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Page 1: Ecological Footprint - Indiana University of Pennsylvania...Ecological Footprint (continued) An Ecological Footprint is calculated be the sum of cropland, forest, grazing land, fishing

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Ecological Footprint(yes, another footprint!)

An Ecological Footprint is a measure of how much productive land and water an individual, a city, a country (or even a planet) requires  to produce all the resources they consume AND to absorb all the waste they generate using the technology of the day

http://ww

w.santam

onicapropertyblog.com

Ecological Footprint(continued)

An Ecological Footprint is calculated be the sum of cropland, forest, grazing land, fishing ground, built‐up land, and carbon and nuclear energy footprints required to sustain them and to absorb their outputs

Today’s global ecological footprint is 2.2 hectares per person

This is considered by the WWF at 21% OVER the earth’s biocapacity– Earth’s capacity at current population is 

about 1.8 hectares per person

Source: World Wildlife Fund

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Ecological Footprint of Selected Cities and Host Countries

Ecological Footprint of Countries by Income (2003)

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What economic sectors are making the global eco‐footprint grow?

Source: World Wildlife Fund

Where is our ecological foot at on the globe?

Source: World Wildlife Fund

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Panama

• Panama was ‘created’ as a sovereign political state by the U.S. 

• Panama was emancipated from Columbia by the US in 1903

• This happened largely because the U.S. wanted to control what would become the Panama Canal Zone• The U.S. controlled the zone from 1903‐1979• Joint U.S.‐Panamanian control of the zone was from1979 – 1999• Panamanian control after 1999• Hong Kong business now leases the canal for 25 years

The Panama Canal

• French owned company began the project in in 1880, but ran out of money

• In 1904, the US continued the construction of the Canal, with control of the passage

• 4 % of the world’s oceanic trade uses the canal

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The Panama Canal

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Profile of the Panama Canal

The Pacific Ocean is about 5 meters higher in elevation than the Atlantic Ocean

The Panama Canal requires a series of locks to accommodate the difference in sea level heights between the Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico) Ocean and the Pacific Ocean

Canal Lock Size

• Ships have been produced to maximize cargo passage through the canal locks– These are called Panamax Vessels

– Panamax dimensions are slightly smaller than the lock size of 27 feet deep, 1,200 feet long, and 110 feet wide

– 92 % of the world’s ocean fleet are Panamax dimensions

• New ships are being constructed worldwide that are too large to enter the Panama Canal– Called post‐Panamax Vessels

– 60 % of all ships ordered after 1999 are post‐Panamax dimensions

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Two shipping lanes of Panama Canal

Panamax vessel with containers

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Panamax is yesterday, POST‐Panamax is now:

• The Conference Report for the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2012 is preparing for  the ‘critical need for additional port and inland waterway modernization to accommodate POST‐PanamaxVessels

• Post‐Panamax vessels make up 16% of the world’s container fleet

• …but account for 45% of the fleet’s capacity (!)

• By 2030, they are expected to make up 27% of the world’s container fleet

• …accounting for 62% of fleet capacity

Fresh water usage of the canal

• Every passage of a vessel requires 52 million gallons of water (!)

• An average of ~36 vessels pass each day at a cost of $35,000 per ship

• In one day, 1.872 billion gallons of fresh water from Lake Gatun is used and then flushed into both the Atlantic and Pacific

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Plans for a new post‐Panamax lane

PanCanal.com

Plans for a new post‐Panamax lane

PanCanal.com

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US DOT FHA  ‐ HighwaysJWC U.S./Mexico Border Transportation Planning

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US DOT FHA  ‐ RailwaysJWC U.S./Mexico Border Transportation Planning

NASCO

North America's SuperCorridorCoalition (NASCO)

North American Inland Port Network (NAIPN) is a sub‐committee of NASCO

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CANAMEX

The CANAMEX Trade Corridor, as defined by Congress in the 1995 National Highway Systems Designation Act, is a High Priority Corridor

As the implementation of NAFTA moves toward fruition, the CANAMEX Corridor will broaden increased trade, tourism and economic activity within the region

Canadian Intelligent Super Corridor (CISCOR)