Dynamic Solid State Lightingby
Matthew Aldrich
B.S., Electrical EngineeringYale University, 2004
Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences,School of Architecture and Planning,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of,
Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
June 2010
c© Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2010. All rights reserved.
Author
Program in Media Arts and SciencesMay 7, 2010
Certified by
Joseph A. ParadisoAssociate Professor
Program in Media Arts and SciencesThesis Supervisor
Accepted by
Pattie MaesAssociate Academic Head
Program in Media Arts and Sciences
2
Dynamic Solid State Lighting
by
Matthew Aldrich
Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences,School of Architecture and Planning,
on May 7, 2010, in partial fulfillment of therequirements for the degree of,
Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences
Abstract
Energy conservation concerns will mandate near-future environments to regulate themselves toaccommodate occupants’ objectives and best tend to their comfort while minimizing energy con-sumption. Accordingly, smart energy management will be a needed and motivating application areaof evolving Cyber-Physical Systems, as user state, behavior and context are measured, inferred, andleveraged across a variety of domains, environments, sensors, and actuators to dynamically miti-gate energy usage while attaining implicit and explicit user goals. In this work, the focus in on theefficient control of a LED-based lighting network.
This thesis presents a first-of-its-kind pentachromatic LED-based lighting network that is ca-pable of adjusting its spectral output in response to ambient conditions and the user’s preferences.The control of the intensity is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem and the mathemat-ics governing sensed illuminance, color, and corresponding control (feedback and adjustment) areformally defined. The prototype adjustable light source is capable of maintaining an average colorrendering index greater than 92 (nearly the quality of daylight) across a broad adjustable range(2800 K - 10,000 K) and offers two modes of control, one of which is an energy efficient mode thatreduces the total power consumption by 20%. The lighting network is capable of measuring theilluminance and color temperature at a surface and adjusting its output with an overall update rateof 11 Hz (limited by the MATLAB kernel). The sensor node features an optical suite of sensors witha dynamic range of 10000 : 1 lx (rms error: 2 lx). The sensor node measures the color temperatureof daylight within ±500K (kelvin). Device testing and validation were performed in a series of ex-periments in which the radiant power was collected using a radiometrically calibrated spectrometerwith an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 14% and validated against a model derived by measuringthe individual spectra of the system using custom MATLAB tools. A digital multimeter measuredthe current in the experiments. The work concludes by estimating the energy savings based on themeasured optical and electrical data. In environments with moderate ambient lighting, the net-worked control reduces power consumption by 44% with an additional 5-10% possible with spectraloptimization.
Thesis Supervisor: Joseph A. ParadisoTitle: Associate Professor, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
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4
Dynamic Solid State Lighting
by
Matthew Aldrich
The following people served as readers for this thesis:
Thesis Reader
William J. MitchellProfessor
Program in Media Arts and Sciences
Thesis Reader
Ramesh RaskarAssociate Professor
Program in Media Arts and Sciences
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Acknowledgments
There are many people and organizations to which I owe thanks and credit. To Joe Paradiso,for the opportunity to join the greatest research group at the Media Lab and second, for histime and guidance on helping me carve out this research area; my readers, Bill Mitchell andRamesh Raskar, for their support, patience, and flexibility; to Media Lab sponsors Philips-Color Kinetics and Schneider Electric for their pledges of support; to the Color Kineticsstaff in Burlington, whose generous donation of lighting equipment facilitated the creationof the first lighting testbed; in particular, Jeff Cassis at CK for his written support of theresearch and Jim Anderson, Paul Kennedy, John Warwick and Tracey Estabrook at CK;Phil London at Schneider for his written support; thanks to Peter Rombult for working onour grants; the Responsive Environments Group; Alex Reben, Mat Laibowitz, and GershonDublon for their help in the machine shop; Nan Wei Gong for Cargonet; to Mike Lapinski,Bo Morgan, and Clemens Satzger for the trips to Peoples’; to Nan Zhao for her work on theCK system; Laurel Pardue for her virtuosic musicianship; Mark Feldmeier for constructingthe first half of the building of the future; Spinner; and the ResEnv Country Tyme Band.
I owe a great deal of thanks to Dr. Peter Kindlmann, whose advice and guidance Ihave always counted on; Jack Rains, Jr. at Renaissance Lighting; for the opportunity towork directly in the design, manufacture, and research of solid state lighting; also, MikeGarbus and Steve Lyons who always provide sound engineering advice; credit goes to MaroSciacchitano and Josh Tor for their mechanical engineering prowess and the design of theintegrating sphere and heatsink; to Lisa Lieberson and Amna Carreiro for supporting theResponsive Environments Group, saying yes to overnight shipping, and for keeping the grouprunning smoothly.
This work is supported by funding from the MIT Media Laboratory.
I want to thank my family and Becky Davis for their love and support over the years.
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Contents
Abstract 3
Acknowledgements 7
Contents 9
List of Figures 12
List of Tables 13
1 Introduction 141.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.2 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 Dynamic Lighting 172.1 Feedback-Controlled Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 The Promise of Solid State Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3 White Light using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4 Dynamic Solid State Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 System Modeling 253.1 Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Estimating the Illuminance From a Point Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Room Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Sensing Changes to Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Color Temperature and Color Rendering Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Dynamic Efficacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Formal Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Size and Scaling of the Search Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2 Linear Methods of Controlling the Spectral Power Distribution . . . . . . . . 32Exact Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Overdetermined Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
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3.3 Proposed Method of Control: Direct Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Pattern Based Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Algorithm Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4 Lighting Network Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Control by Optimization Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5 Sensor Feedback in a Lighting Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Physical Implementation 404.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.2 Sensor Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.3 LED Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.4 LED Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5 Observations 495.1 Experiment Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.2 LED Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Observing the Inverse Square Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Linearity and Superposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Experiment #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Experiment #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.3 Theoretical Limits of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Predicted Results using Monte Carlo Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Predicted Results using Linear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Predicted Results using Direct Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4 Measured Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Linear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Direct Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.5 Sensor Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.6 Estimating the Ambient Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6 Analysis 686.1 Sources of Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Measurement Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Spectrometer Induced Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Error in Linearity Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.2 Performance of the Sensor Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706.3 Performance of Control Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.4 Comparison to Commercial Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.5 Energy Saving Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
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7 Conclusions 827.1 Overview of Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
A Expanded Results 85
B Hardware Design 90B.1 LED Controller Hardware Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90B.2 LED Controller PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95B.3 LED Controller Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100B.4 Sensor Node Hardware Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103B.5 Sensor Node PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108B.6 Sensor Node Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113B.7 LED Ring Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116B.8 LED Ring PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
C Firmware 123
D Radiometric Traceability 124
Bibliography 142
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List of Figures
2.1 Levels of Abstraction in Lighting Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1 Lighting Control Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1 Network Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.2 Sensor Node and LED Controller Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.3 LED Circuit Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.4 LED Heatsink and Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.2 Distance Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.3 LED Linearity Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.4 Superposition of White Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.5 Measured LED Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.6 Superposition of Irradiance and Effects of Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.7 Contour Plot of Five Wavelength Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.8 Contour Plot of Three Wavelength Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.9 Plot of Collected Lighting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.10 Dynamic Range of Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.11 Dynamic Range of Digital Color Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.1 Results of Removing Temperature Dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.2 Results of Digital Color Sensor Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736.3 Results of Measured Optical Parameters and Efficacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756.4 Results of Lux and Whitepoint Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766.5 Office Illuminance Profile and Adaptive Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
A.1 Predicted Spectral Response Using Linear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86A.2 Measured Spectral Response For Linear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87A.3 Predicted Spectral Response Using Nonlinear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88A.4 Measured Spectral Response for Nonlinear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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List of Tables
4.1 Bandwidth and Resolution of Irradiance Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.2 Dominant Wavelength and Flux of LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.1 Comparison of LED Array Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.2 Predicted Results Using Linear Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.3 Predicted Results Using Nonlinear Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.4 Nonlinear Solver Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.5 Measured Linear Method Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.6 Measured Nonlinear Method Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.7 Room Calibration Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.1 Estimated Flux and Efficacy of Prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
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Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Motivation
We have the unique ability to modify and adapt to our surroundings, and for better orworse, shape our environment as we see fit. We live at a time where personal comfort isonly a switch, lever, or button press away. When there is not enough light, we flip a switch.When it is too hot or too cold, we immediately adjust the thermostat. As long as the lightis on or the room is cold, we are happy and for many of us, the problem ends the momentwe are gratified. What reason do we have to consider energy efficiency if our immediategoal is met? We are at the point where the word “green” hardly refers to a color anymore.What we read, watch, eat, and enjoy now comes with some reassurance that we are makingthe world better for ourselves and for our children. Yet it is not just the choices we make asconsumers that reflects our acute sensitivity to the color green. Being “green” means thatwe modify our behavior; we remember to turn off the lights, or shut down the A/C beforeleaving the house or office.
But, sometimes we forget. We create technology that attempts to minimize these mis-takes. We have programmable HVAC controllers and motion controlled lighting. We intro-duce new lighting technologies, such as compact florescent lighting (CFL) that are energyefficient, yet contain mercury and produce a low quality of light. Since the adoption ofincandescent technology, the benefits of adopting a more energy efficient light source hasbeen undermined by some implicit sacrifice in quality or control.
We have all had some experience in which the outcome of choosing the more energyefficient option fell short of our expectations. As consumers, we have become wary of greentechnologies. Instead, we prefer the solution that is immediate and attainable within ourown financial limits. We are conscious of solutions that contain the word “automatic” andaptly so, the weak automation found in modern lighting and HVAC technologies has leftthe building manager, the employees, and consumers confused. Why did this turn off?How do I program this? So we ignore these options. We leave the lights on and we turnthermostats to 50 F when we want to cool down quickly. We control the built environment
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1.2. Contributions
using mechanisms that are inherently “deaf and mute” [22]. The disparity between “this iswhat I want” and “this is what I get” has led to inefficient control over utilities and errorladen user control. Adding feedback is one way we attempt to balance efficient operationand the user’s comfort.
In the academic community, the organization, feedback, control, and deployment ofthese types of distributed utility systems is a growing area of research, especially in theareas of sensor network utility control. In a broader sense, these intelligent systems areknown as cyber-physical systems (CPS) [34, 63]. In this thesis, the author argues thatthe system presented in this work embodies the very foundations of cyber-physical systemsthat actively monitor and regulate building utilities. Through the use of sensor networksand advanced control methodologies, the underpinnings of cyber-physical infrastructure arerealized: we move beyond reactive control, reduce human-in-loop error, and dynamicallyadjust and respond to changing physical and environmental conditions.
The goals of this thesis are two-fold. The primary goal is to thoroughly model, build,and test an intelligent lighting network capable of on-the-fly adjustments from both the userand the environment. No assumptions, other than a simple room calibration and a modelof the system, are required for run-time controlled optimization of the lighting parameters.The end result is a system capable of tuning its spectral output to not only achieve thecorrect intensity and color, but also selectively use less energy or maximize the quality oflight without user intervention.
In doing so, this work satisfies a second goal. While the efficacy of both active andphosphor based emitters will certainly improve, until we can modulate the band gap orreconfigure the LED phosphors on the fly, we will most likely turn to the control of multiplewavelengths to create precise and high quality light. The methods presented in this thesiscertainly apply to the control of a single fixture, but are general enough to apply to thecontrol of an entire network.
The next steps in utility management begin with the integration of these sensor richcyber-physical systems with hybrid lighting systems, but the approach must remain tech-nology agnostic. The less assumptions made about the operating environment, the better.For if the lighting network is to be truly transparent, then it must handle both the least andgreatest perturbation about its equilibrium with as little human intervention as possible.
1.2 Contributions
This thesis presents a first-of-its-kind pentachromatic LED-based lighting network that ad-justs its spectral output in response to environmental stimuli and the user’s preferences. Inthis work, the control of the wavelengths is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problemand to the best of the author’s knowledge, represents the first known published account ofusing this approach. This work extends previous research regarding sensor enabled lightcontrol, in that solid state lighting is considered to be the primary means of illumination.
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1.2. Contributions
Consequently, the lighting network can dynamically optimize the light output for greaterefficiency or higher color quality depending on the measured ambient conditions. Whereasprevious research considered one linear parameter, intensity, we extend the control methodsto highly nonlinear photometric and color criteria that directly govern energy consumptionand visual quality. Additionally, we incorporate the ambient color temperature as a feed-back parameter and describe the performance of this method. In thoroughly presenting newmethods, insights, and approaches regarding the design and control of an intelligent lightingnetwork, a foothold in the area of sensor enabled utility management is established. In sum-mary, this thesis provides the foundation for future research in the areas of efficient lightingcontrol, dynamic utility regulation, persuasive energy, and human computer interaction.
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Chapter Two
Dynamic Lighting
In this work, dynamic lighting is considered to be the control and feedback of a light sourceor group of light sources whose output directly reflects the measured ambient and user sup-plied operating conditions. In a larger context, the research of dynamic lighting draws fromseveral academic fields of study: applied optics and photonics, feedback and control systems,numerical optimization, electronics design, and human computer interaction. Dynamic light-ing is best labeled as a subset of research in the broad field of sensor network enabled utilitymanagement and control. In turn, these systems, intended to minimize wasted energy, re-duce human-in-loop error, and remain transparent to the user, represent a specific researcharea of cyber-physical systems (CPS) for intelligent utility management. This emerging fieldencapsulates any system that incorporates feedback and knowledge models of the environ-ment and user. In general, the goal of these intelligent systems is maximizing the utilityafforded by multiple networked subsystems whose augmented performance is derived frommeasuring or inferring the user’s needs and the present state of the operating environment.
2.1 Feedback-Controlled Lighting
Intelligent systems that compensate for varying optical and electrical properties, temper-ature stability, and the temporal variation of intensity in LEDs are crucial to achievingefficient and long lasting lighting. These systems have been identified as critical researchareas by the U.S. Department of Energy [45]. A typical solid-state lamp consists of fourmain components, each affecting the overall system efficiency. The driver is responsiblefor controlling the brightness of the LEDs. The LED package affects the efficiency of theLED device. The thermal efficiency refers to the loss of intensity due to thermal heatingof the LEDs, board, and electronics. Finally, the fixture optics sets the light loss due toinefficiencies or nonidealality in the reflector or secondary optics.
Increased interest from both academia and industry has led to numerous publicationsand research concerning efficient and optimal systems to drive LEDs. Van der Broek et al.[76] provide an overview of these topologies. LED intensity is controlled using either linear
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2.1. Feedback-Controlled Lighting
current drivers or pulse width modulation (PWM). Green and blue LEDs shift towardslonger wavelengths, while red and yellow LEDs shift towards shorter wavelengths at lowerjunction temperatures. Therefore, PWM is the generally accepted method to control theintensity because current is held constant during the pulse and die temperature stability isimproved. Recently, Garcia et al. [23] published results on the overall effect of current andPWM fundamental frequency on the total luminous flux of systems.
As early is 2002, Muthu et al. incorporated optical and temperature feedback into thedriver architecture, allowing for compensation of optical, electrical and thermal variations ofthe system [42, 41]. Subsequent research evaluated the use of neural networks to maintainaccurate chromaticity [6] and explored optical feedback using three or more unique LEDwavelengths [41, 3]. However, in this work, a very simple (and ineffective) method of con-trolling the light output is presented for systems comprised of more than three wavelengths.This is achieved by fixing the ratio of intensity at one wavelength to another at the costof saturated colors and a decreased color gamut. This does not guarantee the best colorrendering index for a given white point.
Dynamic and adaptive lighting enabled by environmental sensors offers additional en-ergy savings. Early work by Crisp and Hunt in the 1970s focused on estimating internalilluminance from artificial and external light sources in order to reduce unnecessary lightingand excess energy expenditure [16, 28, 17, 29, 18]. This early work discussed the use ofphotosensors to monitor the natural daylight in the office place. As early as 1978, Crisp [17]was already considering repurposing the light switch, inspired by the affordances offered bytheir rudimentary incorporation of daylight harvesting. With the availability of low costlux sensors (perhaps more importantly, silicon improvements to reign in device variance)and an influx of low cost embedded devices, this simple form of intensity feedback was ex-tended to networks of fixed color incandescent and fluorescent lights. Most relevant is thework by Singhvi et al. [64], in which the group designed and tested closed loop algorithmsto maximize energy efficiency while meeting user lighting requirements in an incandescentlighting network. Park et al. [49] developed a lighting system to create high quality stagelighting to satisfy user profiles. Wen et al. [78] researched fuzzy decision making in lightingcontrol networks and Bayesian inference. Machado and Mendes [38] tested automatic lightcontrol using neural networks, as did Mozer in a pioneering study from 1992 [40], wherelight switches and thermostats in his house only provided reinforcement for a neural net-work that, also utilizing motion sensors, built a user activity model to automatically controlutilities.
In industry, Philips Lighting Research has investigated interactive lighting as well, yetthe sophistication of these systems is limited by cost and consumer interest. Recently,Philips Lighting (Sluis et al. [66]) produced a lighting demo in which a single device canadjust its output to match the color of a particular object. This device is not designedfor white lighting applications or networked control. Instead, its purpose is to enhance thechromaticity of merchandise on display at a retail location. The closest example to the
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2.2. The Promise of Solid State Lighting
proposed work is Philip’s “Dynamic Lighting” suite of products [51]. Their basic conceptrevolves around a preprogrammed schedule of color temperature and lighting intensity tomimic a typical daylight cycle on Earth. However, the restrictions are rigid: the systemfeatures no feedback, requires programming, and offers only two color temperatures. Withthese shortcomings, it leaves plenty of open space for advances into this burgeoning field ofinteractive solid-state lighting control.
2.2 The Promise of Solid State Lighting
Each year, 915 TWh of energy powers incandescent and fluorescent technology in the US.This accounts for 79% of the total lighting energy consumption [45]. By comparing theluminous efficacy (the ratio of luminous flux to the input electric power) of incandescent,fluorescent, and LED technologies, it is clear that white LEDs have great potential to reduceenergy consumption and enhance the built environment. The potential savings in energyand reduction of environmental pollution by adopting solid state lighting (SSL) technologyis also well studied. Bergh et al. [12] provided early technical discussions of the economicbenefits of using LEDs for illumination. In a highly regarded paper concerning the futureuse of LEDs for illumination, Schubert et al. [61] provided a detailed study of how varyingadoption rates of solid state lighting reduced greenhouse gases, crude oil consumption, andincreased financial savings. The results of this study, known as the "5.5% and 11% scenarios"state that a 40% and 80% market penetration of solid state lighting technology in the UnitedStates would save $22.89 billion to $45.78 billion, depending on the adoption rate. Theelectrical energy used for lighting is decreased by 25% and 50% respectively. In the US,this translates into yearly savings of 12 million to 24 million barrels of oil and reductionof carbon emissions by 133 Mt to 267 Mt per year. Carbon dioxide emissions have alsobeen studied in [11] which highlights the adoption of solid state lighting an an attractivealternative to carbon capture and sequestration. Subsequent research focused on analyzingthe high initial cost of adopting solid state lighting. The US Department of Energy estimatesthe initial cost of an LED incandescent equivalent to be 560 times that of a traditionalincandescent [45]. While the initial cost is quite high, other methods of determining thetrue cost of the technology exist. The life-cycle cost or "cost of light" is another metric thattakes into account the operational lifetimes, labor cost, and energy usage. This is definedas dollars per kilolumen-hours ($/klm-hr). Azevedo, Morgan, and Morgan [11] provide adetailed analysis of both the initial cost and levelized annual cost of solid state lighting. Inaddition, their estimated economic, energy, and carbon emission savings are consistent withSchubert et al. The analysis concludes that rational consumers will find it cost effective toreplace incandescent and fluorescent lighting by 2010, and that solid state lighting will becompetitive with conventional lighting before 2015 [11, 21].
The principal focus of current LED research is on improving the maximum efficacyof phosphor based LEDs (white LEDs). At present, near-ultraviolet pumped phosphors
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2.3. White Light using LEDs
remain the most efficient way to create white light. Yet, these devices, like their activeemitter counterparts, have their tradeoffs. In this research, a hybrid active and phosphorbased system is employed to create a color-adjustable, high quality white light source.
2.3 White Light using LEDs
Although initial cost impedes market penetration, solid state lighting presents new possi-bilities in terms of controlling the brightness, the spectral composition, and color renderingproperties of white light (the ability of an artificial light source to "render" the true colorsof an object) [61, 60, 59]. Although cost is important, the color rendering quality of thelight is known to be an important factor [72]. Indeed, the slow adoption of compact flu-orescent has, in part, been directly attributed to the fluorescent technology’s lower colorrendering ability and quality of light [26, 4, 58, 24]. LED-based lighting systems allow fordynamic and automatic modulation of these parameters to enhance the built environmentand provide additional energy savings [72, 77, 65]. An artificial white light source is judgedby two quantitative metrics, its Correlated Color Temperature or CCT (the temperaturein kelvin of an equivalent black body radiator) and its Color Rendering Index (CRI) [79].Warmer (red) colors have a lower color temperature and cooler (green and blue) colors havea higher color temperature. The CRI is a unitless measurement of how well an artificialilluminant renders the color of an object versus a perfect reference illuminant, where thereference CRI typically has a value of 100. Guo and Houser [25] review the application ofCRI for measurement of light sources. Davis and Ohno [20, 47] at the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST) in the US are researching an improved color renderingmetric.
Boynton reviews the history and current status of research on color spaces derived fromhuman perception [14]. The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) approvedseveral color chromaticity spaces for mathematically representing colorimetric data. TheCIE 1931 XYZ color space is a common example (see Wyszecki and Stiles [79], pg. 137).This two dimensional space is based on a set of "color matching functions" that collectivelysum to unity. The outermost locus represents saturated primary colors and pure white lightfalls in the center of the space. The Plankian locus is added for a blackbody reference andthe vertical bars represent the correlated color temperature.
The optimal method to create white light using LEDs is still an open question, andwhile several strategies exist, there are tradeoffs between efficacy and color rendering ability[61]. White light can be created using either multiple current-injected emitters or by noncurrent-injected phosphor wavelength converters. The overall efficacy and color renderingability are determined by the LEDs selected. The spectral power of the system, defined bythe narrowband emission of the LEDs, determines the color rendering ability of the lightsource. Fewer unique wavelengths result in lower color rendering ability yet the efficacy ofthe source is often greater.
20
2.3. White Light using LEDs
Common approaches using active emitters include dichromatic (blue and yellow), tri-chomatic (red, green, blue), and tetrachromatic (red, green, blue and cyan or yellow) sources.These systems have been studied by Narendran et al. [43], Zukauskas et al. [81], Schubertand Kim [60], Stanikunas et al. [67], Lei et al. [35], Zukauskas et al. [82]. In this work theauthors report namely on the effects of dominant wavelength, correlated color temperature,and resulting color rendering index. Lei et al., uses a simplistic technique in the evaluationof four wavelengths and Zukauskas et al. [81] applies an exhaustive boundary search tomaximize certain optical properties of polychromatic light sources, yet does not provide anyinformation on completion time or provide any empirical results of the study. Ultimately, ineach of the papers, the authors provide the theoretical “best” combination of wavelengthsand intensities to maximize either the ratio of flux to radiant energy, or to maximize thecolor rendering index for a given color temperature. It is quite easy to stochastically deter-mine the right mixture of wavelengths using a Gaussian-based model of LED irradiance oncethe functions to measure the color rendering index and color temperature are programmed.
The problem is that these techniques do not correspond with the ranges of dominantwavelengths provided by the manufactures, nor do they take into account the variancein intensity and dominant wavelength across a particular bin of LEDs; in essence, theconclusions of these papers restrict the applicability of the results to either highly specializedconfigurations or particular laboratory and operating environments. While performing asensitivity analysis is one way to at least understand these effects, a better approach is toremain flexible from the the start, specifically, to concentrate on adaptive techniques thatrequire no assumptions of the system. For example, in [35], assumptions of the ratio of amberto red were made in order to resolve the system to three equations and three unknowns. Afixed ratio of these wavelengths to imposes harsh constraints on the range of achieveableCRI. The best ratio is nonlinear in the sense that the dominant wavelengths of all the LEDs,the desired color temperature, and required intensity must be taken into account. One finalconcern is the length of time required to find the appropriate solution. For example, in thisresearch, Monte Carlo simulations required up to eight hours to terminate. These techniquesdo not provide the run-time affordances required to control a solid state lighting network. Bytaking into account the variance of the LEDs and other uncontrollable parameters upfront(i.e., a method of control that requires no assumptions), we free ourselves from heuristicbased assumptions about the wavelengths and required intensity of the LEDs.
A different approach uses white LEDs of a fixed color temperature to achieve the illumi-nation goal. These devices do not require careful thought and control like active emitters,however there are other tradeoffs, which in turn, make active emitters a better option forcolor-adjustable lighting. White LEDs consist of an active emitter, primarily blue or nearultra violet and a down-converting phosphor. The first phosphor used in white LEDs ab-sorbed blue light and emitted yellow light typically between 5500 K and 6500 K [52, 33, 80].These devices provided adequate efficiency but low CRI. More recently, devices have utilizeda blue LED with a yellow and red phosphor. These resulted in warmer white LEDs with
21
2.4. Dynamic Solid State Lighting
improved CRI. However, the phosphor conversion always leads to an energy loss due tothe Stokes shift between absorption and emission. Scattering loss, or reflectance back ontothe chip or walls of the package also reduces efficiency. Stevenson [68] provides a recentoverview (2009) of Auger recombination (droop) and why LEDs become less efficient withincreased current. Present day efficacy and CRI for cool and warm white LEDs (not in afixture) are 101 lm/W and 70 (5500 K) and 72 lm/W and 90 (3300 K), respectively [45].Inversely, active emitter designs offer a lower efficacy, closer to 40 lm/W to 50 lm/W (dueto quantum efficiency and droop see Krames et al. [33]) but in some cases a higher colorrendering index. In this research, we present a state of the art light source capable of coloradjustable white points with an average color rendering index greater than 92.
