ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
East Sicily East Sicily
Paolo Favali Paolo Favali
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Western IonianWestern IonianScientific RelevanceScientific Relevance
• Geo-hazards• Oceanography• Marine Biology
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
1918-19901860-19171815-1859
1714-1814XVI - 17131454-XVI
Geo-hazardEarthquakes and Tsunamis
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Geo-hazard1169
1693
1908
1990
1818
M= 7.0
M= 5.0M= 3.0
Magnitude
INGV SeismologicalInstrumental Catalogue
1975 - 2001
Strong earthquakes 1000 – 1992
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
GeoGeo--hazardhazardEarthquake max intensity map
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
TsunamisTsunamis in in SicilySicily22 22 eventsevents (33% of the total (33% of the total italianitalian tsunamistsunamis))
8 8 AeolianAeolian IslandsIslands
2 2 SicilySicily ChannelChannel4 4 NorthernNorthern SicilySicily
19081908
2 Messina Strait2 Messina Strait6 6 EasternEastern SicilySicily
1169 1169 -- 16931693
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Sharp topographic gradient: The Malta Escarpment
Geo-hazardslandslides
ETNA volcano
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
OceanographyOceanography
• Western Ionian involved in water mass exchange with Tyrrhenian basin
• Relevant site for the exchange of water masses between Eastern and Western Mediterranean
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Marine BiologyMarine Biology• Key area for studying the seasonal movements of
whales and sperm whales within the Mediterranean basin.
• (along with the Sicily channel and the Strait of Gibraltar) It can be considered a "whale gate" where to count animals moving among the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea.
• The area is characterized by deep waters with a steep continental shelf, potential habitat for Cuvier's beaked whales, deep divers very sensitive to anthropogenic noise.
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Coordinates: 37° 26,533’ N, 15° 23,587’ E Depth: 2105 m
SNSN--1: a GEOSTAR1: a GEOSTAR--class observatoryclass observatoryPilot experiment: Pilot experiment: OctoberOctober ’02 ’02 -- MayMay ‘03 ‘03
(>130 days; >12 Gbyte data)(>130 days; >12 Gbyte data)
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
SNSN--1 Background seismic 1 Background seismic noisenoise
DuringDuring and after Etna and after Etna eruptioneruption
BeforeBefore Etna Etna eruptioneruption
Monna et al.,GRL, 2005
low current velocity high current velocity
-140
-120
-100
-80
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
PS
D (d
B)
Frequency (Hz)
NoiseNoise in high and in high and lowlowsea sea currentcurrent velocityvelocity
(N(N--S S componentcomponent))
Infra-gravitywaves
noisenotch
Micro-seismic
band Short periodband
PressureWaves(wind)
ZZ SN1 (black) VAE (grey)
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
IonianIonian SeaSea
TyrrhenianTyrrhenian SeaSea
DeepDeep IonianIonianBasinBasin
Etna Etna
CalabriaCalabria
Malta Malta EscarpementEscarpement
SNSN--11
Sgroi et al., Geophys. J. Int. 2007Sgroi et al., Geophys. J. Int. 2007
ContributionContribution toto the seismicity the seismicity knowledgeknowledgeearthquakesearthquakes recordedrecorded onlyonly by SNby SN--11
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
NEMO-SN1 Observatory layout
Agreement between INFN (owner of the underwater cable) and INGV - 2001
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
25 25 JanuaryJanuary 2005 2005 DeploymentDeployment ofof OOƲƲDE and SN1DE and SN12060 m 2060 m w.d.w.d.
HydrophonesElectronics
CableCable--shipship Pertinacia, Pertinacia, Elettra Elettra TlcTlc..
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
OOννDE DE Ocean Ocean noisenoise Detection ExperimentDetection Experiment
OnDE was deployed on Jan 23, 2005 Cable Layer Vessel Pertinacia
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
1 sample every 12 min.
CTD
2HzThree-axes single-point current meter
1 sample every 10 min.
Scalar magnetometer1 HzGravity meter
96 KHzHydrophones (bio-acoustics)
100 HzHydrophone (geophysics)
100HzThree-component broad-band seismometer
Sampling rateSensor
NEMONEMO--SN1 sensorsSN1 sensors
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Map of epicentres of regional and local earthquakes localised by the land seismological network and SN1 data jointly.
SN1 geophysical and oceanographic station
Seismological data 2005-2006
blue circles ≤ M 2, 2 < green circles ≤ M 3, 3 < yellow circles ≤ M 4, 4< red circles
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
Greece, 28.08.2007
M = 4.3
Java 08.08.2007
M = 7.4
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
The OnDE station (2005The OnDE station (2005--2006)2006)((INFNINFN--UnivUniv. Pavia). Pavia)
Daily acoustic contacts with sperm whales in the period September-December 2005. NEMO Project shows a unexpected high passage of sperm whales.
% of slots with sperm whale sounds per day
Study of the underwater acoustic environment to develop the strategies required for the detection of acoustic pulses generated by high energy neutrinos interacting with nuclei in seawater.
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
ArticArticNorwegian Margin Norwegian Margin
PorcupinePorcupine
AzorreAzorreBlack SeaBlack Sea
HellenicHellenic
Ligurian SeaLigurian Sea
HyberianHyberian MarginMargin Eastern SicilyEastern Sicily
Nordic SeaNordic Sea
10 Key-sites
European Seafloor Observatory European Seafloor Observatory NETwork NETwork
GOALS: Geohazards Global change Biodiversity
ESONETESONETEC Concerted Action (2002EC Concerted Action (2002--2004)2004)
EC Network of Excellence (2007EC Network of Excellence (2007--2011)2011)
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
NEMO-SN1 Observatory layout
DecDec. 2006. 2006
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
PEGASO ProjectPEGASO ProjectINGV and INFN partners
Funded by “REGIONE SICILIANA” (2006 -2008)
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES: : A) To develop seafloor modules for
environmental and geo-hazard monitoring
B) To build an hybrid underwater system for the deployment, recovery and connection of complex mechanical deep-sea structures
PEGASO
PROSPECTIVESPROSPECTIVES
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
PEGASO ProjectPEGASO Project
GMMGMM
ORIONORION--44
Develop a set of small-size seafloor ‘portable’ modules for specific environmental and geo-hazard monitoring equipped with various communication systems
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
PEGASO ProjectPEGASO Project
DeepDeep--sea Shuttlesea Shuttlemainmain characteristicscharacteristics
Cable length: 4000 mMax. operating depth: 3500 mMax. payload: 30 kN
DeepDeep--sea Shuttle sea Shuttle operationsoperations
Deployment and recovery of underwater modules (e.g., SN-1 type, junction boxes, NEMO towers)
PEGASO
Tender on-going
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
ROVROVmainmain characteristicscharacteristics
Umbilical Cable length (> 150 m)
Max. operating depth: 4000 m
ROV operationsROV operations
Inspection, carrying payloadand connection/disconnection of underwater connectors
PEGASO ProjectPEGASO Project PEGASO
Tender assigned
ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session
• INFN has undertaken the preparatory phase for the realisation of an infrastructure at the Capo Passero site dedicated to the installation of the km-cube-telescope: 100 km cable down to 3500 m w.d., (deployed July 2007) a shore station
• Thanks to the PEGASO system development, the NEMO-SN1 site will increase its capabilities to be an “open laboratory”, cabled node of ESONET-EMSO
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