Ecosystems
Ecosystems
Primary producers
Sun
Ecosystems
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary producers
Sun
Ecosystems
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary producers
Sun
Ecosystems
Detritus Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary producers
Sun
Ecosystems
Detritus Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary producers
Sun
Ecosystems
Microbes and other
detritivores
Detritus Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary producers
Sun
Detritus
Ecosystems
Primary producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Microbes and other
detritivores
Sun
Detritus
Ecosystems
Primary producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Microbes and other
detritivores
Sun
Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period
Ecosystems
Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period.
Ecosystems
Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time.
Ecosystems
Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R)
NPP = GPP – R
Ecosystems
Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R)
NPP = GPP – R
Ecosystems
IMPORTANT
GPP can be measured in: •Energy J/m2/yr•Biomass g/m2/yr
Ecosystems
GPP can be measured in: •Energy J/m2/yr•Biomass g/m2/yr
Biomass is dry weight and includes only new mass.
Ecosystems
Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)
Ecosystems
Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)
Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans
Ecosystems
Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)
Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans.
Eutrophication is overgrowth of algae in lakes and ponds.
Ecosystems
Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture
Ecosystems
Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture.
Ecosystems
NP
P (
g/m
2 /yr
)
Evapotranspiration (mm)
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels
Ecosystems
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels net secondary production assimilation of primary production
Ecosystems
efficiency = -------------------------------
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels
calories eaten calories stored
Ecosystems
efficiency = -------------------------------
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels
calories eaten calories stored
Usually less than 20%
Ecosystems
efficiency = -------------------------------
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels
Ecosystems
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels
Ecosystems
Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels.
Ecosystems
Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.
Ecosystems
Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.
Ecosystems
Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.
Ecosystems
Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.
Ecosystems
Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.
Ecosystems
Biogeochemical cycles
Ecosystems
Detritus
Ecosystems
Primary producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Microbes and other
detritivores
Sun
Detritus
Ecosystems
Primary producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Microbes and other
detritivores
Detritus
Ecosystems
Primary producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Microbes and other
detritivores
Abiotic reservoir
Geologic processes
Important cycles:•Water•Carbon•Nitrogen •Phosphorus.
Ecosystems
Math Review
rB > C
Math Review
rB > C
ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)Δt K
Math Review
rB > C
net secondary production assimilation of primary productionefficiency = --------------------------------------
ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)Δt K
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