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EditorialSelf-Organization in Mobile Networking Systems

Hyun-Ho Choi,1 Seok-Chul Kwon,2 Youngwook Ko,3 and Jung-Ryun Lee4

1Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea2Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA3School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK4School of the Electrical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to Jung-Ryun Lee; [email protected]

Received 10 November 2016; Accepted 10 November 2016

Copyright © 2016 Hyun-Ho Choi et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Current mobile communication and networking systems,such as cellular network, wireless local area network, adhoc network, and vehicular network, require manual con-figuration and centralized control for both deployment andoperation. Such a paradigmwould not be so feasible in futuremobile networking systems, where a tremendous number ofembedded devices and everyday items will be interconnectedby various wireless technologies. One of the importantdesign features for these future systems is the so-called self-x functions including self-configuration, self-optimization,self-adaption, self-healing, and self-protection. These self-organizing functions can reduce the network deploymenttime, save the operational costs, enhance the network perfor-mance, and facilitate network management without humaninvolvement. For this reason, the self-organization in net-works has become an interesting research topic and still needsto be investigated for future mobile networking systems.

This special issue contains 11 papers selected from submis-sions to the open call for papers.These papers highlight someof the current research interests and achievements in the areaof self-organizing algorithms, protocols, and applications invarious mobile networking systems.

The paper by J. Park and Y. Lim is entitled “AdaptiveAccess Class Barring Method for Machine Generated Com-munications.”This paper proposes an adaptive access barringmethod for machine type communication (MTC) in 3GPPcellular networks. Since an eNB does not know the numberofMTCdevices in its coverage area, it is difficult to control thebarring factor by predicting the number of MTC devices in aservice area of a cell. Therefore, the authors have controlledthe barring factor based on the prediction of access intensity

which can be measured at an eNB. Because the proposedmethod can manipulate the barring factor autonomouslyaccording to the access intensity, it is superior to the originalmethod in terms of the access success probability and thecollision probability.

The paper by K. Lee and J. Ko is entitled “Adaptive PowerAllocation and Splitting with Imperfect Channel Estimationin Energy Harvesting Based Self-Organizing Networks.” Theauthors have introduced an adaptive power allocation andsplitting (APAS) scheme which takes imperfect channelestimations in consideration, whereas previous researches inRF-based information and energy transfer build up on theassumption that perfect channel estimation is easily achiev-able. The proposed APAS scheme achieves near-optimalperformances for transferring energy and data over a singleRF transmission.

The paper by J. M. Arana et al. is entitled “Random-Access Technique for Self-Organization of 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Communications.” This paper proposes twodifferent types of random access preambles (RAPs) to reducethe processing time in the random access stage. Analyses ofthe correlation property, false-alarm probability, and detec-tion probability verify that the proposed RAPs are suitable forrandom access in mm wave cellular systems with directionalbeams because of the smaller processing time and highdetection probability in multiuser environments.

The paper by W. Wang et al. is entitled “An AdaptiveInformation Quantity-Based Broadcast Protocol for SafetyServices in VANET.” This paper proposes an informationquantity-based broadcast protocol to ensure the efficiency

Hindawi Publishing CorporationMobile Information SystemsVolume 2016, Article ID 9083762, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9083762

2 Mobile Information Systems

of safety messages dissemination. The presented emergency-degree-based broadcast (EDCast) protocol differentiates eachpacket’s priority for accessing the channel based on itsemergency degree so as to provide vehicles with more safetyinformation timely and accurately. In addition, an adaptivescheme is presented to ensure fast dissemination of mes-sages in different network condition. The proposed EDCastachieves higher broadcast efficiency and less redundancywith less delivery delay so that it is feasible and necessary forincorporating information quantity of messages in designingan efficient safety message broadcast protocol.

The paper by F. Zhou et al. is entitled “Utility Maximiza-tion for Load Optimization in Cellular/WLAN InterworkingNetwork Based on Generalized Benders Decomposition”. Inthis paper, a utility maximization (UTMAX) optimizationmodel and an ASRAO algorithm based on generalizedBenders Decomposition is presented to investigate load opti-mizing from a perspective of system utilization maximiza-tion. The authors show a tradeoff between improvements inuser throughput fairness and system total throughput. SinceUTMAX requires a mixed integer nonlinear programming,which is intractable intuitively, the authors proposed ASRAOto solve this problem optimally and effectively. An optionalphase for expediting ASRAO is proposed by using relaxationand approximation techniques, which reduces nearly 10%iterations and time needed by normal ASRAO from simula-tion results. The results also show UTMAX’s good effects onimproving WLAN usage and edge user throughput.