There are practical limits to system performance. Burmen et al. [15] describe four ma-jor factors affecting the quality of LEDs: The initial variability of optical and electricalproperties, their temperature and electrical dependence, and temporal degradation withcorresponding variability. Initial optical and electrical properties such as luminous flux,chromaticity, and forward voltage can vary due to imperfections in the manufacturing pro-cess. Manufacturers typically "bin" LEDs to sub-classify the yield based on these threeproperties. However, higher flux bins add additional system cost. Within a particular bin,wavelength tolerance can adversely effect system performance. Lei et al. [35] reported thatred primaries of shorter wavelengths negatively affect CRI and that blue wavelength shiftsaffect the chromaticity. At the device level, the emission power, peak wavelength, and spec-tral width of LEDs vary with temperature. The luminous flux of low gap devices (red LEDs)decreases as the junction temperature rises, resulting in chromaticity and CRI shifts as thejunction temperature rises. To compensate in trichromatic and tetrachromatic systems, redLEDs are added, reducing efficacy and increasing cost. Finally, the temporal degradationof LEDs, even those within the same bin, can be different. Over time, this causes spatialcolor and intensity imhomogeneities in LED array light sources [15].
Blue and ultra violet pumped phosphor devices exhibit their own unique set of problems.Increases in junction temperature cause intensity degradation, however this effect is lessprominent in the high current region of the diode [15]. Narendran et al. studied the long termheating effects of white LEDs to properly evaluate their useful life and found that heatingof junction in white LEDs caused the yellowing of epoxy surrounding the die, resulting inchromaticity shift [43, 44]. Trevisanello et al. [75] also studied degration of white LEDs anddetermined that excessive heat at the junction led to a decrease in phosphor conversion.
2.4 Dynamic Solid State Lighting
While the optimal control of lighting networks has been researched in the past, it hasbeen done using traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescent and fluorescent). Thechallenges of efficient and optimal control of LED based lighting requires moving awayfrom the strictly linear techniques presented in [64, 78]. Although the goals of the user
22
2.4. Dynamic Solid State Lighting
may be satisfactorily represented as linear inequality constraints, the greatest challengeimposed by adopting LEDs is accounting for LED variance, temperature dependence, andthe difficulties of controlling a network comprised of a large number of variables (i.e., thenumber of wavelengths to be controlled). The control problem is further complicated byissues of optical sensor variance, occlusion of the sensor, and network update rates (e.g.,estimating dark lighting levels, polling sensor nodes, and preprocessing the data). To theuser, minimal control is required, as the lighting network must be capable of energy efficientoperation without the direct intervention and constant adjustment by the user. In previousresearch, the use of commercially available sensor nodes imposed limited flexibility andcontrol of these systems. Fixed resolution and no guarantees of timing or update rates wereamong the greatest problems faced by researchers who favored a top down approach.
Furthermore, as reported in [78], future systems should examine lighting conditions basedon tasks or inferred context – in cases where this fails or is inadequate, it is suggested thatmanual override or a user interface be incorporated into the control. In this research, weleverage multiple domains of expertise to design a custom lighting platform and novel sensornetwork to bridge the gap between ubiquitous sensing, user interfaces, and run-time control.Clearly, this is an ambitious undertaking, but doing so opens the opportunity to exploreideas and concepts unobtainable by previous research. For example, the system does notrequire fixed sensor positions, but in fact can dynamically recalibrate. Furthermore, weincorporate color measurements, color control, and closed loop LED control into our designusing polychromatic lighting.
In doing so, we embody the underpinnings of an intelligent system conscious of its outputand capable of reacting and interacting with dynamic environmental and human phenom-ena. By developing our tools and hardware from the ground up, we can begin to researchthe difficult challenges of cyber-physical systems: namely, the transparent integration ofubiquitous sensing and run-time control affordances needed to make these systems trulytransparent. This research is the first of many steps. In this embodiment, there is a prin-cipal focus on discovering and applying new methods of control and feedback in a lightingnetwork. Accordingly, the proposed techniques are mathematical and the intended purposeis to demonstrate their effectiveness by drawing conclusions from the physical measurements(e.g., energy, response speed, optical parameters). The natural progression is to greater lev-els of abstraction , where more emphasis is placed on interaction and true run-time control(see Figure 2.1). But first, at the lowest level, are the concepts, methods, and hardware thatcreate the foothold for these more complex systems, and it is these topics that are exploredin this thesis.
23
2.4. Dynamic Solid State Lighting
(a)
(b)
Figure 2.1: First-phase interactive testbeds to control illumination with diverse light sourcesexploiting mobile incident sensor/interfaces (a) and wearable first-person sensor/interfaces(b).
24
Chapter Three
System Modeling
In this chapter, we describe the control problem of estimating the illuminance from multiplelight fixtures in the presence of ambient light. We formally define the control problem as anoptimization and define the objective function subject to linear inequality constraints. Wereview existing linear methods of spectral control and propose a new method, direct search,to efficiently control the spectral output of an arbitrary number of wavelengths in a systemcomprised of an arbitrary number of light fixtures.
3.1 Problem Definition
In this section, a new method to control the spectral output of system comprised of anarbitrary number of light fixtures and wavelengths is presented. Setting the intensity andcolor of the lighting network is stated as an optimization problem, whereby the feasible setof solutions is determined by an objective function that either maximizes CRI or minimizesthe power consumption. The illuminance (Ev) is treated as an linear inequality constraint.
Estimating the Illuminance From a Point Source
First, consider a dark room in which there are n artificial light sources where each light sourceconsists of m wavelengths and j and i are indexing variables of the set j ∈ Z : 1 ≤ j ≤ nand i ∈ Z : 1 ≤ i ≤ m. If we consider the light source as a spherical point source, then forevery ith wavelength in each jth fixture there is a maximum luminous intensity designated,Iij . This is measured as candelas (lm · sr−1). In the presumed linear system, the intensity ofany ith wavelength in fixture j with corresponding maximum intensity Iij is set by columnvector x of dimesion 1 ×m where x ∈ Rm : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Therefore, the total candelas offixture j is the sum
∑xijIij where 1 ≤ i ≤ m. Formally defined, the intensity Iv for the
entire system of n lights is:
25
3.1. Problem Definition
Iv =n∑j=1
m∑i=1
xijIv,ij . (3.1)
If this luminous intensity is measured by some receiver at a distance d from the light cone,the receiver is said to measure to incident light on a plane perpendicular to the light cone.This intensity is formally known as illuminance (Ev) and is measured in lux (lm ·m−2) (see[79], pp. 265,266). Assuming this light is a point source, we can take advantage of the factthat illuminance decreases at a rate inversely proportional to the square of distance, suchthat:
Ev ∝Ivd2 , (3.2)
where d is the distance between the point source and apex of the solid angle. Using Eq. 3.2,we can calculate the distance between the light source and the receiver. In theory, we arealways assured to have sufficient knowledge of the light sources such that Iv for any lightsource is known and that Iv remains unchanged throughout the operational lifetime of thesource. We can then estimate the total Ev at the receiver from all the light sources:
Ev =n∑j=1
kj Iv,j , (3.3)
where k is a scaling factor found in a calibration step such that k = Ev/Iv. A complete wayof representing this relationship is:
Ev =n∑j=1
m∑i=1
kjxij Iv,ij . (3.4)
In this case, kj is measured for every individual light source in the room. Additionally,for a receiver rotated at some angle θ (the oblique angle of incidence) to the plane, theilluminance at the receiver is given as:
Ev,θ = Ivd2 cos(θ). (3.5)
It should be pointed out that prior knowledge of the intensity of the point source is notdirectly needed to measure the illuminance. The equations above describe the physical lawsof how a generic receiver measures illuminance. Such equations are useful when modelingthe linear inequality constraints. In the actual operation of the system, the illuminanceis measured directly using the sensor node. In turn, these values are used to solve theinequality Ax ≤ b. Therefore, only a calibration step (in which the percentage of lux fromeach light source and ambient light is measured) is required satisfy the inequality constraint.
In this linear system, for any given setpoint xij with maximum intensity Iv,ij , there isa corresponding maximum current, Ip,ij (C · s−1) calculated by multiplying the maximummeasured current by the setpoint xi for all 1 ≤ i ≤ m, where m is the total number of
26
3.1. Problem Definition
wavelengths in the system. The subscript p is used to differentiate the equations from theluminous intensity and current. Using superposition, the total power consumed by a singlelight fixture is given by:
P = Vin
m∑i=1
xiIp,i. (3.6)
The development of Eqs. 3.1, 3.3 and 3.6 made use of several important assumptions.First, the system was presumed to be linear. This implies that the relationship betweensetpoint x and measured lux current draw is linear. Empirical results are used to establishthis criterion can be found in Chapter 5. At this point we have established the physicalrelationship between the operational setpoint of a light fixture, the corresponding powerconsumption, and the perceived illuminance of an optical sensor placed in the room. For theremainder of Chapter 3 we refine Eqs. 3.1 and 3.3, introduce additional lighting parametersTc and Ra (i.e., Correlated Color Temperature and the Color Rendering Index), and imposeconstraints on the values of x.
Room Calibration
In Eq. 3.5, it was assumed that Ev was measured without additional light. In order to mea-sure Ev (the lux measured by the optical sensor) reliably, several calibration measurementsare required for the n fixtures present in the room. First, a dark measurement must betaken. This measurement, denoted Edark, captures the present lighting conditions in theroom (e.g., sunlight, incandescent, or fluorescent sources). Second, the scaling factor kj for1 ≤ j ≤ n must be measured for all the n light sources in the room. In order to derive the Evcontributed by the n fixtures, we simply choose a set point x for each of the n fixtures andsubtract Edark for each of the measurements. Once the dark measurements are obtained,the true contribution of each of the n sources can be estimated as long as the optical sensordoes not move or the Edark does not change.
Sensing Changes to Operating Environment
In reality, the dark measurements performed by node are not static, but change over timein response to daylight, other light sources being turned on and off, shadows, and occlusion.Additionally, the distance between the receiver and the source may change as well. Thesensor node can be moved, lifted, or carried as it measures the lux in the room. Theonly requirement is that the sensor node remain stationary during calibration. Given thisdynamic behavior, it is necessary that the sensor board employ some type of mechanism orintelligence to sense changes to the operating environment.
27
3.1. Problem Definition
Color Temperature and Color Rendering Index
If the lighting network in Eq. 3.1 is comprised of LEDs of different wavelengths, then thecolor rendering index (Ra) and correlated color temperature (Tc) of the system can becontrolled as well.
The color rendering index (CRI) is a unitless measurement of how an artificial lightsource represents that of a perfect illuminant (i.e., daylight) where the reference CRI istypically 100. Any incandescent system, or more generally, any black body radiator, emitstemperature-dependent visible energy and has spectral density (ueλ) given by Planck’s for-mula:
ueλ = 8πhcλ−5(ehc/kTλ − 1)−1 (J · m−3) (3.7)
where c is the velocity of light, h is the Planck constant, k is the Boltzmann constant, andT is the temperature in kelvin. Additionally, we can reconstruct the relative spectral energyof daylight using a set of equations derived from the first two eigenvectors of empiricallymeasured daylight (achieved using Principal Component Analysis, see Wyszecki and Stiles[79] pp. 143-147). These models represent ideal sources of radiant energy and serve as thereference illuminant in the calculation of Ra (we quantitatively compare an ideal source andthe source we wish to characterize).
The temperature, measured in kelvin is used to classify the color of an artificial lightsource. Warmer (red) colors have a lower color temperature and cooler (green and blue)colors have higher color temperature. By manipulating the intensity of the system’s indi-vidual wavelengths Ra and Tc can be tuned perfectly for the given application. The directcalculation of the quantities is a complicated procedure and is not treated formally here.However the formulas, uniform color spaces, and other colorimetric calculations are foundin [79]. For this discussion, we treat the calculation of these parameters as a black box,whose result depends on the intensity of the wavelengths.
Revisiting the problem detailed in Sec. 3.1, we introduce two new parameters to control,Ra and Tc. A single fixture consisting of m wavelengths, whose individual wavelengths aredenoted λi where i ∈ Z : 1 ≤ i ≤ m also has a CRI that is function of the m wavelengthsweighted by setpoint, xi. That is,
Ra = f(x1Iv,1, x2Iv,2 . . . , xmIv,m) , (3.8)
and has a corresponding color temperature denoted as
Tc = f(x1Iv,1, x2Iv,2 . . . , xmIv,m). (3.9)
It should also be noted that white light (of a fixed Tc) can be created using just twowavelengths and that the greater number of wavelengths in a system, the higher the CRI.This is intuitive; as more energy is spread throughout a larger visible range, a closer ap-proximation of sunlight can be achieved than concentrating a larger amount of energy in
28
3.1. Problem Definition
a smaller visible range. Consequently, systems creating white light using only two wave-lengths have a lower CRI than systems employing many wavelengths. For an arbitrary colortemperature Tc, increasing the CRI requires that we spread the radiant energy out over alarger visible range.
In a system comprised of more than three wavelengths, arriving at the optimal setpointfor a given Tc is a difficult problem and has no unique solution. This limitation arises becauseof how we mathematically model color vision. The basis for all colorimetric computationstarts with the assumption that most humans are trichromats (unfortunately some aredichromats, and some even monochromats) and that we perceive color as a weighted sum ofthree variables over a visible range of 380 nm− 780nm. As an analogy, this can be thoughtof as an additive red, green, and blue system.
The problem arises when we try to decipher the color of a light source that is no longera mixture of three wavelengths but of four, five, six, etc. Biologically, this presents noproblems to us, yet mathematically, there is no exact solution. How is this dealt with?In the past, researchers fixed the setpoint of the fourth wavelength (typically an ambercolor) to ratio of another wavelength (typically red) [3, 42, 41]. In this case, a set of linearequations are solved for and the set point of the red, green, blue, and amber is determined(see Sec. 3.2). However, as will be shown in Chapter 5 this method actually leads to loweroverall CRI values. The situation arises because the color temperature of a system can beexpressed linearly, yet the optimal CRI for that particular color temperature is nonlinear.
Dynamic Efficacy
The optimization of the number of wavelengths used in the system is referred to in thiswork as dynamic efficacy. It is the method of selecting the optimal number of wavelengthsrequired to satisfy the lighting condition. For a light fixture n, given Tc and Ev, there existsa group of setpoints x that minimizes the total radiant energy, hence, the electrical energyof the lighting system. Conversely, for the same Tc and Ev, there exists another group ofsetpoints x′ that maximizes the color rendering index, requiring more radiant energy, hencemore electrical energy is needed.
Let us consider a simple example for two light sources A and B to illustrate thesepoints. Light source A is dichromatic and light source B is pentachromatic. This meansA is comprised of two dominant wavelengths and B is also comprised of these same twodominant wavelengths and three other wavelengths. Both light sources are set such theyhave the same color temperature, Tc(A) = Tc(B), and at some distance d have the sameilluminance Ev(A) = Ev(B). Which light source has the greater CRI? According to thelogic above, light source B will have a greater CRI. But which light source is more efficient?Or to rephrase the question: which light requires the least amount of radiant energy to havethe equivalent illuminance?
First, radiant energy measured on a plane some distance d from a point source is known
29
3.1. Problem Definition
as irradiance. Irradiance has the symbol Ee and the units (W ·m−2) and it too, for a pointsource, obeys the inverse square law. It is analogous to the illuminance calculation in Eq. 3.2,except it describes the electromagnetic power incident on a surface.
Illuminance is calculated using irradiance by integrating Ee and V (λ), the photopicefficiency function. This efficiency function is a relative measurement and is dimensionless.The results of integrating Ee and V (λ) are scaled by Km, an empirically derived luminousefficacy function (lm ·m−1), which has a peak sensitivity at 555nm (Wyszecki and Stiles).Formally, this is written as:
Ev = Km
ˆλ
EeV (λ)dλ. (3.10)
The important conclusion here is that different amounts of radiant energy at different wave-lengths result in different amounts of visible energy. We can now answer the question posedat the beginning of this section. If the two dominant wavelengths in light source A requireless radiant energy to produce the same illuminance as light source B for a given Tc, thenlight source A is more efficient, that is, it has a higher efficacy.
In the previous example, we considered a system of fixed illuminance and fixed colortemperature. Using LEDs as a light source not only enables the illuminance at a pointof interest to be adjusted, but also the ability to dynamically optimize the number ofwavelengths required to satisfy the lighting goals. These lighting goals might be driven by auser’s preferences of illuminance, color, energy efficiency, or color rendering index. We nowproceed to formally describe these goals.
Formal Problem Definition
Consider n artificial light sources, where each light source consists of m wavelengths, wherethe ith wavelength is designated λi, the jth light source designated Lj and i and j areindexing variables of the set i ∈ Z : 1 ≤ i ≤ m and j ∈ Z : 1 ≤ j ≤ n. If we considerthe light source as a spherical point source, then for every λi in Lj there is a maximumilluminance designated Eij incident on a plane at some distance d from the point source.In the presumed linear system, the intensity of any single wavelength λi in light source Ljwith corresponding maximum intensity Iv,ij , a corresponding Tc, and a corresponding Ra,is set by x where x ∈ Rmn : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.
The optimal setpoint x has the form:
minx∈Ω
f(x)
where f : Ω ⊂ Rmn → ∪∞ and Ω is set of feasible points subject to linear or nonlinearconstraints. The function f does not have a closed form and is non-differentiable. Becausethere is no direct form of f , an optimization algorithm is required that is driven accordingto the results of f (see Sec. 3.3).
30
3.1. Problem Definition
We define f to be an scaled objective function to minimize square error with z repre-senting our minimization goal:
minx∈Ω
f(x) =
(Tc−Tc(x)
Tc
)2+ ∆uv(Tc)2 +
(∑n
j=1Vin,j
∑m
i=1xijIp,ij∑n
j=1Vin,j
∑m
i=1Ip,ij
)2
for z = 0(Tc−Tc(x)
Tc
)2+ ∆uv(Tc)2 −
(Ra(x)100
)2for z 6= 0
(3.11)
subject to linear inequality constraints
n∑j=1
m∑i=1
kjxij Iv,ij ≥ Edesired − Edark, (3.12)
n∑j=1
m∑i=1
kjxij Iv,ij ≤ Edesired − Edark + β(Edesired − Edark), (3.13)
where
kj = Ev,j − EdarkIv,j
. (3.14)
As stated earlier, the left hand side of Eq. 3.12 and Eq. 3.13 can be replaced with theilluminance data directly measured by the sensor node and appropriately weighted by itscontribution relative to the total measured lux. In completeness, the full formulation, con-sistent with Sec. 3.1 is given. The term Edesired describes the total lux required at the pointof measurement. The dual inequality constraints (rather than a single linear equality con-straint) are required to reduce the sensitivity to noise, and to allow the objection functionf some flexibility as Tc, Ra, and Edesired can not be completely decoupled from each other(Principal Component Analysis could be used to show the extent of which these terms arelinearly separable).
The optimization problem can be thought of as a piecewise objective function whose goalis either minimizing energy (i.e., maximize efficacy) or maximizing the color rendering indexfor a specified color temperature, Tc. The parameter ∆uv(Tc) is an error measurement ofTc designed to ensure that the white point defined by the feasible points is a high qualityone (it is possible to create a set of Tc, as the color temperature can be described in termsof distance to the black body curve in chromaticity space). This piecewise function satisfiesthe goals of dynamic efficacy. The desired illuminance Edesired is controlled by the user(e.g., a slider).
To conclude, the feasible points found using direct search coincide with our assumptionsabout the spectral distribution of the system; the efficacy of the system is dependent on theintensity and number of wavelengths used to satisfy the lighting conditions.
31
3.2. Linear Methods of Controlling the Spectral Power Distribution
Size and Scaling of the Search Space
The feasible solution, Ω contains setpoints x where x ∈ Rmn : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, where m isthe number of wavelengths and n is number of light fixtures in the system. For example,consider a finite system with six bits of precision, then a single setpoint x could take on over10, 000, 000 different values. Hence, for one light comprised of five wavelengths, the searchspace becomes 1035. And this is only for a single fixture.
If a typical office has four light fixtures installed overhead, where each lamp containfive wavelengths, then the search grows to 10140. With each additional light fixture toconsider, the search space grows exponentially. Controlling a large workspace consistingof n = 25 fixtures is practically out of the question, unless we employ an algorithm thatefficiently narrows the search in a short amount of time. Still, future systems will benefitfrom some sort of localization to infer which light fixtures are closest to the optical sensornode measuring the illuminance. To keep the dimensionality of the search space low, multiplenodes must be installed in large deployments.
Yet there are simpler solutions that may also yield reasonably accurate results. Themicrocontroller (8, 16, or 32 bit) controlling the intensity of each wavelength in a lightsource has a finite resolution many times smaller than that of the machines performing theglobal search. Consider a system in which the setpoint x, where x ∈ Zmn : 0 ≤ x ≤ 2p−1,and p = 16. Again with m = 5 and n = 1, then there are (216 − 1)5 ≈ 1024 solutions. Byconsidering just unsigned 16-bit integers, our search space shrinks by 11 orders of magnitude.Similarly, if p = 8, m = 5, and n = 1, there are now just 1012 solutions. This approximationof the search space makes run-time substrates possible at the cost of system resolution.
3.2 Linear Methods of Controlling the Spectral PowerDistribution
Traditional methods of color control assume a linear relationship between the setpoint andthe output. These techniques often formulate the problem as a linear mixture of red, green,and blue components, whose tristimulus values were measured in a previous calibration step.
In these problems, the exact solution is found by solving the linear equality Ax = bfor x. However, the system could also be formulated with more equations than unknowns,hence x is overdetermined and no exact solution exists. In this case, a common techniqueuses the pseudoinverse to minimize the sum-squared error between Ax and b, resulting inan exact minimum square error solution if A is non-singular. As will be shown in Chapter 5,these methods allow the correct color temperature to be found, but often have a low colorrendering index.
While these approaches work well to calibrate most optical sensors (e.g., those in scan-ners, cameras, etc.), they are not necessarily optimal for lighting. They fail because thislinear approach does not take into account the nonlinearity of calculating the color rendering
32
3.2. Linear Methods of Controlling the Spectral Power Distribution
index. In this case, the only real benefit of these methods is the relatively low computationalcomplexity to obtain an answer.
Exact Solutions
Most often, we are interested in the relationship between a setpoint and the resulting color.If the lighting system is comprised of three wavelengths, say red, green, and blue, thenthe relationship is of the form Ax = b. In this case A is a 3-by-3 matrix comprised oftristimulus values from the measured system
Xr Xg Xb
Yr Yg Yb
Zr Zg Zb
Rset 0 0
0 Gset 00 0 Bset
−1
R
G
B
=
X
Y
Z
, (3.15)
where x is the setpoint for controlling the intensity of the RGB system. Intensity valuesRset, Gset, and Bset represent the intensity setting used at the time when the tristimulusvalues were measured, most often scaled to one. Solving Eq. 3.15 yields XrRset XgGset XbBset
YrRset YgGset YbBset
ZrRset ZgGset ZbBset
−1 X
Y
Z
=
R
G
B
. (3.16)
Using Eq. 3.16, we can specify the desired tristimulus value. Quite often, this tristimulusvalue is derived from the two-dimensional chromaticity coordinate of the desired correlatedcolor temperature.
It is common to normalize the white point of matrix A such that the sum of the Ytristimulus sum to 100. In this case, every element in matrix A is multiplied by a scalingfactor c, where
c = 100Yr + Yg + Yb
. (3.17)
This centers the fixture’s whitepoint such that Y = 100. The solution x is of the setx ∈ Rn : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. If x is outside of this set, then it represents a point in spaceunachievable with the current configuration.
If we add a fourth wavelength to the system, a simple approach is fix the ratio of thisfourth wavelength to its closest color. For example, if we add an amber color, we makeamber a fixed ratio, α, of the red setpoint. In this example, the solution is Xr(λ1) +Xr(λ2) Xg Xb
Yr(λ1) + Yr(λ2) Yg Yb
Zr(λ1) + Zr(λ2) Zg Zb
−1 X
Y
Z
=
R
G
B
, (3.18)
33
3.2. Linear Methods of Controlling the Spectral Power Distribution
where R
A
G
B
=
R
αR
G
B
. (3.19)
Similarly, we can do the same for five wavelength system. However, these are naivetechniques, which constrain the radiant energy to a linear system in which the output coloris the only concern. This problematic approach is only slightly mitigated by removing thisfixed ratio, and minimizing the sum-squared error.
