technical education schools withdrawn from Districts and placed under Provinces.
c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class.
d. Regulatory Authority for private educational institutions in Islamabad.
e. Uniform academic session from 2009.
5050Continue…
f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory from Class-1 onwards.
g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in Urdu in all schools.
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5252
Thank youThank you
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