Dr. Waseem AnwarDr. Waseem Anwar
Education in PakistanEducation in Pakistan
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Contents
PART - I
• Definition of Education
• Constitution of Pakistan
PART – II
• Education Scenario
• Education Policy
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Definition of Education
The definition of education in common
usage, that education is merely the
delivery of knowledge, skills and
information from teachers to students, is
inadequate to capture what is really
important about being and becoming
educated.
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The proper definition of education is
the process of becoming an
educated person.
Being an educated person means
you have access to optimal states of
mind regardless of the situation you
are in.
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Constitution of Pakistan
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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b
“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory
secondary education within minimum possible period”
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Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence,
standard of education & Islamic education
Concurrent Legislative List:
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PART – II
EDUCATION
SCENARIO
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Human Development Index
Country Ranking
(out of 177 countries)
2005 2006 2007
Iran 99 96 94
Sri Lanka 93 93 99
Maldives 96 98 100
India 127 126 128
Bhutan 134 135 133
Pakistan 135 134 136
Bangladesh 139 137 140
Nepal 136 138 142
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Literacy Rates
Literacy Definition(As in 1998 Census)
“The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any
language”
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Literacy Rates
• PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67
%,Female = 42%) Province
Literacy Rate
• Punjab= 60.2%
• Sindh = 57.7%
• NWFP = 49.9%
• Balochistan = 48.8%
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Educational Institutions by Level
Level Total Public PrivatePre-primary 1,081 287 794Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115Secondary 25,090 10,550
14,540British System 281 11 270NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857Universities 116 59 57Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831Vocational 3,059 916 2,143Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799
Others 3,120 2,241 879TOTAL 227,791 151,77(67%) 76,019
(33%)
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Institutions by Medium of Instruction
Type # of Institutions Urdu English SindhiOthers
Total 227,791 14806 2277 3416 22779
Public 151,744 103,186 3,035 33,384 12,139
Private 76,047 43,347 21,29 3,521 9,886
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EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN
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Challenges
• Weakened Governance−Fragmentation −Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier
Relationships• Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers• Quality of curriculum, textbooks &
exams• Low level of literacy• Out of school children• Dropouts
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Challenges
• Public Private Partnership• In-adequate financing• Gender Equity• Poor monitoring & evaluation• Imbalance in primary, middle &
secondary schools• Inconvenient school location
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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN
• Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education
• Promotion of Equity
• Minimum National Standards
• Relevance to Labour Market
• Sector Planning
• Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018
• Encourage Private sector
• Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education
• Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity
• Donor Harmonisation
• Overcoming Fragmented Governance
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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN
• Bridging the Public Private Divide
• Improved Examination System
• Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive education.
• Achieve the MDG goals.
• All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level
• Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.
• High priority to reducing drop out rates
• Improved school environment
• Career Counselling at higher secondary level
• Develop national literacy curriculum
• Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers
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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN
• Pre-service & in-service teacher training• Accreditation and certification of teachers • Merit based teacher recruitment, professional
development, promotions & postings• Curriculum development • Competitive publishing of textbooks and
learning materials• District Education Boards to be established for
managing schools• Separate management & academic cadres
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Non-Development Development Total
1. Ministry of Education 1,824.426 3,122.459 4,946.885
2. Higher Education
Commission
7,045.608 9,104.436 16,150.044
(Rs. in million)
Allocation of Funds to Education:Year 2009-10
3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education
a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris) 1449.000
b. Education Sector Reforms Program 800.00
c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan
AJK and FATA
170.510
d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU 84.670
e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) 71.530
f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah 50.000
Continue…
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g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur 50.000
h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions
to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges
45.000
i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions
to the level of Islamabad Model Schools
40.000
j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to
reach areas of FATA (NORAD assisted)
39.329
(Rs. In million)
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1. Tripartite Partnership:1. Tripartite Partnership:
The role of family, the community and the State. All need to be mobilized.
2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:
3. Provision of Free Textbooks:3. Provision of Free Textbooks:
4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl 4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl Students:Students:
5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools 5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools Particularly in Rural Areas.Particularly in Rural Areas.
Future Plans for Education in Pakistan
Continue…
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6. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Female 6. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Female Teachers:Teachers:
Better status and pay for teachers.
Experience has demonstrated that schools with female teachers function well particularly at Primary level.
7. Improvement in Learning Environment:7. Improvement in Learning Environment:
Better infrastructure through School Management Councils.
8. Technical / Vocational Education:8. Technical / Vocational Education:
It is important to provide demand related skills.
9. Instructional Methods:9. Instructional Methods:
Emphasis must be given on development of analytical faculties of the students. Continue…
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10. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge:10. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge: To improve teachers’ knowledge of the subject
and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills.
11. English Language:11. English Language: Introduction of English from Class – I.
Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools.
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Thank You All Thank You All