Overdetermined Systems
If we consider a linear system of the form Ax = b that contains four wavelengths than wecan rewrite matrix A as a 3-by-4 system. However, A is now rectangular and has moreequations than unknowns, x is overdetermined, and, no exact solution exists. But, we couldseek a solution of x that minimizes the sum-squared error between Ax and b , such asJs(x) = ‖Ax− b‖2. In this classical problem, the norm has a closed form solution, and wesolve for the Jacobian by taking the derivative of Js(x) and setting the solution to equal tozero. Solving this leads to the pseudoinverse:
x = (AA)−1ATb
= A†b. (3.20)
Using the four wavelength example to illustrate a red, amber, green, and blue system:
R
A
G
B
=
Xr Xa Xg Xb
Yr Ya Yg Yb
Zr Za Zg Zb
S1 0 . . . 00 S2 . . . 0...
.... . .
...0 0 . . . S4
−1
† X
Y
Z
, (3.21)
where the 3-by-4 tristimulus matrix is measured with some intensity setting denoted hereas Si, where i corresponds to the specific wavelength, with a typical intensity such thatsolution x is of the set x ∈ Rn : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 where the dimension of the space is n, thenumber of wavelengths.
Using this method, we are guaranteed that for any Tc, a minimum square error solutionexists. Therefore, in contrast to the method in Eq. 3.18, we are no longer tasked with findingthe ratio α such that we minimize error for any arbitrary Tc.
The use of this method, which is a improvement over the ratio-based technique is nearlynon-existent in literature regarding spectral control of LEDs.
34
3.3. Proposed Method of Control: Direct Search
3.3 Proposed Method of Control: Direct Search
Here we consider an entirely new approach for solving the optimal setpoint in a system com-posed of an arbitrary number of wavelengths. The key insight here is that linear models areefficient (for the most part) at accurately controlling the intensity for a specified correlatedtemperature, yet this solution, due to the nonlinear nature of calculating the color renderingindex, leads to a chromatically accurate white light with a low color rendering index. Thisis not desireable.
The reason is that parameter Ra is the average color difference of eight different colorsamples illuminated by both the test light source and a perfect illuminant (perfect meaninga CRI of 100). Often times, a setting obtained using a linear method may have a goodscore (Ri > 80) for less than quarter of the color samples. Finding the optimal Ra meansfinding a feasible set of solutions in the search space, while at the same time meeting theilluminance constraints and desired color temperature.
In this section, we briefly introduce direct search algorithms, describe a subset of tworelatively new methods, pattern search and mesh adaptive search, and their application tosolve the problem detailed in Sec. 3.1.
Background
Direct search methods are a class of optimization algorithms that require only a numericalanswer, supplied by the iterative evaluation of the objective, that guides the search. Ingeneral, these methods are applicable to problems that lack a closed form solution, or non-convex, or discontinuous. In the words of Audet et al.,
“There is a wide spectrum of optimization methods. At one of the spectrum,there are those designed to exploit a specific known structure of the optimiza-tion problem. For example, the simplex method [19] is designed to exploit thelinearity of both the objective and constraint functions to solve large problemsefficiently. At the other end of the spectrum are methods that do not or cannotexploit any structure. This is often the case when the objective and/or the con-straints are evaluated through computer code (such as process simulator) or byan experiment...Direct search methods belong to the end of the spectrum [7].”
The first published papers on direct search appeared in the early 1960s, yet they lackedrigorous convergence analysis and were dismissed by the community for almost 30 years untilthe award winning work of Torczon [74] on the convergence of pattern search algorithms,which are a generalization of algorithms used by Hooke and Jeeves [27]. Powell [53] describesthe many forms of direct search: line search, discrete grid, simplex methods, conjugatedirection, linear approximation, quadratic approximation, and simulated annealing. Somewell known direct search methods documented by Audet et al. are: Jones et al. [31], Hooke
35
3.4. Lighting Network Control
and Jeeves [27], Rosenbrock [56], and Nelder and Mead [46]. Kolda, Lewis, and Torczon [32]also provide a historical and technical review of these methods.
Pattern Based Algorithms
The generalized pattern search algorithm described in [74] proves the convergence of aniterative algorithm most analogous to the classic “compass search.” In this work, Torczonestablished global convergence, that is, subsequent iterates (i.e., progressively decreasingthe objective function) that guaranteed first order convergence and hence proved the al-gorithm’s optimality. Recently (2006), the mesh adaptive direct search algorithm (MADS)published in [10, 9] extends the work of Torczon, but calculates the search points at random.Both methods allow for both linear and nonlinear constraints and bounds, however the al-gorithms perform exceedingly well in unconstrained cases. The algorithms are implementedin MATLAB as part of the Global Optimization Toolbox [71].
Algorithm Description
Both pattern search and the mesh adaptive algorithm are iterative algorithms that evaluatea mesh centered around the current point. A mesh is formed by the multiplication ofthe current point with a set of vectors called a pattern. Typically these patterns are of themaximum basis 2n or minimum basis n+1, where n is the total number of dimensions in thesearch space. The size of mesh, mesh size, is used along with the pattern and incumbentsolution in a poll step, where the new points in the mesh are tested to see if they aresmaller than the present solution. Both algorithms have the ability to grow or shrink thesize of mesh such that the search can expand and contract based upon the results of theuser-supplied evaluation function. With each incumbent solution, the algorithm shrinks themesh, and when the mesh size decreases beyond a threshold, the algorithm terminates. Ofcourse, there are many more details that are omitted in this discussion. These are found in[74, 37, 36, 1, 10, 8, 2].
3.4 Lighting Network Control
In order to evaluate the methods of spectral control and test the closed loop control of thelighting network (detailed in Secs. 3.1 and 3.2) a custom toolbox was written in MATLAB.The spectrometer processing and optimization toolbox (SPOT) is a collection of functionsthat calculate and evaluate illuminance, color temperature, color rendering, and the newcolor quality scale (CQS) [20]. These functions were used in the evaluation and control oflighting parameters in this work. It is planned to release this package to the communityunder open source license.
36
3.4. Lighting Network Control
1. Measurement (once per lamp)
a) Perform a calibrated radiometric measurement for each of the wavelengths in thesystem to obtain the spectral power distribution, Ee or Pe. Measure system qui-escent current, (Iq) and the maximum forward current (Iλ) for each wavelength.
2. Calibration
a) Perform room calibration. Measure Edark and Ev for an arbitrary set point forall the controllable fixtures in the area and calculate the contribution of eachlight source at the sensor node. (Sec. 3.1).
3. Calculate Optimal Setpoint
a) Specify an objective function (Eq. 3.11) and select what parameter will be max-imized (CRI or Efficacy), then specify a target color temperature Tc and desiredilluminance Edesired. The objective function operates using a model of the systemusing the spectral data acquired in step 1.
b) Obtain results and set light fixtures.
4. Update
a) Continuously monitor for changes in intensity or color temperature at the sensornode or requests for recalibration.i. If Edesired or Tc change but the sensor node is not displaced go back to
step ??.ii. If sensor node is displaced or recalibration is requested, go back to step 2.
Figure 3.1: The lighting control algorithm.
Control by Optimization Workflow
The control problem is summarized in Fig. 3.1. The process begins with step 1. Controllingthe spectral output of a single or group of light fixtures requires a one time step of measuringeither the radiant flux with symbol Pe (W), which requires the use of an integrating sphere,or the irradiance Ee (W ·m−2) and distance of the measurement, the latter of which is usedin this work. Additionally, in this step, the voltage, quiescent current Ip,q, and maximumcurrent Ip, for each wavelength are also recorded. Step 2 is the calibration step. Here,the Edark of the room is measured, as well as the individual illuminance of each of thefixtures measured by the sensor node. In step 3, the direct search algorithm is called usingthe information in collected in steps 1 and 2 with additional information about what tomaximize. Finally, in step 4, the system continuously monitors for changes and returns toeither step 2 or step 3, depending on what happened.
37
3.5. Sensor Feedback in a Lighting Network
3.5 Sensor Feedback in a Lighting Network
If a sensor was introduced that measures color, for example, red, green, and blue, thenEq. 3.22 can be written to include the color sensor information. Assuming a calibrationstep is taken where the intensity of the system is set to maximum, we omit writing thesetpoint matrix and define the problem as:
Xr Xg Xb
Yr Yg Yb
Zr Zg Zb
Rr Rg Rb
Gr Gg Gb
Br Bg Bb
−1
Rs
Gs
Bs
=
X
Y
Z
, (3.22)
where the vector of interest is found by the red, green, and blue measurements from thecolor sensor. In this case, the solution is of the form A−1b = x, where b represents thetristimulus values of the desired color and x the corresponding sensor values. Thus, theexpected sensor values can be obtained by first performing a calibration step where thefixture is set to a maximum intensity and the corresponding trimstimulus and sensor valuesare recorded for later computation. Once these values are obtained, closed loop operation ismaintained by comparing the expected color sensors values to the measured sensor values.Typically a proportional, integral and derivative (PID) type controller is used to minimizeerror between the setpoint and measured values [3, 5].
If the system is comprised of more than three wavelengths, then the color levels can beapproximated using a similar channel such as red for amber, or blue for cyan, at the costof decreased responsivity (this sacrifice in dynamic range reduces the ability to converge onparticular solutions). This could be augmented by using additional sensors and placing atinted filter over the array to reject wavelengths not in the desired bandpass. For example,using a five wavelength system, we pose to color-feedback and control as:
Rs
As
Gs
Cs
Bs
=
Xr Xa Xg Xc Xb
Yr Ya Yg Yc Yb
Zr Za Zg Zc Zb
S−1
† X
Y
Z
, (3.23)
where S is a square matrix containing the color sensor readings for the five channels eachmeasured for a particular wavelength,
S =
Rr Ra Rg Rc Rb
Ar Aa Ag Ac Ab
Gr Ga Gg Gc Gb
Cr Ca Cg Cc Cb
Br Ba Bg Bc Bb
. (3.24)
38
3.5. Sensor Feedback in a Lighting Network
The results of Equations 3.22 and 3.23 produce a result that is the sum of the sensorreadings for every channel. This means that the solution cannot be used to explicitly setthe intensity of each channel. If we take into account the sensitivity of a single wavelengthto the other wavelengths, then assuming there is no wavelength shift, we can decouple thesystem. Using Equation 3.23 as an example, we extend the results of [5] to five wavelengthsand compute the sensitivity matrix as
Γ =
1 Ra/Aa Rg/Gg Rc/Cc Rb/Bb
Ra/Rr 1 Ag/Gg Ac/Cc Ab/Bb
Rg/Rr Ga/Aa 1 Gc/Cc Gb/Bb
Rc/Rr Ca/Aa Cg/Gg 1 Cb/Bb
Rb/Rr Ba/Aa Bg/Gg Bc/Cc 1
, (3.25)
and solve Ax = b for x, that is,
Γ−1
Rs
As
Gs
Cs
Bs
=
Rs
As
Gs
Cs
Bs
. (3.26)
The decoupled sensor readings can now be used to directly set the intensity of the individualchannels.
39
Chapter Four
Physical Implementation
The hardware, firmware, and software developed in this research phase aims to break newground in the control of energy efficient lighting networks by researching and implementinghighly configurable light sources and determining the proper feedback sent from the sensornetwork. In this chapter, we present a novel pentachromatic lighting and control system totest the theory defined in Chapter 3.
4.1 Requirements
The ideal system is comprised of a sensor node, daylight, incandescent, fluorescent, and LEDtechnologies. The sensor node measures the intensity and color temperature of all sourcesand sends the data to a controller (in this research, a computer). The controller processesthese data and, taking into account the user’s preferences, sets the lighting to the optimalconditions (Figure 4.1 on page 41). This method can be extended for multiple controlnodes. However, with some adaptation, the enhanced processors utilized in both the sensorand lighting controllers can perform most of the lookup routines and some floating pointcalculations. Additionally, an embedded processor (i.e., ARM 9, Atom, or OMAP) runningan operating system could perform the same optimization algorithms as the computer.
To solve the problem outlined in Section 3.1, we designed a prototype LED lightingsystem and sensor board. The intensity of the LED fixture is controlled using pulse widthmodulation (PWM). This requirement is crucial, since much of the theory requires that thepower and intensity relationship of the light fixture be linear. A digital signal processor(DSP) with microcontroller-type peripherals controls the intensity, monitors onboard LEDoperating temperature, intensity and color, and has a bidirectional data link to the computer.The sensor node measures intensity and color. These data allow the controller to estimatethe illuminance and correlated color temperature of each light source. The sensor node alsofeatures basic controls for the user (e.g., intensity and color control), and detects occupancy.The LED array is comprised of five dominant wavelengths; four of the LEDs are activeemitters and and one is a phosphor based device. This enables a wide range of possible
40
4.1. Requirements
Intensity Data Link
Optional Sources
LEDLighting
SensorNode Controller
Figure 4.1: System diagram. The lighting network consists of LED light sources, optionalincandescent and fluorescent sources, and ambient room conditions (daylight), that aremeasured by a single or group of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes return intensity and colorinformation back to the control node (e.g., a computer) for processing. Here, the intensityis controlled via a link to the artificial light sources. The data link is bidirectional fromeither the sensor node or the LEDs.
41
4.2. Sensor Node
color temperatures and serves a second purpose – the broad spectral range ensures anexceptionally high color rendering index.
4.2 Sensor Node
The sensor node is controlled by a TMS320F28027 controller from Texas Instruments andis comprised of multiple sensors. The device detects occupancy via a passive infrared sensor(AMN11111, Panasonic), as well as measures the illuminance and color of incident light(Table 4.1 on page 43). The sensor also features a basic user interface, realized using linearpotentiometers and buttons. These serve to specify the intensity and color temperature ofthe adjustable light sources.
Measuring the illuminance is achieved using three analog linear illuminance sensors(ISL29006, Intersil) with different sensitivities and one digital sensor (TCS3414CS, Taos).The analog sensors are sampled by the system at 30Khz using a 12 bit successive approx-imation converter. Oversampling of the sensors is user configurable (up to 256×). Two ofthe sensors are filtered using a second order unity gain low pass with a cut off frequency of50Hz which ensures illuminance data is accurately measured when fixture intensity is lessthan 100% (the circuit integrates the duty cycle of the LEDs). The integration time (e.g.,update rate) of the digital color sensor is a function of an internal timer which controls theacquisition time of the digital color sensor. This is nominally set to 120Hz. The digitalcolor sensor measures the irradiance of a photodiode array consisting of red, green, blue,and clear filters. Figure 4.2a on page 44 is an image of the prototype sensor node. Theprototype is on two layer 1.65mm (0.065 in) thick circuit board and measures 178×119mm(7 × 4.7 in). Near-future modifications include drastically reducing board size, adding anaccelerometer, and reducing power consumption.
4.3 LED Controller
A TMS320F28027 from Texas Instruments runs custom firmware to control the LEDs andread the sensors. The system requires the use of a 24V supply and is powered by a laptoppower supply rated at 24V, 2.2A. Five BuckPlus DC-DC buck converters from LEDdynam-ics drive the LEDs. The intensity is controlled by five independent 16-bit PWM signalswith a fundamental frequency nominally set at 120Hz. A single pixel digital color sensor(TCS3414CS, Taos) samples the LED array from within the fixture in certain cases, andupdates color data at 20Hz. This is useful for closed loop control of color at the fixture. Op-tionally, an internal linear analog lux sensor (ISL29006, Intersil) is also sampled at 30Khz.These sensors are used for closed loop control of the LEDs. Full duplex communicationis handled by the system’s asynchronous receiver and is interfaced using either a wired orwireless link. Measuring the on-board color sensor requires precise timing. The integrationof the color sensor is controlled via hardware, which is synchronized to the LED fundamental
42
4.3. LED Controller
Sensor
Typ
eOutpu
tBan
dwidth
Ran
geADC
Resolution
mlx
/mV
a
ISL2
9006
,Intersil
analog
,linear
50Hz(externa
lfilte
r)20
00lux
21260
6mlx/m
VISL2
9006
,Intersil
analog
,linear
600Hz(nofilter)
b20
00lux
21260
6mlx/m
VISL2
9006
,Intersil
analog
,linear
50Hz(externa
lfilte
r)10
000lux
21230
30mlx/m
VTCS3
414C
S,Ta
osdigital(I2C),lin
ear
50Hz(in
ternal
filter)
5000
lux
21615
15mlx/m
V
Table4.1:
Illum
inan
cesensor
tableforthesensor
node
inSe
ction4.2.
The
samplingfreque
ncyof
thean
alog
sensorsis
30kH
z.The
samplingfrequency(in
tegrationtim
e)of
thedigitalsensorisc
ontrolledby
thesensor
node
.It
isno
minally
sett
o12
0Hz,
with
varia
ble
oversamplingsetat
2×(upto
10×).
a (Vrefh−Vrefl
)=
3.3V
b Based
onman
ufacturerda
taat
1000
lux.
43
4.3. LED Controller
(a) Sensor Node.
(b) LED Control Board.
Figure 4.2: The prototype sensing and control hardware used in the experiments.
44
4.4. LED Array
frequency. This ensures color measurement precision. Figure 4.2b on page 44 is an imageof the prototype controller with its input protection circuitry removed. The prototype is ona two layer 1.65mm (0.065 in) thick circuit board and measures 178× 119mm (7× 4.7 in).This board can also be reduced in size.
4.4 LED Array
The primary LED array used in this research consists of five unique wavelengths, four ofwhich are active emitters and one that is phosphor-converted (Table 4.2 on page 46). The fivecolors employed are royal blue, cyan, green, phosphor-converted amber, and red. Selecting aphosphor-converted amber allows for a higher efficiency. The intensity of the red, orange, andamber wavelengths (AlGaInP compounds) are quite temperature sensitive. The efficiencyof the device (i.e., conversion of electrons to photons) decreases in these compounds withshorter wavelengths. This is an unfortunate phenomenon, as our eye’s sensitivity peaksat 555 nm. The blue, cyan, and green wavelengths (InGaN) compounds do not exhibitthe same temperature dependence as the AlGaInP devices, however they too suffer fromdecreased quantum efficiency near our eye’s peak sensitivity. Krames et al. [33] detail therecent breakthroughs in high efficiency optoelectronics and discuss the status and futureof these devices for lighting applications. Moreover, the phosphor-converted (PC) amberuses an ultra-violet pumped blue LED to excite the organic phosphor which, re-radiates atlonger wavelengths. This fixes the problem of systems with decreasing efficiency utilizingwavelengths in the neighborhood of 580nm. The LED array also has on board temperaturesensors (to estimate LED junction temperature) and can measure, using filters, the red,green, blue, and clear values of the irradiance using a TCS3414 color sensor (Table 4.1 onpage 43). Figure 4.3 shows the actual array used in the research.
Informally, using discrete emitters creates a light source in which there is no scatteringof the discrete wavelengths. This leads to “fringing” on the outer edge of light incident toa surface. This effect is not desireable, as it produces individual shadows cast by the LEDsnear the edges of the light field. Ramer et al. [55] and Rains et al. [54] utilize constructiveinterference to reduce these effects. This technique requires the use of a reflective anddiffuse hemisphere to scatter the photons before they emerge from the LED array aperture.However, this improvement comes at significant cost, as scattering loss lowers the totalcandelas of the lamp. In this research, this technique is tested and presented in Chapter 5but ultimately, a direct view method (i.e., the LED array is facing downwards) is selectedfor efficiency. Figure 4.4 on page 48 shows the dome mounted on the LED array, which inturn is mounted to aluminum heatsink.
45
4.4. LED Array
Color
Dom
inan
tWavelen
gth
FW
HM
alm
/W
bLum
iledPart
Royal
Blue
440n
m-4
60nm
30nm
350m
W/W
cLX
ML-PR
01-035
0Cyan
490n
m-5
20nm
30nm
70lm
/WLX
ML-PE
01-007
0Green
520n
m-5
50nm
24nm
70lm
/WLX
ML-PM
01-007
0Ambe
r(P
hospho
r)58
7.8n
m-5
95.4nm
80nm
70lm
/WLX
M2-PL
01-000
0Red
620.5n
m-6
45nm
20nm
40lm
/WLX
ML-PD
01-004
0
Table4.2:
Descriptio
nof
thecolor,
dominan
twavelen
gth,
fullwidth
halfmax
imum
,efficacy
andfullpa
rtnu
mbe
rof
theLE
Dsused
totest
thesystem
.a F
ullW
idth
HalfM
axim
um(F
WHM)d
escribes
theba
ndwidth
ofthespectral
output.Itisrelatedto
thestan
dard
deviation(σ)o
faGau
ssiandistribu
tion
such
that:FW
HM
=2√
2ln
2σ.
b forwardcurrentis
350mA
c pub
lishedas
radiom
etricpo
wer
(mW
)
46
4.4. LED Array
(a) LED Ring comprised of Luxeon Rebel emitters
(b) Close up of LED array
Figure 4.3: The LED ring comprised of five wavelengths with on-board color and tempera-ture sensors (mounted on a concentric heat sink).
47
4.4. LED Array
(a) Rendering of dome and heatsink [62, 73].
(b) LED array with dome mounted and heatsink.
Figure 4.4: Interference dome mounted on the LED array with aluminum heatsink. Theinterference technique is adapted from [55, 54].
48
Chapter Five
Observations
The experimental results are presented in this section. Where needed, theoretical predictionsare provided for comparison.
5.1 Experiment Setting
For two weeks, a “dark room” conveniently located in building E14 served as the testing areato acquire the LED spectra. The generic setup utilized an adjustable light source, a fixedsensor node (with illuminance sensors), and a cosine-corrected spectrometer head. A laptopinterfaced the electronics and stored the data using MATLAB. The testing environment wasnot necessarily ideal due to reflected light (there were reflective aluminum objects in theroom) and lack of baffling, but sufficed to take the data. The wide field of view for both thesensor node and spectrometer are somewhat sensitive to reflected light from the the source.These data in the experiments were downsampled to 1 nm resolution for processing.
5.2 LED Measurement
A series of experiments to measure the linearity of the system were conducted. Theseexperiments measured absolute irradiance and the power of each channel of the system. Acosine-corrected USB4000 spectrometer radiometrically calibrated against a NIST traceableradiometric standard measured system irradiance (see Appendix D). The spectrometer dataare sampled at 0.1nm resolution and downsampled to 1.0nm for all subsequent processing.The spectrometer data were used to create a model of the light source for the computer-optimized control of the system.
Observing the Inverse Square Law
The light source (light source A) was set to maximum intensity and the distance of thelight from the from the spectrometer and sensor node was varied. The objective of this
49
5.2. LED Measurement
(a) Testing with the dome.
(b) Testing without the dome (notice fringing effects).
Figure 5.1: The makeshift “dark room” for acquiring LED spectra. In most experiments,the distance was fixed at 30 cm and the illuminance and power of the setting is measured.
50
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
experiment is to confirm the assumption that the light source acts like a point source (seeFig. 5.2).
Linearity and Superposition
Experiment #1
In this experiment, the distance was fixed at 30 cm and the intensity of the individualLEDs, as well as, the “all on point” of light source A was varied. The illuminance wasmeasured using the TCS3414 sensor (clear channel) and a HP 34401A multimeter measuredthe current. The supply voltage was 24V. The spectrometer data from this experimentwere obtained incorrectly, so a second set of experiments were conducted (Fig 5.5 is agraph of this error). The problem was determined to be an electronic dark correctionsetting on the spectrometer. In effect, this setting subtracted too much irradiance fromthe individual LED measurements such that there was a large error between the whitepointand the superposition of the individual spectra. This problem was fixed in experiment2. However, data acquired using the sensor node’s digital color sensor are still valid (seeFig 5.3 and Fig 5.4). Although the sensor does not report an absolute measurement, it stillcaptures the effects of temperature (measured in sensor counts). The measured quiescentpower consumption, Pq = 2W, is subtracted from the measurements in Fig 5.3.
Experiment #2
To revise the errors in the spectrometer data from the previous experiment, the maximumintensity for each wavelength was acquired, this time disabling the electric dark correctionand calibrating the spectrometer integration time for each wavelength. Measurements weretaken at 30 cm from the source. The experiment was conducted for both the dome and nodome versions of light A (see Fig .5.6). Additionally, the optical efficiency of the dome isgiven in Table 5.1.
5.3 Theoretical Limits of Operation
To prepare a set of test points to prove the effectiveness of the proposed direct search algo-rithm, a series of experiments were devised. First, a Monte Carlo simulation was performedusing the data taken in Sec. 5.2 to understand the relationship between these variables be-fore applying the direct search algorithm. The resulting contours highlight the difficultyencountered when randomly searching in this space, namely getting stuck in local minima.Next, the individual LED spectra acquired in Experiment #2 were used to create a modelsimilar to that in the Monte Carlo experiments. Using this model, a standard set of testpoints for comparing and contrasting the linear equality, pseudoinverse, and direct searchwith linear inequality constraints methods was created. In short, the goal was to determineif direct search was a feasible nonlinear method for controlling a single fixture.
51
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
Lux (lm ⋅ m−2
)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
101000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1000
0
Dis
tanc
e (m
)Clear Channel Sensor Counts
Illum
inan
ce v
s. D
ista
nce
Mea
sure
d Lu
xE
xpec
ted
Lux
Mea
sure
d S
enso
r C
ount
sE
xpec
ted
Sen
sor
Cou
nts
(a)A
linearplot
oftheexpe
riment.
