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ANIMAL BEHAVIORANIMAL BEHAVIOR
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TERMS TO KNOWTERMS TO KNOW
Instinct (reflexes and responses) what theanimal has at birth. Ex. Nursing, searchingfor food.
Habituation learning to respond withoutthinking, response to certain stimulus isestablished as a result of habituation.
Conditioning learning to respond in aparticular way to a stimulus as a result ofreinforcement when the proper response ismade.
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TERMS TO KNOWTERMS TO KNOW
Reinforceent a reward for making theproper response.
Reasoning the ability to respond correctly
to a stimulus the first time that a newsituation is presented.
Inte!!igence the ability to learn to adust
successfully to certain situations. !othshort"term and long"term memory are partof intelligence.
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MA"OR T#$ES O% ANIMALMA"OR T#$ES O% ANIMAL
BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR #exual
$aternal %ommunicati&e
#ocial 'eeding
Eliminati&e
#helter"#eeking n&estigati&e
llelomimetic $aladapti&e
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SE&'AL BEHAVIORSE&'AL BEHAVIOR
*seful in implementing breeding programsExamples of #exual !eha&ior
o%ows that are in heat, allow themsel&es to be mounted
by otherso!ulls, rams and stallions smell the &agina and urine to
detect pheromones
o'lehmen $ale animal lifts head and curls its upper lip
o+ams chase ewes that are coming into heato#ows seek out boars for mating
o$ares in heat suat and urinate when stallion
approaches and &ul&a winks
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MATERNAL BEHAVIORMATERNAL BEHAVIOR
'emales taking care of newborn and young
animals
Examples of $aternal !eha&ioro $others clean young by licking them
o $others fight off intruders
o !ecome aggressi&e in protecting they young
after birth
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COMM'NICATIVE BEHAVIORCOMM'NICATIVE BEHAVIOR
-hen some type of information is exchangedbetween indi&idual animals
Examples of %ommunicati&e !eha&ior
o istress %alls /ambs bleat, cal&es bawl, pigssueal and chicks chirp
o ams recogni0e offspring by smell
o 'arm animals respond to calls or whistles of theproducer
o!ulls bellow deeply to communicate aggressi&ebeha&ior
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SOCIAL BEHAVIORSOCIAL BEHAVIORncludes 1fight or flight2 and aggressi&e and passi&e
beha&iors between animals
ncludes interactions with other animals, humans andbeha&ior during handling and restraint
Examples of #ocial !eha&ioro $ales of all farm animals fight when they meet other
unfamiliar males of the same species
o %ows, sows and mares de&elop a pecking order, but fight
less intensely than maleso %ows withdraw from the herd to a secluded spot ust before
cal&ing
o lmost all animals withdraw from the herd if they are sick
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%EE(IN) BEHAVIOR%EE(IN) BEHAVIOR
Exhibited by animals when eating and drinking(ngesti&e !eha&ior)
Examples of 'eeding !eha&ior
o %attle gra0e 3"4hrs5day, ruminate 3"4hrs5day,regurgitate 677"377 boluses of feed per day
o #heep and goats gra0e 4"88hrs5day, ruminate 9"87hrs5day, regurgitate 377":77 boluses of feed perday
o %attle usually don;t go more than 6 miles away fromwater
o #heep may tra&el as much as < miles a day
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ELIMINATIVE BEHAVIORELIMINATIVE BEHAVIORElimination of feces and urine
Examples of Eliminati&e !eha&ior
o %attle, sheep, horses, goats and chickens eliminate feces= urine indiscriminately
o
>ogs eliminate feces in definite areas of a pasture or peno %attle, sheep, goats and swine defecate while standing or
walking, urinate while standing, but not walking
o %attle defecate 8?"8< times5day, urinate 9"88 times5day
o >orses defecate @"8? times5day, urinate 9"88 times5dayonimals defecate = urinate more when stressed or excited
onimals loose 6A of their li&e weight when transported to= from market points (#hrink)
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SHELTER*SEEKIN)SHELTER*SEEKIN)
BEHAVIORBEHAVIORExamples of #helter"#eeking !eha&ior
o nimals crowd together in snow and cold winds
o nimals seek shelter of trees when it rains
o %attle and sheep seek shady area for rest and
rumination if weather is hot
o >ogs find a wet area if weather is hoton extreme situations, animals pile up to the extent
that some get smothered
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INVESTI)ATIVE BEHAVIORINVESTI)ATIVE BEHAVIOR
Examples of n&estigati&e !eha&ior
o Bigs, horses and dairy goats are highly curious,
in&estigate any strange obect, approach carefully,slowly, sniffing and looking as they approach
o #heep are less curious and more timid
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ALLELOMIMETICALLELOMIMETIC
nimals of a species tend to do the same thing atthe same time
mportant in that a producer may obser&e theherd with little difficulty, also useful in dri&ing
groups of animals from one place to another
Examples of llelomimetic !eha&ior
o %attle and sheep tend to gra0e at the same time and
rest and ruminate at the same timeo +ange cattle gather at the watering place about the
same time each day because one follows the other
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MALA(A$TIVE BEHAVIORMALA(A$TIVE BEHAVIOR
nimals that cannot adapt to their en&ironment,
exhibit inappropriate or unusual beha&ior
Examples of $aladapti&e !eha&ior
o %hickens and swine in extensi&e management(confinement) systems resort to cannibalism,
remo&al of tails is a pre&ention method
o
!uller"steer syndrome steers that ha&e beencastrated before puberty demonstrate masculine
beha&ior
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