The paper by J. A. Fernandez-Segovia et al. is entitled“A Fast Self-Planning Approach for Fractional Uplink PowerControl Parameters in LTE Networks”. In this work, theauthors presented the self-planning of Uplink FractionalPower Control (FPC) settings. For this purpose, the authorsformulated the FPC planning problem in a cell basis throughthe combination of multiple regular scenarios built on a per-adjacency basis. A detailed inspection on the FPC parametervalues to identify themost important variables in the scenarioimpacting optimal FPC settings follows. And regressionequations are built based on key variables for a simple FPCparameter calculation. Results show that network perfor-mance with proposed FPC parameter settings shows betterperformance comparedwith typical FPC configurations fromoperators.

The paper by E. Cheng et al. is entitled “A TDoALocalization Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks withUse of Multilinear Chirp Signals.” This paper takes theMultilinear Chirp (MLC) signals as the location signal toimprove the anticollision ability and proposes a fast efficientdetection method called Mixing Change Rate-FractionalFourier Transform (MCR-FrFT) in order to increase thedetection efficiency of MLC. The proposed method trans-forms the combined rates of MLC into symmetry trianglerates and then separates the multiuser signals based on thetransformed rates by using FrFT. The proposed method candetect the locations signals, estimate the time difference ofarrival, reduce the multiple access interference, and improvethe location performance.

The paper by J. Paek et al. is entitled “A MeasurementStudy of BLE iBeacon andGeometric Adjustment Scheme for

Indoor Location-BasedMobileApplications.”This paper per-forms empirical measurements on three different BluetoothLow-Energy (BLE) iBeacon devices for indoor location-based mobile applications. This measurement result showsthat the signal strength readings from iBeacon vary signif-icantly over different vendors, mobile platforms, environ-mental or deployment factors, and usage scenarios. Fromthis measurement result, the authors proposed a simple classattendance checking application by performing a simple formof geometric adjustments to compensate for the naturalvariations in beacon signal strength readings.

The paper by J. Shim and Y. Lim is entitled “WSN-Based Height Estimation of Moving Object in SurveillanceSystems.” This paper considers the physical height to differ-entiate an intruder from detected objects in the wireless sen-sor network-based surveillance system. Using the measuredinformation from sensors, the authors estimated the heightof the detected object. Based on the height, if the detectedobject is decided as an intruder, an alarm is given to a controlcenter. The proposed mechanism correctly and fast estimatesthe height of the object without complex computation.

The paper by O. Jo et al. is entitled “Intergroup JointScheduling for Mitigating Asymmetric Uplink Interferencein Self-Organizing Virtual Cell Networks.” This paper intro-duces the concept of self-organizing Virtual Cell Network(VCN). In this self-organizing VCN, the authors proposed anefficient scheduling algorithm that considers the asymmetryof interference between downlink and uplink to mitigateintercell interferencewith little computing overhead.Thebasicconcept is to construct scheduling groups that consist of sev-eral users. Each user in a scheduling group is affiliated with adifferent cell.Then, the intercell groups aremanaged efficient-ly in the proposed VCNs. The proposed scheduling methoddoes not require the exchange of a lot of information amongbase stations to schedule the users over the entire network.

The paper by W. Lee and B. C. Jung is entitled “Improv-ing Energy Efficiency of Cooperative Femtocell Networksvia Base Station Switching Off.” This paper proposed BSswitching-off technique for a cooperative femtocell networkin which multiple femtocell BSs (FBSs) simultaneously sendpackets to the same mobile station. The authors formulatedthe optimization problem to find the optimal set of FBSs tobe turned off and proposed a suboptimal scheme operatingin a distributed manner in order to reduce the computationalcomplexity of the optimal scheme. Results showed that theenergy consumption is reduced compared with conventionalschemes and the suboptimal scheme achieved the near-optimal performance with lower computational complexity.

AcknowledgmentsThe guest editors would like to thank the authors for theircontributions to this special issue andmany experts who haveprovided constructive comments to the authors to improvethe quality of the papers.

Hyun-Ho ChoiSeok-Chul KwonYoungwook KoJung-Ryun Lee

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