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
Lux (lm ⋅ m−2
)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
11000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1000
0
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
Clear Channel Sensor Counts
Illum
inan
ce v
s. D
ista
nce
(log−
log
plot
)
Mea
sure
d Lu
xE
xpec
ted
Lux
Mea
sure
d S
enso
r C
ount
sE
xpec
ted
Sen
sor
Cou
nts
(b)A
log-logplot
oftheexpe
riment.
Figu
re5.2:
Luxan
dTCS3
414clearchan
nelm
easurements.The
distan
cebe
tweenthesensorsan
dlig
htsource
was
increm
entedat
10cm
stepsforatotalo
fseven
measurements.The
expe
cted
measurements,o
fthe
form
E v=
Iv d2,a
rethederiv
edfrom
thelast
data
point(the
luxan
dsensor
coun
tsat
90cm
).
52
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Pulse Width Modulation Setting (0−64000)
Cle
ar C
hann
el S
enso
r C
ount
s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
4Sensor Counts and Power vs. Intensity (Blue Channel)
Pow
er (
W)
Sensor CountsPower (W)
(a) Results for royal blue LEDs.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Pulse Width Modulation Setting (0−64000)
Cle
ar C
hann
el S
enso
r C
ount
s
Sensor Counts and Power vs. Intensity (Cyan Channel)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
4
Pow
er (
W)
Sensor CountsPower (W)
(b) Results for cyan LEDs.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Pulse Width Modulation Setting (0−64000)
Cle
ar C
hann
el S
enso
r C
ount
s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
4Sensor Counts and Power vs. Intensity (Green Channel)
Pow
er (
W)
Sensor CountsPower (W)
(c) Results for green LEDs.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Pulse Width Modulation Setting (0−64000)
Cle
ar C
hann
el S
enso
r C
ount
sSensor Counts and Power vs. Intensity (Amber Channel)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
4
Pow
er (
W)
Sensor CountsPower (W)
(d) Results for amber LEDs.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Pulse Width Modulation Setting (0−64000)
Cle
ar C
hann
el S
enso
r C
ount
s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
4
Pow
er (
W)
Sensor Counts and Power vs. Intensity (Red Channel)
Sensor CountsPower (W)
(e) Results for red LEDs.
Figure 5.3: Results of measuring each of the five wavelengths for light source A as sensedby the digital color sensor and multimeter.
53
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Pulse Width Modulation Setting (0−64000)
Cle
ar C
hann
el S
enso
r C
ount
s
Sensor Counts and Power vs. Intensity (Equal Intensity)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 104
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pow
er (
W)
Measured Equal IntensitySuperposition Equal IntensityMeasured Power (W)Superposition Power (W)
Figure 5.4: In an experiment designed to test the linearity and superposition of the individualwavelengths, all LEDs were set to the same intensity then progressively increased. Theobserved sensor counts and observed current were recorded. In this graph, the data acquiredpreviously (figure 5.3) are compared to the equal intensity test. These experiments are usefulto quantify the errors of the underlying linear assumption.
54
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
300 400 500 600 700 800−0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
olut
e Ir
radi
ance
(µW
⋅ cm
−2 )
Absolute Irradiance for Light A
Royal BlueCyanGreenAmberRed
Figure 5.5: This graph shows the individual acquired spectra from experiment #1. It waslater determined that an incorrect electronic dark setting in spectrometer led to incorrectreadings of the individual spectral components, thus these measurements were not used tocreate the model of the system. Yet, the spectra adequately depict the visible energy ofthe system. In subsequent experiments, the electronic dark setting was disabled and thespectrometer integration time was specified for each wavelength measurement.
55
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
300
400
500
600
700
800
012345678910
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Abs
olut
e Ir
radi
ance
for
Max
imum
Set
ting
Ligh
t A (
Dom
e) (
dist
ance
= 3
0cm
)
M
easu
red
Irra
dian
ceS
uper
posi
tion
of Ir
rand
ianc
e
(a)Results
ofmeasured
white
pointan
dsum
ofindividu
alwavelength
spectrawithinterference
domean
ddistan
ce=30
cm
300
400
500
600
700
800
012345678910
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Abs
olut
e Ir
radi
ance
for
Max
imum
Set
ting
Ligh
t A (
No
Dom
e) (
dist
ance
= 3
0cm
)
M
easu
red
Irra
dian
ceS
uper
posi
tion
of Ir
rand
ianc
e
(b)Results
ofmeasured
white
pointan
dsum
ofindividu
alwavelength
spectrawitho
utinterference
domean
ddistan
ce=30
cm
Figu
re5.6:
Inthisexpe
riment,thespectrom
eter
integrationtim
ewas
setfor
each
wavelen
gthto
measure
theerrorb
etweenestim
ating
awhite
pointusingsupe
rposition
.The
grap
hsalso
show
thediffe
renc
ein
radian
ten
ergy
betw
eenthesamelig
htsource
with
ado
me
andwith
out.
The
data
acqu
iredin
theseexpe
riments
areused
foralls
ubsequ
entmod
eling.
56
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
TestMetho
da
MeasuredLux
Estim
ated
Lux
b%
Differen
ceEfficacy
Dom
e55
5lux
572lux
3%30
(lux/W
)NoDom
e23
23lux
2443
lux
5%12
6(lu
x/W
)
Table5.1:
Summaryof
results
forthesecond
absolute
irrad
ianc
emeasurement.
a distance=
30cm
b Fou
ndusingthesupe
rpositionof
thefiv
ewavelengths
57
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
Dataset Mean CRI Mean lux Mean Efficacy Mean ∆uv
linear:500 lux 65 500 lux 136 (lux·W−1) 0
linear:1000 lux 65 1000 lux 136 (lux·W−1) 0
linear:1500 lux 65 1500 lux 136 (lux·W−1) 0
overdetermined:500 lux 76 500 lux 141 (lux·W−1) 0
overdetermined:1000 lux 76 1000 lux 141 (lux·W−1) 0
overdetermined:1500 lux 76 1500 lux 141 (lux·W−1) 0
Table 5.2: Summary of linear equality testpoints. Each data set is comprised of 11 whitepoints ranging from warm (2800 K) to cool white (10000 K). These datasets were generatedusing irradiance measurements with no dome at a distance of 30 cm. The measurement,mean ∆uv, is the Euclidean distance to the actual chromaticity coordinate of the colortemperature in CIE 1964 color space. In this test dataset, we supply the precise coordinatescorresponding to the color temperature and seek an exact solution of the form A−1b = x(exact) or A−†b = x (overdetermined), thus we expect that ∆uv is zero.
Predicted Results using Monte Carlo Simulations
Figure 5.7 and Figure 5.8 show the resulting contours for randomly picked setpoints basedupon the absolute irradiance experiments using the interference dome. In these graphs,the illuminance of the system is fixed at an arbitrary point and the resulting Ra is givenas a function of Tc and efficacy. In this experiment the illuminance, Ev is “constrained”by limiting which lux values are within the range we want to graph. This is analogous tothe linear inequality constaints given in Sec 3.1. In these experiments the system does notemploy dynamic efficacy. Instead based on our assumptions of the wavelengths present inthe system, two sets of simulations are performed. One set uses five wavelengths and theother set uses three wavelengths. Figures 5.7 and 5.8 are the contour plots representingpossible solutions.
Predicted Results using Linear Methods
Using the techniques discussed in Section 3.2, we proceed to generate the setpoints usinglinear methods. These setpoints correspond to 11 different color temperatures (warm tocool) for 500 lx, 1000 lx, and 1500 lx. These data were generated using both the exactsolution and pseudoinverse methods (see Figure A.1 in Appendix A for the test spectra).They are summarized in Table 5.2.
Predicted Results using Direct Search
The Global Optimization Toolbox in Matlab [71] contains the generalized pattern searchand mesh adaptive direct search optimization algorithms. As discussed Chapter 3, the Mesh
58
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)
Effi
cacy
(Lu
x ⋅ W
−1 )
Contour Plot of Color Rendering Index using 5 Wavelengths (215 Lux, 30cm)
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 1000026
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
425 Wavelength Monte Carlo Data
Col
or R
ende
ring
Inde
x0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Figure 5.7: Results of Monte Carlo simulation using five wavelengths for approximately215 lux. These results are from the irradiance data using the interference dome anddistance=30 cm. For any given color temperature, there exists plenty of local minima tomake maximizing the color rendering index a difficult problem. 1,000,000 data points weregenerated, and then filtered to ANSI white point standards and limited to approximately215 lux. The simulation took eight hours to complete on a Intel Core 2 Quad.
59
5.3. Theoretical Limits of Operation
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)
Effi
cacy
(Lu
x ⋅ W
−1 )
Contour Plot of Color Rendering Index using 3 Wavelengths (215 Lux, 30cm)
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 1000026
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
423 Wavelength Monte Carlo Data
Col
or R
ende
ring
Inde
x
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Figure 5.8: Results of Monte Carlo simulation using three wavelengths for approximately215 lux. These results are from the irradiance data using the interference dome anddistance=30 cm. For any given color temperature, there exists plenty of local minima tomake maximizing the color rendering index a difficult problem. 1,000,000 data points weregenerated, and then filtered to ANSI white point standards and limited to approximately215 lux. The simulation took seven hours to complete on a Intel Core 2 Quad.
Adaptive Direct Search algorithm generated the testpoints summarized in this section (seeSec. 3.3, as well as, [8] and [74]). Using the objective function defined in Chapter 3, theoptimal setpoints for the five wavelengths of light A were found. Six data sets were generatedfor a range of color temperatures (Figure A.3 on page 88). These are: optimized efficacyat 500 lux, optimized efficacy at 1000 lux, optimized efficacy at 1500 lux, optimized colorrendering index at 500 lux, optimized color rendering at 1000 lux, optimized color renderingat 1500 lux (see Table 5.3 on page 61). Each data set completed in just under three minutesusing an Intel Core Duo Quad. The settings used for the solver are given in Table 5.4.
60
5.4. Measured Results
Dataset Mean CRI Mean lux Mean Efficacy Mean ∆uv
Efficacy:500 lux 67 490 lux 191 (lux·W−1) 0.0472
Efficacy:1000 lux 50 923 lux 200 (lux·W−1) 0.0645
Efficacy:1500 lux 48 1416 lux 191 (lux·W−1) 0.0706
CARI:500 lux 94 500 lux 155 (lux·W−1) 0.0070
CRI:1000 lux 94 996 lux 155 (lux·W−1) 0.0076
CRI:1500 lux 93 1523 lux 157 (lux·W−1) 0.0199
Table 5.3: Summary of testpoints obtained from the nonlinear solver (MADS). Each data setis comprised of 11 white points ranging from warm (2800 K) to cool white (10000 K). Thesetests points were determined using the irradiance measurements in Sec. 5.2 with no dome at30 cm. The measurement, mean ∆uv, is the Euclidean distance to the actual chromaticitycoordinate of the color temperature in CIE 1964 color space. It is a quantitative way ofdescribing the error in chromaticity for a particular color temperature.
Setting Value
Search Step MADSpositivebasisNp1Poll Step MADSpositivebasis2N
Max Iterations 4000Complete Poll On
Complete Search On
Table 5.4: Specific settings used in the configuration MATLAB function patternsearch(),a nonlinear solver (capable of handling linear and nonlinear constraints, as well as, bounds),that is part of the Global Optimization Toolbox. Specifically, the MADS algorithm [8] wasused to obtain the direct search testpoints.
5.4 Measured Results
Here we present the measured results of of the linear and direct search test methods forsetting light fixture A, with no dome.
Linear Methods
The results of the setpoint found using linear methods is summarized in Table 5.5. Theacquired spectra are found in Figure A.2 on page 87.
61
5.5. Sensor Data
Dataset Mean CRI Mean lux Mean Efficacy Mean ∆uv
linear:500 lux 55 504 lux 130 (lux·W−1) 0.0100
linear:1000 lux 57 964 lux 126 (lux·W−1) 0.0072
linear:1500 lux 62 1358 lux 120 (lux·W−1) 0.0020
overdetermined:500 lux 67 499 lux 132 (lux·W−1) 0.0085
overdetermined:1000 lux 70 935 lux 127 (lux·W−1) 0.0047
overdetermined:1500 lux 70 1351 lux 124 (lux·W−1) 0.0029
Table 5.5: Summary of the measured results of the testing data sets. Each data set iscomprised of 11 white points ranging from warm (2800 K) to cool white (10000 K). Thesedatasets were generated using irradiance measurements with no dome at a distance of 30 cm.
Dataset Mean CRI Mean lux Mean Efficacy Mean ∆uv
Efficacy:500 lux 68 457 lux 173 (lux·W−1) 0.0429
Efficacy:1000 lux 52 827 lux 176 (lux·W−1) 0.0616
Efficacy:1500 lux 47 1264 lux 167 (lux·W−1) 0.0689
CRI:500 lux 92 490 lux 143 (lux·W−1) 0.0021
CRI:1000 lux 92 933 lux 139 (lux·W−1) 0.0047
CRI:1500 lux 90 1378 lux 138 (lux·W−1) 0.0174
Table 5.6: Summary of the measured results of the testing data sets found using the directsearch method. Each data set is comprised of 11 white points ranging from warm (2800 K)to cool white (10000 K). These datasets were generated using irradiance measurements withno dome at a distance of 30 cm.
Direct Search
The results of the setpoint found using the MADS algorithm is summarized in Table 5.6.The acquired spectra are found in Figure A.4 on page 89.
5.5 Sensor Data
For one week, a mobile cart (the same cart in Figure 5.1b on page 50) was used to collectdaylight and artificial light indoors at the Media Lab. Additionally, direct sunlight wasalso collected, but resulted in sensor saturation. The experiment was designed to collect adataset of different color temperatures and lux values used for optical calibration. Usingthese data, we calibrate a sensor node able to measure the lux and color temperature ofdaylight, incandescent, fluorescent, and LED sources (Figure 5.9 on page 63).
62
5.5. Sensor Data
4000
6000
8000
10000
2
4
6
x 104
60
70
80
90
100
Color Temperature (Kelvin)
Lighting Data Collected for Sensor Calibration
Lux (lm ⋅ m−2)
Col
or R
ende
ring
Inde
x
Interpolated SurfaceMeasured Data Points
Figure 5.9: Using a spectrometer, absolute irradiance was collected and then processed toestimate the color temperature, lux, and color rendering index of multiple light sources.
63
5.6. Estimating the Ambient Light
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000
1.6
3.2
4.8
6.4
8x 10
4
TC
S34
14 C
ount
s (M
ax 6
5535
)
Dynamic Range of Lux Sensors
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Spectrometer Calculated Lux (lm ⋅ m−2)
ISL2
9006
Cou
nts
(max
409
5)
TCS3414 Clear ChannelISL29006, 2000 luxISL29006, 6000 lux
Figure 5.10: Dynamic range of the TCS3414 and two ISL29006 optical sensors set to differentsensitivities. The TCS3414 has an on board analog to digital converter. The ISL29006 aremeasured by the on board analog to digital converter. In this experiment, the TCS3414was set to oversample 10 times (the highest sensitivity) in order to estimate the level ofilluminance required to saturate the sensor. Nominally, the range is set to approximately10, 000 lx.
The lux measured by the optical sensors (TCS3414 clear channel, and ISL29006) is givenin Figure 5.10. The corresponding color-filtered data are given in Figure 5.11.
5.6 Estimating the Ambient Light
Several tests were conducted with light source A, with no dome, mounted at 30 cm from thesensor node to study the time it takes to calibrate a single light and measure the ambientlighting (see Table 5.7 on page 67). In this study, the unfiltered analog lux sensor, set
64
5.6. Estimating the Ambient Light
02
46
8
x 10
4
01234567
x 10
4
Lux
(lm ⋅
m−
2 )
Sensor Counts (max 65535)
TC
S34
14 R
ed C
hann
el
R
ed D
ata
(a)
02
46
8
x 10
4
01234567
x 10
4
Lux
(lm ⋅
m−
2 )
Sensor Counts (max 65535)
TC
S34
14 G
reen
Cha
nnel
G
reen
Dat
a
(b)
02
46
8
x 10
4
01234567
x 10
4
Lux
(lm ⋅
m−
2 )
Sensor Counts (max 65535)
TC
S34
14 B
lue
Cha
nnel
B
lue
Dat
a
(c)
Figu
re5.11:Red
,green
,and
blue
chan
nelr
eading
sfrom
theexpe
rimentin
Figu
re5.9.
65
5.6. Estimating the Ambient Light
to a sensitivity of approximately 5000 lx, was tested. This purpose of this experimentwas to measure the total system update rate (including read and writes from MATLAB)and to choose an integration time for the digital color sensor depending on the results ofthe experiments. In each experiment, 200 data points were gathered by toggling the lightsource and querying the sensor board in MATLAB. No oversampling of the sensors wasused. Instead, these data were averaged post-experiment. In each experiment, the delayswere set such that the light source was on and off for an equal amount of time. The polltime in the table is the total period of each experiment step. Therefore, 150 ms means thelight was on for 75 ms and off for 75 ms.
66
5.6. Estimating the Ambient Light
Con
dition
Lux
Ambient
0lx
OverheadLigh
ts22
1lx
LEDs
2044
lx(a)
Test
µoff(C
ounts)
σoff(C
ounts)
µon(C
ounts)
σon(C
ounts)
µpoll(m
s)σpoll(m
s)
Ligh
tsOn15
0ms
574
1709
715
6.3
2.1
Ligh
tsOff15
0ms
03
1646
315
6.2
2.1
Ligh
tsOn90
ms
482
1706
393
.93.0
Ligh
tsOff90
ms
00
1641
393
.83.0
Ligh
tsOn(non
e)10
2582
988
583
031
.32.1
Ligh
tsOff(non
e)89
082
581
582
431
.32.1
(b)
Table5.7:
In(a),theam
bientan
dtestingcond
ition
saregiven.
The
seweremeasuredusingthespectrom
eter.The
LED
light
source
was
placed
30cm
away
from
thehead
.In
(b),themeanan
dstan
dard
deviationaregivenford
ifferentp
ollin
gfrequenciesa
nddiffe
rent
cond
ition
s.
67
Chapter Six
Analysis
6.1 Sources of Error
This section begins by reviewing the sources of error in both the test setup and the spec-trometer. Park et al. [50] provide a complete discussion of uncertainty and error propagationin spectrometer-based LED measurement. Hwang et al. [30] provide an analogous treatmentof uncertainty in color measurement using a spectrometer.
Measurement Error
All subsequent calculations in this thesis are derived from the primary step of measuring theabsolute irradiance of the test fixture (see Figure 5.1 on page 50). There are four primarysources of error in the test setup. The first source of error is the estimated distance betweenthe LED array and the spectrometer head. The second source of error is the accuracy ofthe LED forward current. The third source of error is the specific junction temperatureof the LEDs on the array. The fourth source of error relates to the actual spectrometerirradiance measurement itself. In [50], the major components of uncertainty governingthe irradiance measurement error are: spectral irradiance reference data, calibration lampdetector distance, calibration lamp current, repeatability, wavelength accuracy, linearity,and spectral stray light.
Spectrometer Induced Error
All experiments in this work are preformed using a USB4000 spectrometer from Ocean Op-tics. The monochromator is an Czerny-Turner (see Wyszecki and Stiles [79]) with a 25µmentrance slit and a diffraction grating blazed at 500 nm (Ocean Optics grating numberH3). The spectral bandwidth (Full Width Half Maximum) of the monochromator is ap-proximately 1.5 nm with stray light estimates of <0.05% at 600 nm; 0.10% at 435 nm. Thedetector is a Toshiba TCD1304AP (200-1100 nm) with a corrected linearity of >99.8%. The
68
6.1. Sources of Error
sensitivity of the CCD is approximately 130 photons/count at 400 nm; 60 photons/countat 600 nm. The calibration source is Ocean Optics HL-2000 Tungsten Halogen (traceableto NIST S/N: F-211), with a drift of approximately .3% per hour of use. The radiometriccalibration source used in this research has an initial uncertainty of approximately 2.36%.The supply is regulated to within 0.5% of rated specifications.
Assuming a 3% certainty on mechanical setup and a 4% uncertainty regarding reflectedand scattered light, a back of the envelope calculation of the major sources of error allow usto estimate the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 14%, with the individual uncertainties ofstray light, linearity, etc., accounting for only 2% to 4% of the uncertainty. However, withoutformal testing of the individual sources above, these are only estimates. In a similar setup,Park et al. estimated the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of their calculations to be: 4.33% forred wavelengths, 4.22% for green wavelengths and 5.54% for blue wavelengths. As a generalrule, 10% uncertainty is considered very good for spectrometer measurements. Uncertaintiesless than 2% are achievable only by NIST [57]. Additionally, the transferred uncertaintyin the calibration source was initially estimated to be close to 1-2% in the visible range.In order to properly validate the test setup, the prototype light source should be sent to athird party, such as Luminaire Testing Laboratory (LTL).
Error in Linearity Assumptions
Although understanding the sources of absolute error are important for comparison to othersystems (i.e., how this calibrated light source may appear at another optical instrument) itis also important to quantify the error introduced into the system due to assumptions oflinearity. There are two major sources of error. The first is exemplified in Figure 5.3 onpage 53. In a strictly linear system, the only information needed to estimate the intensityof any given light wavelength is the maximum intensity and the PWM setting. With nolinear fit to minimize square error, when the wavelength is dimmed, the effect on the systemis that the light source is brighter than the model anticipated. Accordingly, this manifestsitself as chromaticity error and intensity error in setting the color temperature of the lightsource. Warmer colors, which use more red intensity, are strongly affected.
The second major source of error is estimating the white point, or the “all-on” setting,of the system. This is exemplified in Figure 5.6 on page 56 where the graph depicts themeasured white point and the estimated white point, which is found by summing the totalspectra for the individual wavelengths. Not surprisingly, the peaks of the five wavelengthsin the system are lower for the measured white point. This effect, like the deviation fromlinearity in Fig 5.3, is due to temperature. The effect here is that the overall lux of the lightsource will be less than expected, particularly at the sensor node some distance from thelight source. Additionally, this also affects the color temperature of the system.
Previous work attempted to compensate for these temperature effects by directly mea-suring the temperature and following the intensity derating curve for the LEDs [6, 43, 3].
69
6.2. Performance of the Sensor Node
Yet, it is difficult to properly estimate the junction temperature with only a single temper-ature sensor on board. One reasonable approach is closing the loop (e.g., using feedback totune the individual wavelengths as discussed in Sec. 3.5). Additionally, we may also wantto remove as much open loop error as possible. It may be desireable to begin with a correctmodel of the system, therefore we present a technique to correct the individual wavelengthsbased on a white point measurement, or series of white point measurements. We beginby correcting the acquired spectra to account for the worst case operating temperature(assumed to be the white point) such that
minxf(x) = ‖Ee,wp(λ)−
m∑i=1
xiEe,i(λ)‖2, (6.1)
subject to x ∈ R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. In this case, we seek a solution to minimize the squareerror between the measured whitepoint and the weighted sum of the individual intensities.Yet, because this only captures a single white point, we go one step further and write
minxf(x) =
n∑j=1‖Ee,wp(λ)−
m∑i=1
xiEe,i(λ)‖2, (6.2)
subject to x ∈ R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. In this case, n represents the total number of whitepoints taken, for example with increasing intensity. The reasoning behind Eq. 6.2 is thatin Eq. 6.1, we assume that this relationship is fixed for all the operating points, when infact it is dynamic. By taking into account multiple white points, we achieve an open loopaccuracy theoretically higher than any line fitting method of a single LED. If we applieda linear fit to the data in Fig. 5.3, it will be incorrect because it does include the heatingeffect of the other LEDs. If the system is going to be running open loop color control, it iscritical to perform these steps. Yet, even with many acquired white points, there are toomany cases to take into account, and closed loop control may be required in certain cases.
Figure 6.1 shows the results of minimizing Eq. 6.1 for the data collected in Sec. 5.2. Thecorresponding correction factors are blue: 0.9373; cyan: 0.9255; green: 1.0000; amber: 0.9120;red: 0.8901. Then, using these corrected spectra, the optimal setpoints using either thedirect search or linear methods are computed. To see how these methods would improvethe results obtained in Sec. 5.4, we can measure the difference between measured resultsobtained when using the temperature-compensated superposition and the measured resultsusing just superposition.
6.2 Performance of the Sensor Node
The primary goal of collecting the data in Figure 5.9 on page 63 is to calibrate the digitalcolor sensor so that the color temperature of ambient lighting can be inferred. Early modelsof performance predicted that a calibration source with a sufficiently high color renderingindex would make a suitable adjustable calibration source for the digital color sensor. Using
70
6.2. Performance of the Sensor Node
300 400 500 600 700 8000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
olut
e Ir
radi
ance
(µW
× c
m−
2 )
Absolute Irradiance for Maximum Setting Light A (No Dome) (distance 30cm)
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Figure 6.1: Results of minimizing the square error between the measured white point andthe sum of weighted spectra taken during a calibration step. If this step is performed beforeusing the linear and direct search methods to find the color temperature and intensity, theerror between the model and the actual system will be decreased. The setpoints foundduring these steps will better reflect the worst case operating temperature.
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the calibration methods described in Sec. 3.5, a single sensor was calibrated using 31 whitepoints. This served as the LED calibration source. Additionally, daylight was collected(presented in Sec. 5.5) which served as the daylight calibration source (incandescent bulbswith multiple filters can function similarly). In Figure 6.2, the performance of the differentcalibration methods is given.
The results suggest that the method of calibration (either a five wavelength source ordaylight) is the biggest predictor of error. For example, in Figure 6.2b we see that an LEDsource, even with an average color rendering index of 92, is not an adequate calibrationsource to correctly measure daylight. Of interest is the result in Figure 6.2a, in which thedaylight calibration of the sensor produced a near linear output, but with a different slopethan the ideal response. With an appropriate correction factor, the error between measuringdaylight and artificial light sources could be minimized. More important here is the intendeduse of the sensor. Its purpose is not to measure with absolute certainty the correct colortemperature (it would be nice if that were the case), but instead provide an output thatcould be used to synchronize the indoor lighting with daylight environment automatically.
The secondary function of the sensor node is measuring the illuminance of the ambientlight and the adjustable light sources in the network to optimize the lighting at the point ofmeasurement. From testing, it is clear that a query and response command for the analoglux sensors may not be the best solution for control via MATLAB. The reason is due to thelack of resolution in the MATLAB pause function.
In Section. 5.6, performance metrics were given for the unfiltered lux sensor. It wasdetermined that because of the poor resolution of MATLAB’s pause function, strict timingwas not achievable. Therefore, the limitations of update rates (at present 11Hz) are tooslow in order to perform a room calibration without noticing the flickering of the lights.There exists the possibility of continued use of MATLAB with an augmented pause functionthat utilizes Microsoft Window’s high resolution clock. Thus, it may still be possible toachieve flicker-free calibration with only a minor software change. More testing needs to beperformed to firmly comment if this is possible using MATLAB. If not, another solution mustbe found. Additionally, the RC time constant of the 50 Hz low pass filters (approximately3 ms) theoretically would not hinder operation, but the present limitations of the timingresolution in MATLAB prevented any significant exploration.
The data presented in Figure 5.10 on page 64 were fit to the linear equation y = mx+ b.From Fig. 5.10, it is clear that the analog sensors saturate close to 2000 lx and 6000 lx. Thedigital sensor was set to 10× integration time for maximum sensitivity, and it saturated closeto 5000 lx. The ambient light levels on the fifth floor of the Media Lab average between250 lx to 2000 lx near a window. Reporting the answer in lux rather then sensor counts maynot be an issue, as the user is concerned only about the lighting on the surface. It is thegoal of the system to minimize the other parameters to match what the user expects to bepresent. The main issue here is not sensitivity, but update rate. Increasing the integrationtime of the digital sensor may lead to poor response times as transitions across the lighting
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Figure 6.2: Comparison of calibration results. In (a) the color sensor is calibrated usingeither an LED source or daylight and its response to LED irradiance is given. In (b), thecolor sensor is calibrated the same way, but its response to daylight irradiance is given.Clearly, the results correlate well with the calibration method employed. However, in (a)the linearity of the daylight calibration method may make it applicable in measuring a broadrange of sources.
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network will be averaged by the sensor. More testing is required to settle on the correctintegration time.
6.3 Performance of Control Methods
The experiments conducted in Sec. 5.4 are considered proof of concept measurements. Theyare intended to validate direct search as a new method of polychromatic intensity controlfor both a single fixture and a network of lights. Additionally, as discussed in Sec. 6.1 themeasurements were conducted with datasets that were not temperature compensated, soin some cases there are significant chromaticity errors. It was decided, for brevity, thatthe results in Table 5.5 and Table 5.6 be given as an average so that a general sense ofperformance could be quickly ascertained. Because the average results are presented, specificcolor comparisons (11 colors were tested) are not possible. These tables of results are onlyappropriate once the model used to generate the datasets is temperature compensated sothat the true open loop response can be measured. In Figure 6.4, the mean CRI and efficacyare presented for the tested light source.
Indeed, as suggested in Chapter 3, the direct search method finds the intensities for theindividual wavelengths such that CRI and Efficacy are maximized (see Fig. Figure 6.3 onpage 75). In theory, the variation across the three intensity groups (500 lx, 1000 lx, and1500 lx) occurs due to errors in the linearity assumptions discussed in Sec 6.1. Neither CRInor efficacy should vary if the model is perfect. In the worst case estimate, using directsearch results in a 45% improvement of the color rendering ability of the light source overthe linear method. Similarly, maximizing the efficacy results in a light source 28% moreefficient than its linear counter part. It is clear that these methods have great potential forcontrolling the spectral composition of the source.
On the other hand, in Figure 6.4b, we see the effect of maximizing efficacy. The objectivefunction will attempt to use the most efficient and fewest wavelengths possible to create thecorrect color temperature. Depending on the intensity and color, this could be two or threewavelengths. The penalty incurred for such efficiency is that we lose the quality of the whitepoint. The ∆uv reported in the figure is a measure of how close the measured white pointis to the blackbody curve. As a rule of thumb, a ∆uv < .01 is considered acceptable. Giventhe uncertainty of the spectrometer measurements to begin with it is difficult to commentabout the true error regarding the white point (there is much room for improvement here).But qualitatively, we would notice a significant change of color if these white points wereto be used. This could be improved by adding a coefficient in the evaluation function ofthe optimization problem, or by defining ∆uv as a nonlinear inequality contraint in theoptimization routine, or even by fixing the minimum number of wavelengths to be three,and not two (redefining the lower and upper bound of the optimization problem). This is arelatively small problem and is easily fixed (potentially at the cost of run-time performance).
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Figure 6.3: Results obtained from study of linear and nonlinear methods of color control.Here, we see the effectiveness of the direct search algorithm. It is capable of outperformingthe exact and overdetermined methods of control. A CRI score of 100 is considered perfect.In (b), the algorithm is able to create colors 28% more efficiently then the other methods.
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6.4 Comparison to Commercial Systems
The Caliper program, sponsored by the US Department of Energy, is responsible for docu-menting the progress and developments with SSL-related technology. In a recent publication(2009), it was reported that:
“The general trend of increasing efficacy continues, with Round 9 products aver-aging 46 lm/W and ranging from 17 to 79 lm/W. Unfortunately, wide disparitiesare still observed in the accuracy of manufacturer specifications. SSL recesseddownlights are now capable of meeting or exceeding light output levels and lightdistribution characteristics of downlights equipped with 45-75W incandescentand halogen lamps, and the SSL products are meeting or exceeding color qualityof CFL recessed downlights [48].”
These fixtures are all phosphor-based designs. The color rendering index of the fixtures inthe Caliper report range from 63 to 93, with a majority of the tested fixtures having a CCTranging from 2700 K to 6500 K, none of them being color adjustable.
We can estimate the performance of the prototype presented in this thesis for a range ofcolor temperatures as well (see Table 6.1). In this case, we consider the results obtained inTable 5.6 to serve as our comparison. In Figure 5.2 on page 52, we measured the test sourceto study if the relationship Ev = Iv/d
2 holds. Using this assumption, we can estimate thetotal candelas of the test fixture at a desired operating point (we assume we measured thelux directly under the source). First we estimate the total lux at a distance of 1 m from thesource by applying Eq. 3.2 rewritten to estimate the illuminance at two different distancesmeasured from the same source. The illuminance, now estimated at 1 m, can be convertedinto candelas. The next step involves calculating the solid angle of lamp (in steradians)which is 2π(1− cos(α/2)), where α is the beam angle of our source, which is estimated bybe roughly 110 degrees. We obtain the lumens by multiplying the intensity with the solidangle, Iv2π(1− cos(α/2)).
Several Color Kinetics iW Blast Powercore lamps were obtained and characterized in aset of experiments outlined in Chapter 5 as a commercial test fixture most analogous to theone developed. The iW Blast Powercore is a phosphor-converted adjustable white fixture. Itconsists of LEDs at two color temperatures, 2700 K and 6500 K, and allows the channels tobe mixed. The fixture is rated at 50 W at maximum intensity, and consists of two banks ofwarm white LEDs and one bank of cool white LEDs. The range of achievable output is fixedbetween these two color temperatures. The user controllable resolution of three channels islimited to eight bits where the input/output relationship (PWM versus intensity) followsthe power law, y = xk. The measured CRI of the light source varies with temperature andhas a range of 72 to 83 and an efficacy of 35 lm/W.
Phosphor-based designs already dominate the market and the chronological Caliper datasuggests that improvements across the board are happening. Phillips et al. [52] discuss the
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Tc (kelvin) Lux (lm·m−2) Lumens (lm) power (W) efficacy (lm/W)
2748 98 263 8 332978 101 271 8 343538 108 289 8 364085 117 313 9 354538 124 332 10 334930 132 354 10 355382 135 362 11 335830 137 367 11 336335 138 370 12 317768 137 367 12 319613 137 367 12 31
Table 6.1: Estimated luminous efficacy of prototype light source for the measured lux ob-tained in Sec. 5.4.
future of phosphor and active emitter designs. The LED systems in the latest Caliperreport surpass most compact fluorescent designs, both in terms of efficacy and quality. Yetwe are still left with the problem of intelligent control and to some degree, the mixing ofcolor. There more than likely will still be a need in niche markets for adjustable systems,especially ones in which the reproduction of color temperature and color rendering areimportant. Over time, commercially available systems with the color adjustable range andcolor quality of the prototype presented in this thesis will begin to surface. From a designstandpoint, especially with regard to the lighting industry, color-adjustable systems arecomplex, both mathematically and physically. Above all, lower efficacy and higher costmake them less appealing to the mass consumer market. Certainly, if the goal is to maximizethe $/Klm ratio, it is not achieved using active emitters. In order for active emitters tobecome dominant in a large cross section of the market, the quantum efficiency of the greenemitters will need to improve to the levels of near ultra-violet emitters. From a engineeringperspective, the techniques presented here are just as applicable to color tunable whitesystems as they are to polychromatic active emitter systems.
6.5 Energy Saving Potential
The affordances offered by color-adjustable systems are broad, yet a great barrier in thebroad adoption of these devices is due in part to cost, lower efficacy and complexity. Oneidea explored in this work is dynamic efficacy, or the ability of the lighting system to optimizethe number of wavelengths used to create the white point. From an engineering standpoint,
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the technique works quite well, however one issue remains: if given the choice between ahigh quality light and a poor quality one, which one do you choose? In order to maximizethe full potential of adopting a polychromatic system, the lighting must not burden theuser. A probable answer is that either directly, or indirectly, we do not really care as longas we are satisfied.
We turn our attention to estimating the performance of the network considered in Fig-ure 4.1. We consider a hypothetical illuminance profile of ambient light (e.g, daylight)collected in an office in MIT building E14 (Figure 6.5). In this example, the peak illu-minance, estimated to be 500 lx is measured during midday. The offices in building E14currently use compact fluorescent bulbs and the illuminance, 1.5 m from the plenum, wasestimated at 325 lx. From Figure 6.5, we see that for 1/3 of the day, the lighting level is300 lx or greater, which, to guarantee 325 lx at the work surface, would require 25 lx orless from the fixtures. By midday, according to the figure, the lights could be turned off.Although this is a completely a hypothetical situation, the implications are that the fixtureswould require less than 3% of their total output during the course of the normal wakinghours.
But, let us consider a case where the lighting network runs continuously for 24 hourseach day and is configured to maintain 325 lx at the work surface. By compensating fordaylight, we can infer that average illuminance in the room from the overhead lighting,over a period of a day, is 180 lx/h. This constitutes a 45% reduction if the lights were leftrunning at full intensity, 24 hours a day. In theory, another 1/6 of that time no illuminationis required, and in this case, the reduction is 59%.1 The example given was extreme, as inmost cases, the total ambient lux may never exceed the capabilities of the lighting system.Also of consequence is that the fact that the distribution will not be Gaussian, but erraticand most certainly, not smooth.
The idea behind dynamic efficacy is to augment closed loop intensity control by modu-lating the spectral composition of the source and automatically determining at which timesa more efficient light, rather than higher quality light, satisfies the user’s requirements. Theimportant distinction between dynamic efficacy and closed loop intensity control is thata reduction in overall energy usage is achieved without reducing the intensity and outputcolor. For example, let us consider the system whose results are described in table 5.6.Here, we see that the higher efficacy modes of operation are 23% more efficient than theirhigh CRI counterparts. This means that for the same intensity, the high CRI mode uses 1.2times more energy then the high efficacy mode.
If we reconsider the example above, we can imagine an operational scenario in which thenetwork determined situations and times where, although it could not adjust the intensity,it could tune the efficacy instead. In the example above, we assume that maintaining 325 lx
1Here we computer the average of maintaining 325 lx 5/6 of the time, and 0 lx the other 1/6, whichcorresponds to an average of 244 lx/h. For the adjustable intensity it becomes 0 lx for 50% of the day whichcorresponds to an average of 100 lx/h.
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on the surface of interest requires 40 W of electrical power and that decreasing the intensityof the system corresponds linearly with power, that is, 180 lx consumes 22 W of power. A40 W light, left on for 18 hours a day uses 720W·h. In the hypothetical 58% scenario, theequivalent power consumption of the light source is 16W each hour (16W·h). This leadsto a total consumption of 400W·h per day. By using feedback, we reduce the total energyconsumed by the system by 44%.
By adjusting the intensity throughout the day, we changed the equivalent power con-sumption of the light source, that is, a 40 W lamp “became” a 16 W lamp. Earlier, it wasstated that high CRI mode of operation uses 1.2 times the power of the high efficacy mode.If we assume that the equivalent 16 W source is running in high CRI mode, then for samelight level, the rated power becomes 13 W, a change of 18%. If the fixture ran in highefficacy mode for 24 hours, this is equivalent to 312W·h per day. Depending on the timespent using high efficacy or high CRI, we could save up to an additional 88W·h. We couldassume the efficacy mode is used 50% of time and our corresponding consumption becomes356W·h. Over a year, this saves 16 kW·h for just a single light source.
Compensating for ambient lighting and detecting occupancy in an office is not new; weare all familiar with the technology such as the building sensor that controls outdoor lightingwhen the sun sets or timer based lighting in the library stacks. However, these systems,lacking any cohesive infrastructure, cannot dynamically raise and lower the intensity in re-sponse to changing ambient conditions. Instead, for simplicity they are binary; either offor on (almost always off at the wrong time). For many systems this is adequate, but thereare still plenty opportunities left to pursue. Larger systems, designed to control the lightingin office type environments, typically have the ability to zone the lighting and adjust theintensity of individual lamps on the network. By far, the most prevalent method of con-trolling these networks is human input, using either change on demand or pre-programmedsequences. One example is the Lutron Grafik Eye, installed in E14. Yet, this system, for allof its capabilities, lacks the “off the shelf” components to realize the dynamic adjustment ofintensity to compensate for daylight. However, these systems are capable of being controlledusing a computer – it is not unreasonable to think that that the hardware and techniquespresented here could one day control the overhead fluorescent lighting at the Media Lab.
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Chapter Seven
Conclusions
This thesis focused on the development, modeling, and testing of dynamic solid state light-ing. In this work, state of the art methods were presented to optimize the optical and energyrelated parameters of an intelligent lighting system. A comparison of control techniques,both linear and nonlinear, provided quantitative evidence that the methods described in thisthesis are optimal for the control and design of future polychromatic as well as phosphor-based lighting systems. In addition, the feasibility and current performance of room calibra-tion and the performance of a novel method of measuring the correlated color temperatureof daylight were also given. In short, the broad foundation for future research on the op-timal control of lighting has been both quantitatively and qualitatively discussed. Withthe proper techniques, subsystems, and methodologies in hand, it is now time to considerdynamic interaction with the network. The next immediate portion of the research willstudy the effects of the computer-controlled network of multiple light sources.
7.1 Overview of Performance
The network, as designed right now, has several bottlenecks. These are manifested as querydelays to sensor nodes and light fixtures, and timing expense incurred from roundtrip fullduplex communication. A majority of the proposed control algorithms utilize MATLAB,which when combined with Windows, is hardly a real-time OS. In the short term, minorfirmware revisions to correct expensive and consecutive read/write operations are critical.Because the optimal control of a single fixture and sensor node was considered, there maybe unexpected delays as the network scales. Now, after testing and reporting on the perfor-mance of the sensor nodes, the gain of the analog and digital sensors can be locked down.The main hindrance in transparent operation of the network is going to be subtly measuringthe ambient and current intensity of the uncontrolled and controlled lighting in the room.Currently, this update rate is 11 Hz.
In Chapter 3, the use of direct search was presented as an efficient nonlinear solver for thelighting network. It is not an issue of being able to accurately determine the correct intensity
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for the total number of wavelengths present in a lighting network; this was demonstrated.It is an issue of speed. For example, one possible solution is use to the direct search methodto calculate a table of intensities to be stored in each fixture, then the correct intensity ofthe network is determined via the control computer, and the intensity setting is transmittedto the fixtures. The lights themselves preform the linear adjustment to then correct theirintensity.
The techniques discussed in this work can be generalized to the control of traditionallighting technologies. One goal of designing the polychromatic system was to develop a lightsource capable of best-in-class photometric and color related properties. It was also theorizedthat existing methods of measuring and sensing color lead to decreased performance of thesesystems. The development of a custom light source enabled a quantitative comparison ofthe methods and techniques proposed for control. Additionally, it extends the work on theoptimal control of lighting in [64, 49] by considering spectrally tunable sources capable ofdynamic energy consumption. These extra layers of difficulty prompted the developmentand testing of new models and techniques to control the network. Yet, LED lighting is notwidespread. For example, in MIT building E14, a Lutron Grafik Eye controls the dimmableoverhead fluorescent fixtures. Future work will focus on incorporating more diverse sourcesinto the control of the system.
The benefits of using an adaptive approach to selecting the wavelengths of the source werementioned, yet this extra degree of control presents some major concerns from a usabilitystandpoint. At present, a single button press on the control node instructs the systemto perform a calibration step. The user is then able to set the desired illuminance leveland color temperature by adjusting a slider on the control node. These operations aremore complicated than turning on or off a switch. Certainly, adding a fourth operation –the ability to switch between efficient and high quality light is overkill. So how can this besimplified? First, an experiment to derive the users’ lighting preferences must be performed.In these experiments, it can be tested which light sources the user prefers under differentsituations. Ultimately, one conclusion may be that, although the dynamic efficacy offersadditional energy savings, the quality of the light is not preferred by any users. Long termtesting incorporating a large number of LED and other fixtures are required to report onthe true energy savings employed by these techniques. In the short term, testing is plannedto occur with the iW Blast Powercore from Color Kinetics.
7.2 Future Work
The work presented here leads to the “event horizon”, so to speak, of researching the broaderimplications of sensor-enabled lighting networks. For every question answered here, severalmore exist. Missing from this discussion are the effects of reflected light (i.e., headmountedgaze tracking) on the control and performance of the network. Yet using a sensor boarddesigned here, the preliminary effects of this type of control can be quickly studied. Also
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missing are the quantitative results of the control of at least two fixtures and a full study ofthe actual energy saved by adjusting the intensity in response to changing ambient light. Toget to this point, several illuminance studies of building E14 (concentrated primarily on the5th floor) are required. These studies will provide actual illuminance data of the area, whichwe will use to build models of the expected energy savings. These will be performed in theshort term and once complete, can be used to contrast the measured results of several tests inwhich the intensity is regulated according to ambient light. Going one step further, we planto measure the energy savings when the user is able to adjust the color and illuminance aswell. Also planned for the near-future is the redesign of the sensor node to make it compactand more energy efficient. Broader research ambitions include incorporating gesture-basedcontrol of the sensor node (i.e., create a light surface of this intensity and color quality here,similar to Bolt’s classic “Put That There”) [13]. In this manner a zone of lighting can bespecified, for example, by moving the sensor node around the desired area (an accelerometerin the sensor node can detect motion) or video could enable gesture recognition and tracking.
Looking towards the future, the next phase of work will aim to utilize more complicatedsensors and activity-recognition algorithms to better infer user context and light their en-vironment accordingly. Room-mounted and wearable cameras, for example, will be used totrack users and determine their zone of activity, lighting the area accordingly. Hands will betracked, and gestural control (e.g., pointing, sweeping, framing, etc.) will be used to directthe room lighting when it is necessary to go beyond the assumptions made by the contextengine [39]. Users can be tracked to within several meters by the wireless signal from theirwearable system – correlating motion detected by their wearable accelerometers and localcameras can precisely identify and locate them [70, 69]. In the final phase of the work,the system will be installed into a suite of working offices to examine the interaction andcontrol of this intelligent lighting system with other utilities (e.g., closed loop heating andair conditioning [22]) to create environments that automatically meet users’ utility goalsand comfort while minimizing energy. Also of interest are the persuasive interfaces to theseenvironments, through which users will see the system working, explore their energy con-sumption, compare their energy usage with their past activity and to that of other subjects,and adjust the assumptions that the system makes about them. This phase of activity willalso integrate with a ubiquitous interactive display system that we have installed throughoutour building that identifies users when they approach and facilitates a variety of contact andnon-contact interaction. Users of our system can employ these “portals” to invoke and in-teract with their energy-related information anywhere in the building. Although researchershave been exploring aspects of interactive lighting for several years, the agile control andrich sensor data afforded by these systems will inspire new means of interfacing with andcontrolling fine-grained utility infrastructure to maximize function while minimizing energy,illustrating a key application that will drive cyber-physical systems in the next decade.
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Appendix A
Expanded Results
The Figures A.2, A.1, A.3, and A.4 contain the predicted and measured spectra used todescribe the experiments in Chapter 5.
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6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(b)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678910
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d Li
near
, 150
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(c)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678910
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d O
verd
eter
min
ed, 5
00 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(d)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678910
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d O
verd
eter
min
ed, 1
000
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(e)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678910
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d O
verd
eter
min
ed, 1
500
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(f)
Figu
reA.2:Measuredspectral
respon
seforbo
thlin
earan
doverde
term
ined
metho
dsforthreediffe
rent
luxsettings
and11
color
tempe
ratures.
87
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Max
imiz
ed E
ffica
cy, 5
00 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(a)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Max
imiz
ed E
ffica
cy, 1
000
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(b)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Max
imiz
ed E
ffica
cy, 1
500
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(c)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Max
imiz
ed C
olor
Ren
derin
g In
dex,
500
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(d)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Max
imiz
ed C
olor
Ren
derin
g In
dex,
100
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(e)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Max
imiz
ed C
olor
Ren
derin
g In
dex,
150
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(f)
Figu
reA.3:Pr
edictedspectral
respon
seusingtheMADSalgo
rithm
form
axim
izingeffi
cacy
orcolorr
enderin
gindexfort
hree
diffe
rent
luxsettings
and11
colortempe
ratures.
88
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d M
axim
ized
Effi
cacy
, 500
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(a)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d M
axim
ized
Effi
cacy
, 100
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(b)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d M
axim
ized
Effi
cacy
, 150
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(c)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d C
olor
Ren
derin
g In
dex,
500
lux
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(d)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d C
olor
Ren
derin
g In
dex,
100
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(e)
400
500
600
700
800
012345678
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Absolute Irradiance (µW ⋅ cm−2
)
Mea
sure
d C
olor
Ren
derin
g In
dex,
150
0 lu
x
28
00K
3000
K35
00K
4000
K45
00K
5000
K55
00K
6000
K65
00K
8000
K10
000K
(f)
Figu
reA.4:Measuredspectral
respon
seusingtheMADSalgo
rithm
form
axim
izingeffi
cacy
orcolorr
enderin
gindexfort
hree
diffe
rent
luxsettings
and11
colortempe
ratures.
Insubfi
gure
b,thespectrom
eter
saturatedfortestpo
ints
8000
Kan
d10
000K.
89
Appendix B
Hardware Design
B.1 LED Controller Hardware Schematics
[follows on next page]
90
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
Title
NumberRevision
SizeBDate:4/29/2010
Sheet ofFile:
C:\Documents and Settings\..\Sheet1.SchDoc
Drawn By:
GPIO29/SCITXD
A/SCLA/TZ3
1
TRST2
XRS3
ADCINA6/A
IO64
ADCINA4/CO
MP2A
/AIO4
5
ADCINA7
6
ADCINA3
7
ADCINA1
8
ADCINA2/CO
MP1A
/AIO2
9
ADCINA0/VREFHI
10
VDDA
11
VSSA/VREFLO
12
ADCINB1
13
ADCINB2/COM
P1B/AIO
1014
ASCINB3
15
ADCINB4/COM
P2B/AIO
1216
ADCINB6/A
IO1417
ADCINB7
18
GPIO34/CO
MP2OUT
19
GPIO35/TD
I20
GPIO36/TM
S21
GPIO37/TD
O22
GPIO38/XCLKIN/TCK
23
GPIO18/SPICLK
A/SCITXDA/XCLKO
UT24
GPIO19/XCLKIN/SPISTEA/SCIRXD
A/ECAP125
GPIO17/SPISOM
IA/TZ326
GPIO16/SPISIM
OA/TZ2
27
GPIO1/EPW
M1B/CO
MP1O
UT28
GPIO0/EPW
M1A
29
TEST30
GPIO32/SD
AA/EPWM
SYNCI/A
DCSOCAO
31
VDD
32
VSS33
VREGENZ
34
VDDIO
35
GPIO33/SCLA/EPW
MSYNCO/A
DCSOCBO36
GPIO2/EPW
M2A
37
GPIO3/EPW
M2B/CO
MP2O
UT38
GPIO4/EPW
M3A
39
GPIO5/EPM
W3B/ECA
P140
GPIO6/EPW
M4A/EPW
MSYN
CI/EPWM
SYNCO
41
GPIO7/EPW
M4B/SCIRXD
A42
VDD
43
VSS44
X145
X246
GPIO12/TZ1/SCITXDA
47
GPIO28/SCIRXD
A/SDAA/TZ2
48
U1TMX320F28027
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
P1Header 7X2
CTMS
CTDI
CPDCTD
OCTCK
-RETCTCKCEM
U0CEM
U1CG
NDCG
NDCG
ND
CGND
CTRSTn
123456789101112
P2Header 12
123456789101112
P3Header 12
123456789101112
P4Header 12
123456789101112
P5Header 12
CTRSTn
CTDO
CTDI
CTMS
CTCK
CGND
C22.2uF
L1EMI BEA
D
L2EMI BEA
D
C12.2uF
C101.0uF
C91.0uF
C7.47uF C3.47uF
L4EMI BEA
DC111.0uF
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
C3V3INC3V3D
C3V3A
CRSTR70
CGND
TI JTAG
HEA
DER
LED A
RRAY PIN
OUT
MCU FA
NO
UT
CRX-SLAVE
CTX-SLAVE
CSDA
CSCL
CTAOSINPU
T
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
2121
2222
2323
2424
2525
2626
2727
2828
2929
3030
3131
3232
3333
3434
3535
3636
3737
3838
3939
4040
4141
4242
4343
4444
4545
4646
4747
4848
4949
5050
H1N2550-6002-RB
CREDRTN
CRED
CAM
B
CREDCRED
CREDRTNCREDRTN
CAM
BCA
MB
CAM
BRTNCA
MBRTN
CAM
BRTN
CGRN
CGRN
CGRN
CGRNRTN
CGRNRTN
CGRNRTN
CBLUCBLU
CBLU
CBLURTNCBLURTNCBLURTN
TAOSOE
CS1CS0
CS3CS2
CSCL
CSDA
CSYNC
CINT
CFUNC
CINCTEM
P
CCYN
CCYN
CCYN
CCYNRTN
CCYNRTN
CCYNRTN
CTAOSINPU
T
CREDPWM
CAM
BERPWM
CGREEN
PWM
CBLUEPWM
CCYAN
PWM
CIRTXBRSTCG
PIO7
CO
NTR
OLLER
P1
CSYNC
CINT
CS3CS2
CGND
TAOSOE
R2TBD 0402
R3TBD 0402
CS0CS1
C3V3INC3V3IN
TAOS PU
LLUPSA
1
B2
Y3
GND
4
Y5
A/B6
G7
VCC8
U2SN74LVC2G157C24
100nFCG
ND
C3V3IN
CTEMP
CMSO
L3EMI BEA
D
C3V3IN
CADCLU
XL
CAGND
C12TBD
CGND
R14TBD
0402
CRSTS1B3S-1000
CGND
BTN RST
CFUNC
R1TBD 0402
CGND
TMP05 SETTING
S
CMSO
OPEN
OPEN
CADCLU
XH
CTEMP
R8TBD 0603
D1HSMH-C190
CGND
CSTATUS
1.8 0603 RED
CSTATUS
Float: Cont / GND: O
ne-Shot
CSDA
CSCL
R510K
C3V3IN
R610K
C3V3IN
R410K
C3V3IN
CIRTXBRST
D3TSAL6200
CGND R10TBD
0805
IR TXQ2NDS355AN
C3V3IN
Q1NDS355AN
C3V3IN
1243
NO
S2218-2LPST
R20TBD
0402R17TBD
04023.3K
820R12TBD
0402R11TBD
0402
CGND
CGND
C3V3INC3V3IN
CGPIO
34
CGPIO
34CTD
O
MCU BO
OT SETTIN
GS
LED
R13TBD
0402
CGND
OPTIO
N
R15TBD
0402
CGND
OPTIO
N
MUX_TA
OS_TEMP
CTX-SLAVE
CTRSTnCRST
ADCINA6
ADCINA4
ADCINA0
ADCINA7
ADCINB1
ADCINB3
ADCINB7
ADCINA6
ADCINA4
ADCINA7
CADCLU
XHCA
DCLUXL
CADCLU
XNOFLT
ADCINA0
C3V3ACAGND
ADCINB1
CSYNC
CSTATUS
ADCINB3
CMSO
ADCINB7
CGPIO
34
CTDO
CTDI
CTMS
CTCKCS3
MUX_TA
OS_TEMP
CS2TAO
SOE
CAM
BERPWM
CREDPWM
CSDA
CGND
C3V3D
CSCL
R9TBD 0603
D2HSMH-C190
CGND
C3V3IN
CGREEN
PWM
CBLUEPWM
CCYAN
PWM
CIRTXBRSTCG
PIO7
CGND
CTEMP
CRX-SLAVE
COLO
R / TEMP M
UX
CGND C810nF CG
ND C410nFC52.2pF
CGND
C61.0uF
CGND
CADCLU
XNOFLT OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
GPIO3
C3V3IN
CINT
PIC101 PIC102COC1
PIC201 PIC202COC2
PIC301 PIC302COC3
PIC401 PIC402COC4
PIC501 PIC502COC5
PIC601 PIC602COC6PIC701 PIC702
COC7PIC801 PIC802COC8PIC901 PIC902
COC9PIC1001 PIC1002
COC10
PIC1101 PIC1102COC11
PIC1201 PIC1202COC12
PIC2401PIC2402
COC24
PID101PID102COD1
PID201PID202COD2
PID301 PID302COD3
PIH101
PIH102
PIH103
PIH104
PIH105PIH106
PIH107PIH108
PIH109
PIH1010
PIH1011PIH1012
PIH1013PIH1014
PIH1015PIH1016
PIH1017PIH1018
PIH1019PIH1020
PIH1021PIH1022
PIH1023PIH1024
PIH1025PIH1026
PIH1027PIH1028
PIH1029PIH1030
PIH1031PIH1032
PIH1033PIH1034
PIH1035PIH1036
PIH1037PIH1038
PIH1039PIH1040
PIH1041PIH1042
PIH1043PIH1044
PIH1045PIH1046
PIH1047PIH1048
PIH1049PIH1050
COH1
PIL101PIL102
COL1
PIL201PIL202
COL2
PIL301PIL302
COL3
PIL401PIL402
COL4
PIP101
PIP102
PIP103
PIP104
PIP105
PIP106
PIP107
PIP108
PIP109
PIP1010
PIP1011PIP1012
PIP1013
PIP1014
COP1
PIP201
PIP202
PIP203
PIP204
PIP205
PIP206
PIP207
PIP208
PIP209
PIP2010
PIP2011
PIP2012 COP2
PIP301
PIP302
PIP303
PIP304
PIP305
PIP306
PIP307
PIP308
PIP309
PIP3010
PIP3011
PIP3012 COP3
PIP401
PIP402
PIP403
PIP404
PIP405
PIP406
PIP407
PIP408
PIP409
PIP4010
PIP4011
PIP4012 COP4
PIP501
PIP502
PIP503
PIP504
PIP505
PIP506
PIP507
PIP508
PIP509
PIP5010
PIP5011
PIP5012 COP5
PIQ101
PIQ102 PIQ103COQ1PIQ201
PIQ202 PIQ203COQ2
PIR101PIR102 COR1
PIR201 PIR202COR2
PIR301 PIR302COR3
PIR401 PIR402COR4
PIR501 PIR502COR5
PIR601 PIR602COR6
PIR701 PIR702COR7
PIR801PIR802 COR8PIR901PIR902 COR9
PIR1001 PIR1002COR10
PIR1101 PIR1102COR11
PIR1201 PIR1202COR12
PIR1301 PIR1302COR13
PIR1401 PIR1402COR14
PIR1501 PIR1502COR15
PIR1701 PIR1702COR17
PIR2001 PIR2002COR20
PIS101
PIS102
PIS103
PIS104
COS1PIS201
PIS202
PIS203
PIS204
COS2
PIU101
PIU102
PIU103
PIU104
PIU105
PIU106
PIU107
PIU108
PIU109
PIU1010
PIU1011
PIU1012
PIU1013
PIU1014
PIU1015
PIU1016
PIU1017
PIU1018
PIU1019
PIU1020
PIU1021
PIU1022
PIU1023
PIU1024
PIU1025
PIU1026
PIU1027
PIU1028
PIU1029
PIU1030
PIU1031
PIU1032
PIU1033
PIU1034
PIU1035
PIU1036
PIU1037
PIU1038
PIU1039
PIU1040
PIU1041
PIU1042
PIU1043
PIU1044
PIU1045
PIU1046
PIU1047
PIU1048
COU1
PIU201
PIU202
PIU203
PIU204
PIU205
PIU206
PIU207
PIU208 COU2
PIP2010
PIU1010NLADCINA0
PIP205
PIU105
NLADCINA4
PIP204
PIU104
NLADCINA6
PIP206
PIU106
NLADCINA7
PIP3012
PIU1013NLADCINB1
PIP3010
PIU1015
NLADCINB3
PIP307
PIU1018
NLADCINB7
PIC602PIC702
PIC802PIL202
PIP2011
PIU1011
PIC302PIC402
PIC502PIL102
PIP402
PIU1035
PIC102PIC202
PIC2401
PID101PID201
PID302
PIL101
PIL201
PIL302
PIR202PIR302
PIR402PIR502
PIR602
PIR1102PIR1202
PIR1402
PIU208
PIP209
PIU109
NLCADCLUXH
PIP208
PIU108
NLCADCLUXL
PIP207
PIU107
NLCADCLUXNOFLT
PIC1102PIL402
PIP2012
PIU1012
PIH107PIH108
PIH109
NLCAMB
PIP504
PIU1040
NLCAMBERPWM
PIH1010
PIH1011PIH1012
NLCAMBRTN
PIH1013PIH1014
PIH1015
NLCBLU
PIP408
PIU1029NLCBLUEPWM
PIH1016
PIH1017PIH1018
NLCBLURTN
PIP409
PIU1028NLCCYANPWM
PIH1025PIH1026
PIH1027
NLCCYNPIH1028
PIH1029PIH1030
NLCCYNRTN
PIP1013
NLCEMU0PIP1014
NLCEMU1
PIH1046
PIR102
NLCFUNC
PIC101PIC201
PIC301PIC401
PIC501
PIC601PIC701
PIC801
PIC901PIC1001
PIC1101
PIC1201
PIC2402
PIH1031
PIH1041
PIH1045
PIL401
PIP104
PIP108
PIP1010
PIP1012
PIP404
PIP508
PIQ102PIQ202
PIR101
PIR701
PIR902
PIR1301
PIR1501
PIR1701PIR2001
PIS102
PIU1033
PIU1044
PIU204
PIU207
NLCGND
PIP506
PIU1042
NLCGPIO7PIP306
PIR1702
PIS201
PIU1019
NLCGPIO34
PIP501
PIU1037
NLCGREENPWM
PIH1019PIH1020
PIH1021
NLCGRN
PIH1022
PIH1023PIH1024
NLCGRNRTN
PIH1043NLCIN
PIH1040
PIR401
PIU1038
NLCINT
PIP505
PIQ201
PIU1041
NLCIRTXBRST
PIP308
PIU1017
PIU206 NLCMSO
PIP105
NLCPD
PIH101
PIH102
PIH103
NLCRED
PIP503
PIU1039
NLCREDPWM
PIH104
PIH105PIH106
NLCREDRTN
PIC1202
PIP203
PIR1401PIS104
PIU103
NLCRST
PIP5012
PIU1048
NLCRX0SLAVE
PIH1034
PIR201
NLCS0PIH1033
PIR301
NLCS1
PIH1036
PIP4011
PIU1026
NLCS2PIH1035
PIP301
PIU1024
NLCS3
PIH1047
PIP401
PIR601
PIU1036
NLCSCL
PIH1039
PIP406
PIR501
PIU1031
NLCSDA
PIP3011
PIQ101
PIU1014NLCSTATUS
PIH1048
PIP309
PIU1016
NLCSYNC
PIH1037
PIU201
NLCTAOSINPUT
PIP1011
PIP302 PIU1023
NLCTCKPIP109
NLCTCK0RET PIP103
PIP305 PIU1020
NLCTDI
PIP107
PIP303
PIR1502
PIR2002
PIS202
PIU1022
NLCTDO
PIH1044
PIP5011
PIU1047
PIU202
NLCTEMP
PIP101
PIP304 PIU1021
NLCTMSPIP102
PIP202
PIR1302
PIU102
NLCTRSTn
PIP201
PIU101
NLCTX0SLAVE
PIP502
NLGPIO3
PIP4012
PIU1025PIU205
NLMUX0TAOS0TEMP
PIS103
PIS101
PIC902
PIU1032
PIC1002
PIU1043
PID102PIR801PID202PIR901
PID301PIR1002
PIH1038PIL301
PIH1042
PIH1049PIH1050
PIP106
PIP403
PIP405
PIP407
PIP507
PIP509
PIP5010
PIQ103 PIR802PIQ203 PIR1001
PIR702PIU1034
PIR1101PIS204
PIR1201PIS203
PIU1030
PIU1045
PIU1046
PIU203
PIH1032
PIP4010
PIU1027
NLTAOSOE
B.1. LED Controller Hardware Schematics
91
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
Title
NumberRevision
SizeBDate:4/29/2010
Sheet ofFile:
C:\Documents and Settings\..\Sheet2.SchDoc
Drawn By:
CO
NTR
OLLER
P2
4 31
52
U3AD8605ARTZ
VDD
1
GND
2
NC3
EN4
NC5
IOUT6
U6ISL29009IROZ-T7
C19100nF
R24
TBD 0402
C15100nF
CAGND
LUX SEN
SOR LO
W RA
NG
E
LUX SEN
SOR H
IGH
RAN
GE
CAGND
4 31
52
U4AD8605ARTZ
C17
100nF
CAGND
CADCLU
XLR23
TBD 0402
C221nF
CAGND
L5EMI BEA
DC14.47uF
CAGND
CAGND
C3V3A
4 31
52
U5AD8605ARTZ
C16
.1uF
C20TBD
C21TBD
R21
TBD 0402
R22
TBD 0402
CAGND
C3V3OP
C3V3OP
CAGND
C3V3OP
4 31
52
U7AD8605ARTZ
VDD
1
GND
2
NC3
EN4
NC5
IOUT6
U10
ISL29009IROZ-T7
C29100nF
R28
TBD 0402
CAGND
CAGND
4 31
52
U8AD8605ARTZ
C27
100nF
CAGND
CADCLU
XHR27
TBD 0402
C321nF
CAGND
C23
100nF
CAGND
4 31
52
U9AD8605ARTZ
C30TBD
C31TBD
R25
TBD 0402
R26
TBD 0402
CAGND
C3V3OP
C3V3OP
CAGND
C3V3OP
C13
100nF
CAGND
C18TBD
0603
C28TBD
0603
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
C3V3A
C3V3A
OPTIO
N
OPTIO
N
VDD
1
GND
2
NC3
EN4
NC5
IOUT6
U12
ISL29009IROZ-T7
C35100nF
C34TBD
0603
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
C3V3A
R30TBD
0402
CAGND
CAGND
4 31
52
U11AD
8605ARTZ
C33
100nF
CAGND
CADCLU
XNOFLT
R29
TBD 0402
C361nF
CAGND
C3V3OP
OPTIO
N
HI SPEED
LUX
C26
.1uF
PIC1301PIC1302
COC13
PIC1401 PIC1402COC14
PIC1501 PIC1502COC15
PIC1601PIC1602
COC16
PIC1701PIC1702
COC17
PIC1801 PIC1802COC18
PIC1901 PIC1902COC19
PIC2001PIC2002COC20
PIC2101PIC2102COC21
PIC2201 PIC2202COC22
PIC2301PIC2302
COC23
PIC2601PIC2602
COC26
PIC2701PIC2702
COC27
PIC2801 PIC2802COC28
PIC2901 PIC2902COC29
PIC3001PIC3002COC30
PIC3101PIC3102COC31
PIC3201 PIC3202COC32
PIC3301PIC3302
COC33
PIC3401 PIC3402COC34
PIC3501 PIC3502COC35
PIC3601 PIC3602COC36
PIL501PIL502
COL5
PIR2101PIR2102 C
OR21
PIR2201PIR2202 C
OR22
PIR2301PIR2302
COR23
PIR2401PIR2402 COR24
PIR2501PIR2502 CO
R25
PIR2601PIR2602 CO
R26
PIR2701PIR2702
COR27
PIR2801PIR2802 COR28
PIR2901PIR2902
COR29
PIR3001PIR3002 COR30
PIU301
PIU302
PIU303
PIU304
PIU305COU3
PIU401
PIU402
PIU403
PIU404
PIU405COU4
PIU501
PIU502
PIU503
PIU504
PIU505COU5
PIU601
PIU602
PIU603
PIU604
PIU605
PIU606
COU6
PIU701
PIU702
PIU703
PIU704
PIU705COU7
PIU801
PIU802
PIU803
PIU804
PIU805COU8
PIU901
PIU902
PIU903
PIU904
PIU905COU9
PIU1001
PIU1002
PIU1003PIU1004
PIU1005
PIU1006
COU10
PIU1101
PIU1102
PIU1103
PIU1104
PIU1105COU11
PIU1201
PIU1202
PIU1203PIU1204
PIU1205
PIU1206
COU12 PIC1402
PIC1802PIC1902
PIC2802PIC2902
PIC3402PIC3502
PIL501
PIU601
PIU1001
PIU1201
PIC1301
PIC1502
PIC1601
PIC1701
PIC2301
PIC2601
PIC2701
PIC3301
PIL502
PIU303
PIU305PIU405
PIU505
PIU703
PIU705PIU805
PIU905
PIU1105
PIC3202PIR2702
NLCADCLUXH
PIC2202PIR2302
NLCADCLUXL
PIC3602PIR2902
NLCADCLUXNOFLT
PIC1302PIC1401
PIC1501
PIC1602
PIC1702
PIC1801PIC1901
PIC2102PIC2201
PIC2302
PIC2602
PIC2702
PIC2801PIC2901
PIC3102PIC3201
PIC3302
PIC3401PIC3501
PIC3601PIR3002
PIU302PIU402
PIU502PIU602
PIU604
PIU702PIU802
PIU902PIU1002
PIU1004
PIU1102PIU1202
PIU1204
PIC2001
PIR2101PIR2202
PIC2002
PIU403
PIU501
PIU504
PIC2101
PIR2201PIU503
PIC3001
PIR2501PIR2602
PIC3002
PIU803
PIU901
PIU904
PIC3101
PIR2601PIU903
PIR2102
PIR2401
PIU301
PIR2301PIU401
PIU404
PIR2402
PIU304
PIU606
PIR2502
PIR2801
PIU701
PIR2701PIU801
PIU804
PIR2802
PIU704
PIU1006
PIR2901PIU1101
PIU1104PIR3001
PIU1103
PIU1206
PIU603
PIU605
PIU1003
PIU1005
PIU1203
PIU1205
B.1. LED Controller Hardware Schematics
92
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
Title
NumberRevision
SizeBDate:4/29/2010
Sheet ofFile:
C:\Documents and Settings\..\Sheet3.SchDoc
Drawn By:
TXD1
DTR2
RTS3
VCCIO4
RXD5
RI6
GND
7
NC8
DSR9
DCD10
CTS11
CBUS4
12
CBUS2
13
CBUS3
14
USBDP15
USBDM16
3V3OUT
17
GND
18
RST19
VCC20
GND
21
CBUS1
22CBU
S023
NC24
AGND
25
TEST26
OSCI27
OSCO28
U13
FT232RL
1234
SH5
J161729-1010BLFC37
10nF
CGND
L7 EMI BEA
D
C25100nF
CGND
CGND
CGND
R35
TBD 0402
CVCCIO
CVCCIO
R320
R340
CRX-SLAVE
CTX-SLAVE
D10HSM
G-C190
2.2V 0603 GRN
D11HSM
H-C190
1.8 0603 RED
R18TBD
0603R19TBD
0603
CVCCIOCVCCIO
USB / SERIAL
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
P691596-120LF
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
P791596-120LF
ZIGBEE IN
TERFACE
CRX-SLAVE
CTX-SLAVE
CDIO
12CRSTCRSSICD
IO11
CDTR*
CDIO
4CCTS*CSLEEP*CG
NDCA
SSOCCRTS*CD
IO3
CDIO
2CD
IO1
CCOM
MIS
CGND
C3V3INR31
0
R330
R36TBD
0603
D4HSMH-C190
CGND
CASSOC
1.8 0603 RED
CO
NTR
OLLER
P3
C3830pF
C3930pF
CGND
CGND
S3B3S-1000CCO
MM
IS
CGND
COM
MISSIO
N / A
SSOCIA
TEPIC2501 PIC2502
COC25
PIC3701PIC3702 C
OC37
PIC3801 PIC3802COC38PIC3901 PIC3902
COC39
PID401PID402COD4
PID1001PID1002COD10
PID1101PID1102COD11
PIJ101
PIJ102
PIJ103
PIJ104
PIJ105
COJ1PIL701
PIL702
COL7PIP601
PIP602
PIP603
PIP604
PIP605
PIP606
PIP607
PIP608
PIP609
PIP6010
PIP6011
PIP6012
PIP6013
PIP6014
PIP6015PIP6016
PIP6017PIP6018
PIP6019
PIP6020 COP6
PIP701
PIP702
PIP703
PIP704
PIP705
PIP706
PIP707
PIP708
PIP709
PIP7010
PIP7011
PIP7012
PIP7013
PIP7014
PIP7015PIP7016
PIP7017PIP7018
PIP7019
PIP7020 COP7
PIR1801 PIR1802COR18
PIR1901 PIR1902COR19
PIR3101PIR3102 COR31
PIR3201PIR3202 COR32
PIR3301PIR3302 CO
R33
PIR3401PIR3402 COR34
PIR3501PIR3502 COR35
PIR3601PIR3602 COR36
PIS301
PIS302
PIS303
PIS304
COS3
PIU1301
PIU1302
PIU1303
PIU1304
PIU1305
PIU1306
PIU1307
PIU1308
PIU1309
PIU13010
PIU13011
PIU13012
PIU13013
PIU13014
PIU13015
PIU13016
PIU13017
PIU13018
PIU13019
PIU13020
PIU13021
PIU13022
PIU13023
PIU13024
PIU13025
PIU13026
PIU13027
PIU13028 COU13
PIP601
PIP7012
PIR3601
NLCASSOC
PIP702
PIS304
NLCCOMMISPIP7018NLCCTS0
PIP704
NLCDIO1
PIP706
NLCDIO2
PIP708
NLCDIO3
PIP7020
NLCDIO4
PIP6013 NLCDIO11
PIP607 NLCDIO12
PIP6017 NLCDTR0
PIC2501
PIC3702
PIC3801PIC3901
PID402
PIJ104
PIP6019
PIP7014
PIS302
PIU1307
PIU13018
PIU13021
PIU13025
PIU13026
NLCGNDPIP6011 NLCRSSI
PIP609 NLCRST
PIP7010
NLCRTS0
PIR3101
PIR3201
NLCRX0SLAVE
PIP7016NLCSLEEP0
PIR3301
PIR3401
NLCTX0SLAVE
PIC2502
PID1001PID1101
PIR3501
PIU1304
PIU13017
NLCVCCIO
PIS303
PIS301
PIC3701
PIJ101
PIL701PIC3802
PIJ102PIU13016
PIC3902
PIJ103
PIU13015
PID401 PIR3602
PID1002PIR1802PID1102PIR1902
PIJ105
PIL702PIU13020
PIP602
PIP603
PIR3102
PIP604
PIP605
PIR3302PIP606
PIP608
PIP6010
PIP6012
PIP6014
PIP6015PIP6016
PIP6018
PIP6020
PIP701
PIP703
PIP705
PIP707
PIP709
PIP7011
PIP7013
PIP7015
PIP7017
PIP7019
PIR1801
PIU13023
PIR1901
PIU13022
PIR3202
PIU1301
PIR3402PIU1305
PIR3502PIU13014
PIU1302
PIU1303
PIU1306
PIU1308
PIU1309
PIU13010
PIU13011
PIU13012
PIU13013
PIU13019
PIU13024
PIU13027
PIU13028
B.1. LED Controller Hardware Schematics
93
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
Title
NumberRevision
SizeBDate:4/29/2010
Sheet ofFile:
C:\Documents and Settings\..\Sheet4.SchDoc
Drawn By:
VIN-1
VIN+3
5VREF4
CTL5
LED-
6
LED+
7U14
7021-D-E-500
Q3MM
BT3906
R37
TBD 0603
R40
TBD 0603
VIN-1
VIN+3
5VREF4
CTL5
LED-
6
LED+
7U15
7021-D-E-500
Q4MM
BT3906
R38
TBD 0603
R41
TBD 0603
VIN-1
VIN+3
5VREF4
CTL5
LED-
6
LED+
7U19
7021-D-E-500
Q7MM
BT3906
R44
TBD 0603
R46
TBD 0603
VIN-1
VIN+3
5VREF4
CTL5
LED-
6
LED+
7U18
7021-D-E-500
Q6MM
BT3906
R43
TBD 0603
R45
TBD 0603
VIN-1
VIN+3
5VREF4
CTL5
LED-
6
LED+
7U16
7021-D-E-500
Q5MM
BT3906
R39
TBD 0603
R42
TBD 0603
VLED
VLEDVLED VLED
VLED
LEDRTN
LEDRTN
LEDRTN
LEDRTN
LEDRTN
CRED
CREDRTN
CAM
B
CAM
BRTN
CBLU
CBLURTN
CGRN
CGRNRTN
CCYN
CCYNRTN
CREDPWM
CAM
BERPWM
CGREEN
PWM
CBLUEPWM
CCYAN
PWM
CO
NTR
OLLER
P4
VLEDSUPPLY
LEDRTN C48
22UF 25V X5R 1210
L8TBD
C4922UF 25V X5R 1210
LEDRTN
VLED
VIN1
2 VOUT
3
GND
U17R-78B5.0-1.0
24VREG
C4022UF 25V X5R 1210
CGND
C4122UF 25V X5R 1210
C4222UF 25V X5R 1210
CGND
CGND
5VREF
CGND
EN1
IN2
GND
3
OUT
4
NR/FB5
GND
6
U20
TPS79633
CGND
5VREFC432.2uF 6.3V X7R
C442.2uF 6.3V X7R
C452.2uF 6.3V X7R
CGND
C4610nF
CGND
C3V3IN
R48
0LED
RTNCG
ND
GN
D N
ET TIE
R47
0
CTNT M
ES
1 23J22.1mm ID x 5mm OD
LEDRTN
VLEDSUPPLY
6 - 30V IN
/ 5V O
UT BUCK
5V / 3.3V
LINEA
R
5 CHA
NN
EL LED D
RIVER
DESK
TOP PO
WER EN
TRY
F133V / 1.85A@25C
24VREG
t° RT1
FILT TBD
OPTIO
N
C4747uF 35V
PIC4001 PIC4002COC40
PIC4101 PIC4102COC41
PIC4201 PIC4202COC42
PIC4301PIC4302COC43
PIC4401 PIC4402COC44
PIC4501 PIC4502COC45
PIC4601 PIC4602COC46
PIC4701PIC4702COC47
PIC4801 PIC4802COC48
PIC4901 PIC4902COC49
PIF101
PIF102
COF1PIJ201
PIJ202
PIJ203
COJ2
PIL801PIL802
COL8
PIQ301 PIQ302PIQ303 COQ3
PIQ401 PIQ402PIQ403 COQ4
PIQ501 PIQ502PIQ503 COQ5
PIQ601 PIQ602PIQ603 COQ6
PIQ701 PIQ702PIQ703 COQ7
PIR3701PIR3702
COR37PIR3801
PIR3802COR38
PIR3901PIR3902
COR39
PIR4001PIR4002
COR40PIR4101
PIR4102COR41
PIR4201PIR4202
COR42
PIR4301PIR4302
COR43
PIR4401PIR4402
COR44
PIR4501PIR4502
COR45
PIR4601PIR4602
COR46
PIR4701PIR4702
COR47
PIR4801PIR4802
COR48
PIRT101PIRT102
CORT1
PIU1401
PIU1403
PIU1404
PIU1405
PIU1406
PIU1407
COU14
PIU1501
PIU1503
PIU1504
PIU1505
PIU1506
PIU1507
COU15
PIU1601
PIU1603
PIU1604
PIU1605
PIU1606
PIU1607
COU16
PIU1701
PIU1702
PIU1703
COU17
PIU1801
PIU1803
PIU1804
PIU1805
PIU1806
PIU1807
COU18
PIU1901
PIU1903
PIU1904
PIU1905PIU1906
PIU1907
COU19
PIU2001
PIU2002
PIU2003
PIU2004
PIU2005
PIU2006 COU20
PIC4102PIC4202
PIC4301
PIU1703
PIU2001
PIU2002
PIC4701PIC4802
PIF102
PIL801
PIRT101
PIR4702
PIU1907
NLCAMB
PIR4601NLCAMBERPWM
PIU1906NLCAMBRTN
PIU1507
NLCBLU
PIR4101NLCBLUEPWM
PIU1506
NLCBLURTN
PIR4201NLCCYANPWM
PIU1607NLCCYN
PIU1606
NLCCYNRTN
PIC4001PIC4101
PIC4201
PIC4302PIC4401
PIC4501PIC4601
PIR4802
PIU1702
PIU2003
PIU2006
PIR4501NLCGREENPWM
PIU1807NLCGRN
PIU1806
NLCGRNRTN
PIU1407
NLCRED
PIR4001NLCREDPWM
PIU1406
NLCREDRTN
PIC4702PIC4801
PIC4901
PIJ202
PIJ203
PIR4801
PIU1401PIU1501
PIU1601
PIU1801
PIU1901
PIC4002
PIRT102PIU1701
PIC4402PIC4502
PIR4701PIU2004
PIC4602PIU2005
PIQ301
PIR3701
PIR4002
PIQ302
PIR3702PIU1404
PIQ303
PIU1405
PIQ401
PIR3801
PIR4102
PIQ402
PIR3802PIU1504
PIQ403
PIU1505
PIQ501
PIR3901
PIR4202
PIQ502
PIR3902PIU1604
PIQ503
PIU1605
PIQ601
PIR4301
PIR4502
PIQ602
PIR4302PIU1804
PIQ603
PIU1805
PIQ701
PIR4401
PIR4602
PIQ702
PIR4402PIU1904
PIQ703
PIU1905
PIC4902
PIL802
PIU1403
PIU1503
PIU1603
PIU1803
PIU1903
PIF101
PIJ201
B.1. LED Controller Hardware Schematics
94
B.2. LED Controller PCB
B.2 LED Controller PCB
[follows on next page]
95
PAC101PAC102
COC1PAC201PAC202
COC2PAC301
PAC302COC3
PAC401PAC402
COC4PAC501
PAC502COC5
PAC601PAC602COC6
PAC701PAC702COC7
PAC801PAC802COC8
PAC901PAC902COC9
PAC1001
PAC1002
COC10
PAC1101PAC1102
COC11
PAC1201PAC1202
COC12
PAC1301PAC1302
COC13
PAC1402
PAC1401COC14PAC1501PAC1502
COC15
PAC1601PAC1602
COC16PAC1701PAC1702
COC17
PAC1802PAC1801
COC18
PAC1901PAC1902 COC19
PAC2001PAC2002
COC20PAC2101
PAC2102COC21
PAC2201PAC2202
COC22
PAC2301PAC2302
COC23
PAC2401PAC2402
COC24
PAC2501PAC2502
COC25
PAC2601
PAC2602COC26PAC2701
PAC2702COC27
PAC2802PAC2801
COC28
PAC2901PAC2902
COC29
PAC3001PAC3002COC30
PAC3101PAC3102
COC31
PAC3201PAC3202
COC32
PAC3301 PAC3302COC33
PAC3402PAC3401COC34
PAC3501PAC3502
COC35
PAC3601PAC3602
COC36
PAC3701PAC3702
COC37PAC3801PAC3802
COC38PAC3901
PAC3902COC39
PAC4001
PAC4002
COC40
PAC4102
PAC4101
COC41
PAC4202
PAC4201
COC42
PAC4301PAC4302
COC43
PAC4401PAC4402
COC44
PAC4501PAC4502
COC45
PAC4601PAC4602
COC46
PAC4701
PAC4702
COC47PAC4801
PAC4802
COC48PAC4901
PAC4902
COC49
PAD101
PAD102
COD1
PAD201
PAD202
COD2
PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD401
PAD402
COD4
PAD1001PAD1002
COD10
PAD1101PAD1102
COD11PAF101
PAF102
COF1PAH101
PAH103
PAH105PAH107PAH109PAH1011
PAH1013
PAH1015
PAH1017PAH1019PAH1021
PAH1023
PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049 PAH102
PAH104
PAH106PAH108PAH1010PAH1012
PAH1014
PAH1016
PAH1018PAH1020PAH1022
PAH1024
PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAJ105PAJ101PAJ102
PAJ103PAJ104
COJ1PAJ203
PAJ201PAJ202
COJ2
PAL102PAL101
COL1
PAL202PAL201
COL2
PAL302PAL301COL3
PAL402
PAL401COL4
PAL502PAL501
COL5
PAL702PAL701
COL7
PAL801PAL802 COL8
PAP1014
PAP1013
PAP1012
PAP1011
PAP1010
PAP109
PAP108
PAP107
PAP106
PAP105
PAP104
PAP103
PAP102
PAP101
COP1
PAP2012
PAP2011
PAP2010
PAP209
PAP208
PAP207
PAP206
PAP205
PAP204
PAP203
PAP202
PAP201
COP2
PAP3012PAP3011
PAP3010PAP309
PAP308PAP307
PAP306PAP305
PAP304PAP303
PAP302PAP301
COP3PAP4012
PAP4011
PAP4010
PAP409
PAP408
PAP407
PAP406
PAP405
PAP404
PAP403
PAP402
PAP401
COP4PAP5012
PAP5011PAP5010
PAP509PAP508
PAP507PAP506
PAP505PAP504
PAP503PAP502
PAP501
COP5
PAP60U1
PAP6020
PAP6018
PAP6016
PAP6014
PAP6012
PAP6010
PAP608
PAP606
PAP604
PAP602
PAP6019
PAP6017
PAP6015
PAP6013
PAP6011
PAP609
PAP607
PAP605
PAP603
PAP601
COP6
PAP70U1
PAP7020
PAP7018
PAP7016
PAP7014
PAP7012
PAP7010
PAP708
PAP706
PAP704
PAP702
PAP7019
PAP7017
PAP7015
PAP7013
PAP7011
PAP709
PAP707
PAP705
PAP703
PAP701
COP7
PAQ101PAQ102PAQ103
COQ1
PAQ203PAQ202
PAQ201
COQ2
PAQ301PAQ302
PAQ303
COQ3
PAQ403PAQ402
PAQ401
COQ4
PAQ501
PAQ502PAQ503COQ5
PAQ601PAQ602
PAQ603
COQ6
PAQ701PAQ702
PAQ703
COQ7
PAR102PAR101
COR1
PAR202PAR201
COR2
PAR302PAR301
COR3
PAR402PAR401COR4
PAR502PAR501
COR5
PAR602PAR601
COR6
PAR702PAR701
COR7
PAR802
PAR801
COR8
PAR902
PAR901
COR9
PAR1001PAR1002
COR10
PAR1102PAR1101
COR11PAR1202
PAR1201
COR12
PAR1302PAR1301
COR13
PAR1402PAR1401COR14
PAR1502PAR1501
COR15
PAR1702PAR1701
COR17
PAR1802PAR1801
COR18PAR1902PAR1901COR19
PAR2002PAR2001COR20
PAR2102
PAR2101COR21
PAR2202PAR2201
COR22
PAR2302PAR2301
COR23
PAR2401
PAR2402
COR24
PAR2502PAR2501
COR25
PAR2602PAR2601COR26PAR2702
PAR2701COR27
PAR2802PAR2801
COR28
PAR2902
PAR2901COR29 PAR3002
PAR3001COR30
PAR3101PAR3102
COR31
PAR3202PAR3201
COR32
PAR3301PAR3302
COR33
PAR3402PAR3401
COR34PAR3502PAR3501
COR35
PAR3602
PAR3601
COR36
PAR3702PAR3701COR37
PAR3802
PAR3801COR38PAR3902
PAR3901COR39
PAR4002
PAR4001COR40
PAR4102PAR4101 COR41PAR4202PAR4201
COR42
PAR4302PAR4301
COR43PAR4402
PAR4401
COR44
PAR4502
PAR4501COR45
PAR4602
PAR4601COR46
PAR4702
PAR4701COR47
PAR4802PAR4801
COR48
PART102
PART101
CORT1
PAS101
PAS103PAS104
PAS102 COS1
PAS203PAS202
PAS204PAS201
COS2
PAS301
PAS303PAS304
PAS302 COS3
PAU101PAU102
PAU103PAU104
PAU105
PAU106PAU107
PAU108PAU109
PAU1010PAU1011
PAU1012PAU1013PAU1014PAU1015PAU1016PAU1017PAU1018PAU1019PAU1020PAU1021PAU1022PAU1023PAU1024
PAU1025
PAU1026
PAU1027PAU1028
PAU1029PAU1030
PAU1031PAU1032
PAU1033
PAU1034PAU1035
PAU1036
PAU1037PAU1038
PAU1039PAU1040PAU1041
PAU1042PAU1043
PAU1044PAU1045PAU1046PAU1047
PAU1048COU1
PAU205PAU206PAU207PAU208
PAU204PAU203PAU202PAU201
COU2
PAU305PAU304PAU303
PAU302PAU301
COU3
PAU405PAU404PAU403
PAU402PAU401
COU4
PAU505PAU504PAU503
PAU502PAU501
COU5
PAU601
PAU606
PAU602PAU603
PAU605PAU604 PAU60HSCOU6
PAU705PAU704PAU703
PAU702PAU701
COU7
PAU805PAU804PAU803
PAU802PAU801
COU8
PAU905PAU904PAU903
PAU902PAU901
COU9
PAU1001
PAU1006
PAU1002PAU1003
PAU1005PAU1004
PAU100HSCOU10
PAU1105PAU1104PAU1103
PAU1102PAU1101
COU11
PAU1201
PAU1206PAU1202PAU1203
PAU1205PAU1204PAU120HS COU12
PAU1301PAU1302PAU1303PAU1304PAU1305PAU1306PAU1307PAU1308PAU1309PAU13010PAU13011PAU13012PAU13013PAU13014
PAU13028PAU13027PAU13026PAU13025PAU13024PAU13023PAU13022PAU13021PAU13020PAU13019PAU13018PAU13017PAU13016PAU13015
COU13
PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405PAU1404PAU1403PAU1401
COU14
PAU1501PAU1503
PAU1504PAU1505
PAU1506PAU1507
COU15
PAU1601PAU1603
PAU1604PAU1605
PAU1606PAU1607
COU16 PAU1701PAU1702PAU1703
COU17
PAU1801PAU1803
PAU1804PAU1805
PAU1806PAU1807
COU18
PAU1901PAU1903
PAU1904PAU1905
PAU1906PAU1907
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAC4802
PAF102
PAL801
PART101
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP204
PAU104
PAP206PAU106
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018PAC602
PAC702PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802
PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501
PAP2011
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102PAP402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAL302
PAP601
PAR202
PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602PAR1102
PAR1202
PAR1402
PAR4702
PAU208
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601
PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601
PAC2701PAC3301
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305
PAU405 PAU505
PAU703PAU705
PAU805 PAU905
PAU1105
PAC3202PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602
PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602
PAC2702
PAC2801
PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201
PAC3302
PAC3401
PAC3501
PAC3601
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAU1012
PAU302
PAU402 PAU502 PAU602
PAU604
PAU702
PAU802 PAU902 PAU1002 PAU1004
PAU1102 PAU1202 PAU1204
PAH107PAH108PAH109
PAU1907
PAP504
PAR4601
PAU1040
PAH1010PAH1011PAH1012
PAU1906
PAP7012
PAR3601
PAH1013PAH1014
PAH1015
PAU1507PAP408
PAR4101PAU1029
PAH1016
PAH1017PAH1018
PAU1506
PAP702
PAS304
PAP7018
PAP409PAR4201
PAU1028
PAH1025PAH1026
PAH1027PAU1607
PAH1028
PAH1029PAH1030PAU1606
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
PAP7020
PAP6013
PAP607
PAP6017
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAH1046PAR102
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAD402
PAH1031
PAH1041
PAH1045
PAJ104PAJ105
PAL401
PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6019
PAP7014
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701
PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAU1033
PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1702
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAP501
PAR4501
PAU1037
PAH1019PAH1020PAH1021
PAU1807
PAH1022
PAH1023PAH1024
PAU1806
PAH1043 PAH1040PAR401
PAP505
PAQ201
PAU1041
PAP308
PAU1017
PAU206
PAP105
PAH101PAH102
PAH103
PAU1407
PAP503
PAR4001
PAU1039
PAH104
PAH105PAH106
PAU1406
PAP6011
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP609
PAR1401PAS104
PAU103
PAP7010
PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
PAH1034PAR201
PAH1033PAR301
PAH1036PAP4011
PAU1026
PAH1035
PAP301
PAU1024
PAH1047
PAP401
PAR601
PAU1036
PAH1039
PAP406
PAR501
PAU1031
PAP7016
PAP3011
PAQ101
PAU1014
PAH1048
PAP309
PAU1016
PAH1037
PAU201
PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
PAU1020
PAP107
PAP303
PAR1502
PAR2002PAS202
PAU1022
PAH1044
PAP5011
PAU1047
PAU202
PAP101
PAP304
PAU1021
PAP102
PAP202
PAR1302
PAU102
PAP201
PAR3301
PAR3401
PAU101
PAC2502
PAD1001PAD1101
PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502
PAU1038
PAC4702
PAC4801
PAC4901
PAJ202PAJ203
PAR4801
PAU1401
PAU1501PAU1601
PAU1801
PAU1901
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
PAC902PAU1032
PAC1002
PAU1043PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
PAU501PAU504PAC2101
PAR2201
PAU503PAC3001
PAR2501
PAR2602PAC3002PAU803
PAU901PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601
PAU903
PAC3701
PAJ101
PAL701
PAC3802
PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002 PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAH1038PAL301
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP603PAR3102
PAP605PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ301PAR3701
PAR4002PAQ302PAR3702
PAU1404
PAQ303
PAU1405
PAQ401PAR3801 PAR4102
PAQ402PAR3802
PAU1504PAQ403
PAU1505
PAQ501PAR3901 PAR4202
PAQ502PAR3902
PAU1604
PAQ503
PAU1605
PAQ601PAR4301
PAR4502PAQ602
PAR4302
PAU1804
PAQ603
PAU1805
PAQ701PAR4401
PAR4602PAQ702
PAR4402PAU1904
PAQ703
PAU1905
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102
PAR2401
PAU301
PAR2301
PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502
PAR2801PAU701
PAR2701
PAU801PAU804
PAR2802PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301
PAR3402 PAU1305
PAR3502
PAU13014
PAH1032
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAC4902 PAL802
PAU1403
PAU1503PAU1603
PAU1803
PAU1903
PAF101
PAJ201
B.2. LED Controller PCB
96
PAC101PAC102
COC1PAC201PAC202
COC2PAC301
PAC302COC3
PAC401PAC402
COC4PAC501
PAC502COC5
PAC601PAC602COC6
PAC701PAC702COC7
PAC801PAC802COC8
PAC901PAC902COC9
PAC1001
PAC1002
COC10
PAC1101PAC1102
COC11
PAC1201PAC1202
COC12
PAC1301PAC1302
COC13
PAC1402
PAC1401COC14PAC1501PAC1502
COC15
PAC1601PAC1602
COC16PAC1701PAC1702
COC17
PAC1802PAC1801
COC18
PAC1901PAC1902 COC19
PAC2001PAC2002
COC20PAC2101
PAC2102COC21
PAC2201PAC2202
COC22
PAC2301PAC2302
COC23
PAC2401PAC2402
COC24
PAC2501PAC2502
COC25
PAC2601
PAC2602COC26PAC2701
PAC2702COC27
PAC2802PAC2801
COC28
PAC2901PAC2902
COC29
PAC3001PAC3002COC30
PAC3101PAC3102
COC31
PAC3201PAC3202
COC32
PAC3301 PAC3302COC33
PAC3402PAC3401COC34
PAC3501PAC3502
COC35
PAC3601PAC3602
COC36
PAC3701PAC3702
COC37PAC3801PAC3802
COC38PAC3901
PAC3902COC39
PAC4001
PAC4002
COC40
PAC4102
PAC4101
COC41
PAC4202
PAC4201
COC42
PAC4301PAC4302
COC43
PAC4401PAC4402
COC44
PAC4501PAC4502
COC45
PAC4601PAC4602
COC46
PAC4701
PAC4702
COC47PAC4801
PAC4802
COC48PAC4901
PAC4902
COC49
PAD101
PAD102
COD1
PAD201
PAD202
COD2
PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD401
PAD402
COD4
PAD1001PAD1002
COD10
PAD1101PAD1102
COD11PAF101
PAF102
COF1PAH101
PAH103
PAH105PAH107PAH109PAH1011
PAH1013
PAH1015
PAH1017PAH1019PAH1021
PAH1023
PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049 PAH102
PAH104
PAH106PAH108PAH1010PAH1012
PAH1014
PAH1016
PAH1018PAH1020PAH1022
PAH1024
PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAJ105PAJ101PAJ102
PAJ103PAJ104
COJ1PAJ203
PAJ201PAJ202
COJ2
PAL102PAL101
COL1
PAL202PAL201
COL2
PAL302PAL301COL3
PAL402
PAL401COL4
PAL502PAL501
COL5
PAL702PAL701
COL7
PAL801PAL802 COL8
PAP1014
PAP1013
PAP1012
PAP1011
PAP1010
PAP109
PAP108
PAP107
PAP106
PAP105
PAP104
PAP103
PAP102
PAP101
COP1
PAP2012
PAP2011
PAP2010
PAP209
PAP208
PAP207
PAP206
PAP205
PAP204
PAP203
PAP202
PAP201
COP2
PAP3012PAP3011
PAP3010PAP309
PAP308PAP307
PAP306PAP305
PAP304PAP303
PAP302PAP301
COP3PAP4012
PAP4011
PAP4010
PAP409
PAP408
PAP407
PAP406
PAP405
PAP404
PAP403
PAP402
PAP401
COP4PAP5012
PAP5011PAP5010
PAP509PAP508
PAP507PAP506
PAP505PAP504
PAP503PAP502
PAP501
COP5
PAP60U1
PAP6020
PAP6018
PAP6016
PAP6014
PAP6012
PAP6010
PAP608
PAP606
PAP604
PAP602
PAP6019
PAP6017
PAP6015
PAP6013
PAP6011
PAP609
PAP607
PAP605
PAP603
PAP601
COP6
PAP70U1
PAP7020
PAP7018
PAP7016
PAP7014
PAP7012
PAP7010
PAP708
PAP706
PAP704
PAP702
PAP7019
PAP7017
PAP7015
PAP7013
PAP7011
PAP709
PAP707
PAP705
PAP703
PAP701
COP7
PAQ101PAQ102PAQ103
COQ1
PAQ203PAQ202
PAQ201
COQ2
PAQ301PAQ302
PAQ303
COQ3
PAQ403PAQ402
PAQ401
COQ4
PAQ501
PAQ502PAQ503COQ5
PAQ601PAQ602
PAQ603
COQ6
PAQ701PAQ702
PAQ703
COQ7
PAR102PAR101
COR1
PAR202PAR201
COR2
PAR302PAR301
COR3
PAR402PAR401COR4
PAR502PAR501
COR5
PAR602PAR601
COR6
PAR702PAR701
COR7
PAR802
PAR801
COR8
PAR902
PAR901
COR9
PAR1001PAR1002
COR10
PAR1102PAR1101
COR11PAR1202
PAR1201
COR12
PAR1302PAR1301
COR13
PAR1402PAR1401COR14
PAR1502PAR1501
COR15
PAR1702PAR1701
COR17
PAR1802PAR1801
COR18PAR1902PAR1901COR19
PAR2002PAR2001COR20
PAR2102
PAR2101COR21
PAR2202PAR2201
COR22
PAR2302PAR2301
COR23
PAR2401
PAR2402
COR24
PAR2502PAR2501
COR25
PAR2602PAR2601COR26PAR2702
PAR2701COR27
PAR2802PAR2801
COR28
PAR2902
PAR2901COR29 PAR3002
PAR3001COR30
PAR3101PAR3102
COR31
PAR3202PAR3201
COR32
PAR3301PAR3302
COR33
PAR3402PAR3401
COR34PAR3502PAR3501
COR35
PAR3602
PAR3601
COR36
PAR3702PAR3701COR37
PAR3802
PAR3801COR38PAR3902
PAR3901COR39
PAR4002
PAR4001COR40
PAR4102PAR4101 COR41PAR4202PAR4201
COR42
PAR4302PAR4301
COR43PAR4402
PAR4401
COR44
PAR4502
PAR4501COR45
PAR4602
PAR4601COR46
PAR4702
PAR4701COR47
PAR4802PAR4801
COR48
PART102
PART101
CORT1
PAS101
PAS103PAS104
PAS102 COS1
PAS203PAS202
PAS204PAS201
COS2
PAS301
PAS303PAS304
PAS302 COS3
PAU101PAU102
PAU103PAU104
PAU105
PAU106PAU107
PAU108PAU109
PAU1010PAU1011
PAU1012PAU1013PAU1014PAU1015PAU1016PAU1017PAU1018PAU1019PAU1020PAU1021PAU1022PAU1023PAU1024
PAU1025
PAU1026
PAU1027PAU1028
PAU1029PAU1030
PAU1031PAU1032
PAU1033
PAU1034PAU1035
PAU1036
PAU1037PAU1038
PAU1039PAU1040PAU1041
PAU1042PAU1043
PAU1044PAU1045PAU1046PAU1047
PAU1048COU1
PAU205PAU206PAU207PAU208
PAU204PAU203PAU202PAU201
COU2
PAU305PAU304PAU303
PAU302PAU301
COU3
PAU405PAU404PAU403
PAU402PAU401
COU4
PAU505PAU504PAU503
PAU502PAU501
COU5
PAU601
PAU606
PAU602PAU603
PAU605PAU604 PAU60HSCOU6
PAU705PAU704PAU703
PAU702PAU701
COU7
PAU805PAU804PAU803
PAU802PAU801
COU8
PAU905PAU904PAU903
PAU902PAU901
COU9
PAU1001
PAU1006
PAU1002PAU1003
PAU1005PAU1004
PAU100HSCOU10
PAU1105PAU1104PAU1103
PAU1102PAU1101
COU11
PAU1201
PAU1206PAU1202PAU1203
PAU1205PAU1204PAU120HS COU12
PAU1301PAU1302PAU1303PAU1304PAU1305PAU1306PAU1307PAU1308PAU1309PAU13010PAU13011PAU13012PAU13013PAU13014
PAU13028PAU13027PAU13026PAU13025PAU13024PAU13023PAU13022PAU13021PAU13020PAU13019PAU13018PAU13017PAU13016PAU13015
COU13
PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405PAU1404PAU1403PAU1401
COU14
PAU1501PAU1503
PAU1504PAU1505
PAU1506PAU1507
COU15
PAU1601PAU1603
PAU1604PAU1605
PAU1606PAU1607
COU16 PAU1701PAU1702PAU1703
COU17
PAU1801PAU1803
PAU1804PAU1805
PAU1806PAU1807
COU18
PAU1901PAU1903
PAU1904PAU1905
PAU1906PAU1907
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAC4802
PAF102
PAL801
PART101
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP204
PAU104
PAP206PAU106
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018PAC602
PAC702PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802
PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501
PAP2011
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102PAP402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAL302
PAP601
PAR202
PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602PAR1102
PAR1202
PAR1402
PAR4702
PAU208
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601
PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601
PAC2701PAC3301
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305
PAU405 PAU505
PAU703PAU705
PAU805 PAU905
PAU1105
PAC3202PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602
PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602
PAC2702
PAC2801
PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201
PAC3302
PAC3401
PAC3501
PAC3601
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAU1012
PAU302
PAU402 PAU502 PAU602
PAU604
PAU702
PAU802 PAU902 PAU1002 PAU1004
PAU1102 PAU1202 PAU1204
PAH107PAH108PAH109
PAU1907
PAP504
PAR4601
PAU1040
PAH1010PAH1011PAH1012
PAU1906
PAP7012
PAR3601
PAH1013PAH1014
PAH1015
PAU1507PAP408
PAR4101PAU1029
PAH1016
PAH1017PAH1018
PAU1506
PAP702
PAS304
PAP7018
PAP409PAR4201
PAU1028
PAH1025PAH1026
PAH1027PAU1607
PAH1028
PAH1029PAH1030PAU1606
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
PAP7020
PAP6013
PAP607
PAP6017
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAH1046PAR102
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAD402
PAH1031
PAH1041
PAH1045
PAJ104PAJ105
PAL401
PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6019
PAP7014
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701
PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAU1033
PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1702
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAP501
PAR4501
PAU1037
PAH1019PAH1020PAH1021
PAU1807
PAH1022
PAH1023PAH1024
PAU1806
PAH1043 PAH1040PAR401
PAP505
PAQ201
PAU1041
PAP308
PAU1017
PAU206
PAP105
PAH101PAH102
PAH103
PAU1407
PAP503
PAR4001
PAU1039
PAH104
PAH105PAH106
PAU1406
PAP6011
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP609
PAR1401PAS104
PAU103
PAP7010
PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
PAH1034PAR201
PAH1033PAR301
PAH1036PAP4011
PAU1026
PAH1035
PAP301
PAU1024
PAH1047
PAP401
PAR601
PAU1036
PAH1039
PAP406
PAR501
PAU1031
PAP7016
PAP3011
PAQ101
PAU1014
PAH1048
PAP309
PAU1016
PAH1037
PAU201
PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
PAU1020
PAP107
PAP303
PAR1502
PAR2002PAS202
PAU1022
PAH1044
PAP5011
PAU1047
PAU202
PAP101
PAP304
PAU1021
PAP102
PAP202
PAR1302
PAU102
PAP201
PAR3301
PAR3401
PAU101
PAC2502
PAD1001PAD1101
PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502
PAU1038
PAC4702
PAC4801
PAC4901
PAJ202PAJ203
PAR4801
PAU1401
PAU1501PAU1601
PAU1801
PAU1901
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
PAC902PAU1032
PAC1002
PAU1043PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
PAU501PAU504PAC2101
PAR2201
PAU503PAC3001
PAR2501
PAR2602PAC3002PAU803
PAU901PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601
PAU903
PAC3701
PAJ101
PAL701
PAC3802
PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002 PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAH1038PAL301
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP603PAR3102
PAP605PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ301PAR3701
PAR4002PAQ302PAR3702
PAU1404
PAQ303
PAU1405
PAQ401PAR3801 PAR4102
PAQ402PAR3802
PAU1504PAQ403
PAU1505
PAQ501PAR3901 PAR4202
PAQ502PAR3902
PAU1604
PAQ503
PAU1605
PAQ601PAR4301
PAR4502PAQ602
PAR4302
PAU1804
PAQ603
PAU1805
PAQ701PAR4401
PAR4602PAQ702
PAR4402PAU1904
PAQ703
PAU1905
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102
PAR2401
PAU301
PAR2301
PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502
PAR2801PAU701
PAR2701
PAU801PAU804
PAR2802PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301
PAR3402 PAU1305
PAR3502
PAU13014
PAH1032
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAC4902 PAL802
PAU1403
PAU1503PAU1603
PAU1803
PAU1903
PAF101
PAJ201
B.2. LED Controller PCB
97
PAC101PAC102
COC1PAC201PAC202
COC2PAC301
PAC302COC3
PAC401PAC402
COC4PAC501
PAC502COC5
PAC601PAC602COC6
PAC701PAC702COC7
PAC801PAC802COC8
PAC901PAC902COC9
PAC1001
PAC1002
COC10
PAC1101PAC1102
COC11
PAC1201PAC1202
COC12
PAC1301PAC1302
COC13
PAC1402
PAC1401COC14PAC1501PAC1502
COC15
PAC1601PAC1602
COC16PAC1701PAC1702
COC17
PAC1802PAC1801
COC18
PAC1901PAC1902 COC19
PAC2001PAC2002
COC20PAC2101
PAC2102COC21
PAC2201PAC2202
COC22
PAC2301PAC2302
COC23
PAC2401PAC2402
COC24
PAC2501PAC2502
COC25
PAC2601
PAC2602COC26PAC2701
PAC2702COC27
PAC2802PAC2801
COC28
PAC2901PAC2902
COC29
PAC3001PAC3002COC30
PAC3101PAC3102
COC31
PAC3201PAC3202
COC32
PAC3301 PAC3302COC33
PAC3402PAC3401COC34
PAC3501PAC3502
COC35
PAC3601PAC3602
COC36
PAC3701PAC3702
COC37PAC3801PAC3802
COC38PAC3901
PAC3902COC39
PAC4001
PAC4002
COC40
PAC4102
PAC4101
COC41
PAC4202
PAC4201
COC42
PAC4301PAC4302
COC43
PAC4401PAC4402
COC44
PAC4501PAC4502
COC45
PAC4601PAC4602
COC46
PAC4701
PAC4702
COC47PAC4801
PAC4802
COC48PAC4901
PAC4902
COC49
PAD101
PAD102
COD1
PAD201
PAD202
COD2
PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD401
PAD402
COD4
PAD1001PAD1002
COD10
PAD1101PAD1102
COD11PAF101
PAF102
COF1PAH101
PAH103
PAH105PAH107PAH109PAH1011
PAH1013
PAH1015
PAH1017PAH1019PAH1021
PAH1023
PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049 PAH102
PAH104
PAH106PAH108PAH1010PAH1012
PAH1014
PAH1016
PAH1018PAH1020PAH1022
PAH1024
PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAJ105PAJ101PAJ102
PAJ103PAJ104
COJ1PAJ203
PAJ201PAJ202
COJ2
PAL102PAL101
COL1
PAL202PAL201
COL2
PAL302PAL301COL3
PAL402
PAL401COL4
PAL502PAL501
COL5
PAL702PAL701
COL7
PAL801PAL802 COL8
PAP1014
PAP1013
PAP1012
PAP1011
PAP1010
PAP109
PAP108
PAP107
PAP106
PAP105
PAP104
PAP103
PAP102
PAP101
COP1
PAP2012
PAP2011
PAP2010
PAP209
PAP208
PAP207
PAP206
PAP205
PAP204
PAP203
PAP202
PAP201
COP2
PAP3012PAP3011
PAP3010PAP309
PAP308PAP307
PAP306PAP305
PAP304PAP303
PAP302PAP301
COP3PAP4012
PAP4011
PAP4010
PAP409
PAP408
PAP407
PAP406
PAP405
PAP404
PAP403
PAP402
PAP401
COP4PAP5012
PAP5011PAP5010
PAP509PAP508
PAP507PAP506
PAP505PAP504
PAP503PAP502
PAP501
COP5
PAP60U1
PAP6020
PAP6018
PAP6016
PAP6014
PAP6012
PAP6010
PAP608
PAP606
PAP604
PAP602
PAP6019
PAP6017
PAP6015
PAP6013
PAP6011
PAP609
PAP607
PAP605
PAP603
PAP601
COP6
PAP70U1
PAP7020
PAP7018
PAP7016
PAP7014
PAP7012
PAP7010
PAP708
PAP706
PAP704
PAP702
PAP7019
PAP7017
PAP7015
PAP7013
PAP7011
PAP709
PAP707
PAP705
PAP703
PAP701
COP7
PAQ101PAQ102PAQ103
COQ1
PAQ203PAQ202
PAQ201
COQ2
PAQ301PAQ302
PAQ303
COQ3
PAQ403PAQ402
PAQ401
COQ4
PAQ501
PAQ502PAQ503COQ5
PAQ601PAQ602
PAQ603
COQ6
PAQ701PAQ702
PAQ703
COQ7
PAR102PAR101
COR1
PAR202PAR201
COR2
PAR302PAR301
COR3
PAR402PAR401COR4
PAR502PAR501
COR5
PAR602PAR601
COR6
PAR702PAR701
COR7
PAR802
PAR801
COR8
PAR902
PAR901
COR9
PAR1001PAR1002
COR10
PAR1102PAR1101
COR11PAR1202
PAR1201
COR12
PAR1302PAR1301
COR13
PAR1402PAR1401COR14
PAR1502PAR1501
COR15
PAR1702PAR1701
COR17
PAR1802PAR1801
COR18PAR1902PAR1901COR19
PAR2002PAR2001COR20
PAR2102
PAR2101COR21
PAR2202PAR2201
COR22
PAR2302PAR2301
COR23
PAR2401
PAR2402
COR24
PAR2502PAR2501
COR25
PAR2602PAR2601COR26PAR2702
PAR2701COR27
PAR2802PAR2801
COR28
PAR2902
PAR2901COR29 PAR3002
PAR3001COR30
PAR3101PAR3102
COR31
PAR3202PAR3201
COR32
PAR3301PAR3302
COR33
PAR3402PAR3401
COR34PAR3502PAR3501
COR35
PAR3602
PAR3601
COR36
PAR3702PAR3701COR37
PAR3802
PAR3801COR38PAR3902
PAR3901COR39
PAR4002
PAR4001COR40
PAR4102PAR4101 COR41PAR4202PAR4201
COR42
PAR4302PAR4301
COR43PAR4402
PAR4401
COR44
PAR4502
PAR4501COR45
PAR4602
PAR4601COR46
PAR4702
PAR4701COR47
PAR4802PAR4801
COR48
PART102
PART101
CORT1
PAS101
PAS103PAS104
PAS102 COS1
PAS203PAS202
PAS204PAS201
COS2
PAS301
PAS303PAS304
PAS302 COS3
PAU101PAU102
PAU103PAU104
PAU105
PAU106PAU107
PAU108PAU109
PAU1010PAU1011
PAU1012PAU1013PAU1014PAU1015PAU1016PAU1017PAU1018PAU1019PAU1020PAU1021PAU1022PAU1023PAU1024
PAU1025
PAU1026
PAU1027PAU1028
PAU1029PAU1030
PAU1031PAU1032
PAU1033
PAU1034PAU1035
PAU1036
PAU1037PAU1038
PAU1039PAU1040PAU1041
PAU1042PAU1043
PAU1044PAU1045PAU1046PAU1047
PAU1048COU1
PAU205PAU206PAU207PAU208
PAU204PAU203PAU202PAU201
COU2
PAU305PAU304PAU303
PAU302PAU301
COU3
PAU405PAU404PAU403
PAU402PAU401
COU4
PAU505PAU504PAU503
PAU502PAU501
COU5
PAU601
PAU606
PAU602PAU603
PAU605PAU604 PAU60HSCOU6
PAU705PAU704PAU703
PAU702PAU701
COU7
PAU805PAU804PAU803
PAU802PAU801
COU8
PAU905PAU904PAU903
PAU902PAU901
COU9
PAU1001
PAU1006
PAU1002PAU1003
PAU1005PAU1004
PAU100HSCOU10
PAU1105PAU1104PAU1103
PAU1102PAU1101
COU11
PAU1201
PAU1206PAU1202PAU1203
PAU1205PAU1204PAU120HS COU12
PAU1301PAU1302PAU1303PAU1304PAU1305PAU1306PAU1307PAU1308PAU1309PAU13010PAU13011PAU13012PAU13013PAU13014
PAU13028PAU13027PAU13026PAU13025PAU13024PAU13023PAU13022PAU13021PAU13020PAU13019PAU13018PAU13017PAU13016PAU13015
COU13
PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405PAU1404PAU1403PAU1401
COU14
PAU1501PAU1503
PAU1504PAU1505
PAU1506PAU1507
COU15
PAU1601PAU1603
PAU1604PAU1605
PAU1606PAU1607
COU16 PAU1701PAU1702PAU1703
COU17
PAU1801PAU1803
PAU1804PAU1805
PAU1806PAU1807
COU18
PAU1901PAU1903
PAU1904PAU1905
PAU1906PAU1907
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAC4802
PAF102
PAL801
PART101
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP204
PAU104
PAP206PAU106
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018PAC602
PAC702PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802
PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501
PAP2011
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102PAP402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAL302
PAP601
PAR202
PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602PAR1102
PAR1202
PAR1402
PAR4702
PAU208
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601
PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601
PAC2701PAC3301
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305
PAU405 PAU505
PAU703PAU705
PAU805 PAU905
PAU1105
PAC3202PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602
PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602
PAC2702
PAC2801
PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201
PAC3302
PAC3401
PAC3501
PAC3601
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAU1012
PAU302
PAU402 PAU502 PAU602
PAU604
PAU702
PAU802 PAU902 PAU1002 PAU1004
PAU1102 PAU1202 PAU1204
PAH107PAH108PAH109
PAU1907
PAP504
PAR4601
PAU1040
PAH1010PAH1011PAH1012
PAU1906
PAP7012
PAR3601
PAH1013PAH1014
PAH1015
PAU1507PAP408
PAR4101PAU1029
PAH1016
PAH1017PAH1018
PAU1506
PAP702
PAS304
PAP7018
PAP409PAR4201
PAU1028
PAH1025PAH1026
PAH1027PAU1607
PAH1028
PAH1029PAH1030PAU1606
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
PAP7020
PAP6013
PAP607
PAP6017
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAH1046PAR102
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
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PAH1041
PAH1045
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PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6019
PAP7014
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701
PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
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PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
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PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1702
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAP501
PAR4501
PAU1037
PAH1019PAH1020PAH1021
PAU1807
PAH1022
PAH1023PAH1024
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PAP308
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PAU206
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PAH103
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PAP503
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PAH104
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PAP6011
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP609
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PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
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PAH1033PAR301
PAH1036PAP4011
PAU1026
PAH1035
PAP301
PAU1024
PAH1047
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PAR601
PAU1036
PAH1039
PAP406
PAR501
PAU1031
PAP7016
PAP3011
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PAP309
PAU1016
PAH1037
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PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
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PAP107
PAP303
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PAR2002PAS202
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PAU102
PAP201
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PAR3401
PAU101
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PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502
PAU1038
PAC4702
PAC4801
PAC4901
PAJ202PAJ203
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PAU1501PAU1601
PAU1801
PAU1901
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
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PAC1002
PAU1043PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
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PAR2602PAC3002PAU803
PAU901PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601
PAU903
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PAJ101
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PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002 PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAH1038PAL301
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP603PAR3102
PAP605PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ301PAR3701
PAR4002PAQ302PAR3702
PAU1404
PAQ303
PAU1405
PAQ401PAR3801 PAR4102
PAQ402PAR3802
PAU1504PAQ403
PAU1505
PAQ501PAR3901 PAR4202
PAQ502PAR3902
PAU1604
PAQ503
PAU1605
PAQ601PAR4301
PAR4502PAQ602
PAR4302
PAU1804
PAQ603
PAU1805
PAQ701PAR4401
PAR4602PAQ702
PAR4402PAU1904
PAQ703
PAU1905
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102
PAR2401
PAU301
PAR2301
PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502
PAR2801PAU701
PAR2701
PAU801PAU804
PAR2802PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301
PAR3402 PAU1305
PAR3502
PAU13014
PAH1032
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAC4902 PAL802
PAU1403
PAU1503PAU1603
PAU1803
PAU1903
PAF101
PAJ201
B.2. LED Controller PCB
98
PAC101PAC102
COC1PAC201PAC202
COC2PAC301
PAC302COC3
PAC401PAC402
COC4PAC501
PAC502COC5
PAC601PAC602COC6
PAC701PAC702COC7
PAC801PAC802COC8
PAC901PAC902COC9
PAC1001
PAC1002
COC10
PAC1101PAC1102
COC11
PAC1201PAC1202
COC12
PAC1301PAC1302
COC13
PAC1402
PAC1401COC14PAC1501PAC1502
COC15
PAC1601PAC1602
COC16PAC1701PAC1702
COC17
PAC1802PAC1801
COC18
PAC1901PAC1902 COC19
PAC2001PAC2002
COC20PAC2101
PAC2102COC21
PAC2201PAC2202
COC22
PAC2301PAC2302
COC23
PAC2401PAC2402
COC24
PAC2501PAC2502
COC25
PAC2601
PAC2602COC26PAC2701
PAC2702COC27
PAC2802PAC2801
COC28
PAC2901PAC2902
COC29
PAC3001PAC3002COC30
PAC3101PAC3102
COC31
PAC3201PAC3202
COC32
PAC3301 PAC3302COC33
PAC3402PAC3401COC34
PAC3501PAC3502
COC35
PAC3601PAC3602
COC36
PAC3701PAC3702
COC37PAC3801PAC3802
COC38PAC3901
PAC3902COC39
PAC4001
PAC4002
COC40
PAC4102
PAC4101
COC41
PAC4202
PAC4201
COC42
PAC4301PAC4302
COC43
PAC4401PAC4402
COC44
PAC4501PAC4502
COC45
PAC4601PAC4602
COC46
PAC4701
PAC4702
COC47PAC4801
PAC4802
COC48PAC4901
PAC4902
COC49
PAD101
PAD102
COD1
PAD201
PAD202
COD2
PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD401
PAD402
COD4
PAD1001PAD1002
COD10
PAD1101PAD1102
COD11PAF101
PAF102
COF1PAH101
PAH103
PAH105PAH107PAH109PAH1011
PAH1013
PAH1015
PAH1017PAH1019PAH1021
PAH1023
PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049 PAH102
PAH104
PAH106PAH108PAH1010PAH1012
PAH1014
PAH1016
PAH1018PAH1020PAH1022
PAH1024
PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAJ105PAJ101PAJ102
PAJ103PAJ104
COJ1PAJ203
PAJ201PAJ202
COJ2
PAL102PAL101
COL1
PAL202PAL201
COL2
PAL302PAL301COL3
PAL402
PAL401COL4
PAL502PAL501
COL5
PAL702PAL701
COL7
PAL801PAL802 COL8
PAP1014
PAP1013
PAP1012
PAP1011
PAP1010
PAP109
PAP108
PAP107
PAP106
PAP105
PAP104
PAP103
PAP102
PAP101
COP1
PAP2012
PAP2011
PAP2010
PAP209
PAP208
PAP207
PAP206
PAP205
PAP204
PAP203
PAP202
PAP201
COP2
PAP3012PAP3011
PAP3010PAP309
PAP308PAP307
PAP306PAP305
PAP304PAP303
PAP302PAP301
COP3PAP4012
PAP4011
PAP4010
PAP409
PAP408
PAP407
PAP406
PAP405
PAP404
PAP403
PAP402
PAP401
COP4PAP5012
PAP5011PAP5010
PAP509PAP508
PAP507PAP506
PAP505PAP504
PAP503PAP502
PAP501
COP5
PAP60U1
PAP6020
PAP6018
PAP6016
PAP6014
PAP6012
PAP6010
PAP608
PAP606
PAP604
PAP602
PAP6019
PAP6017
PAP6015
PAP6013
PAP6011
PAP609
PAP607
PAP605
PAP603
PAP601
COP6
PAP70U1
PAP7020
PAP7018
PAP7016
PAP7014
PAP7012
PAP7010
PAP708
PAP706
PAP704
PAP702
PAP7019
PAP7017
PAP7015
PAP7013
PAP7011
PAP709
PAP707
PAP705
PAP703
PAP701
COP7
PAQ101PAQ102PAQ103
COQ1
PAQ203PAQ202
PAQ201
COQ2
PAQ301PAQ302
PAQ303
COQ3
PAQ403PAQ402
PAQ401
COQ4
PAQ501
PAQ502PAQ503COQ5
PAQ601PAQ602
PAQ603
COQ6
PAQ701PAQ702
PAQ703
COQ7
PAR102PAR101
COR1
PAR202PAR201
COR2
PAR302PAR301
COR3
PAR402PAR401COR4
PAR502PAR501
COR5
PAR602PAR601
COR6
PAR702PAR701
COR7
PAR802
PAR801
COR8
PAR902
PAR901
COR9
PAR1001PAR1002
COR10
PAR1102PAR1101
COR11PAR1202
PAR1201
COR12
PAR1302PAR1301
COR13
PAR1402PAR1401COR14
PAR1502PAR1501
COR15
PAR1702PAR1701
COR17
PAR1802PAR1801
COR18PAR1902PAR1901COR19
PAR2002PAR2001COR20
PAR2102
PAR2101COR21
PAR2202PAR2201
COR22
PAR2302PAR2301
COR23
PAR2401
PAR2402
COR24
PAR2502PAR2501
COR25
PAR2602PAR2601COR26PAR2702
PAR2701COR27
PAR2802PAR2801
COR28
PAR2902
PAR2901COR29 PAR3002
PAR3001COR30
PAR3101PAR3102
COR31
PAR3202PAR3201
COR32
PAR3301PAR3302
COR33
PAR3402PAR3401
COR34PAR3502PAR3501
COR35
PAR3602
PAR3601
COR36
PAR3702PAR3701COR37
PAR3802
PAR3801COR38PAR3902
PAR3901COR39
PAR4002
PAR4001COR40
PAR4102PAR4101 COR41PAR4202PAR4201
COR42
PAR4302PAR4301
COR43PAR4402
PAR4401
COR44
PAR4502
PAR4501COR45
PAR4602
PAR4601COR46
PAR4702
PAR4701COR47
PAR4802PAR4801
COR48
PART102
PART101
CORT1
PAS101
PAS103PAS104
PAS102 COS1
PAS203PAS202
PAS204PAS201
COS2
PAS301
PAS303PAS304
PAS302 COS3
PAU101PAU102
PAU103PAU104
PAU105
PAU106PAU107
PAU108PAU109
PAU1010PAU1011
PAU1012PAU1013PAU1014PAU1015PAU1016PAU1017PAU1018PAU1019PAU1020PAU1021PAU1022PAU1023PAU1024
PAU1025
PAU1026
PAU1027PAU1028
PAU1029PAU1030
PAU1031PAU1032
PAU1033
PAU1034PAU1035
PAU1036
PAU1037PAU1038
PAU1039PAU1040PAU1041
PAU1042PAU1043
PAU1044PAU1045PAU1046PAU1047
PAU1048COU1
PAU205PAU206PAU207PAU208
PAU204PAU203PAU202PAU201
COU2
PAU305PAU304PAU303
PAU302PAU301
COU3
PAU405PAU404PAU403
PAU402PAU401
COU4
PAU505PAU504PAU503
PAU502PAU501
COU5
PAU601
PAU606
PAU602PAU603
PAU605PAU604 PAU60HSCOU6
PAU705PAU704PAU703
PAU702PAU701
COU7
PAU805PAU804PAU803
PAU802PAU801
COU8
PAU905PAU904PAU903
PAU902PAU901
COU9
PAU1001
PAU1006
PAU1002PAU1003
PAU1005PAU1004
PAU100HSCOU10
PAU1105PAU1104PAU1103
PAU1102PAU1101
COU11
PAU1201
PAU1206PAU1202PAU1203
PAU1205PAU1204PAU120HS COU12
PAU1301PAU1302PAU1303PAU1304PAU1305PAU1306PAU1307PAU1308PAU1309PAU13010PAU13011PAU13012PAU13013PAU13014
PAU13028PAU13027PAU13026PAU13025PAU13024PAU13023PAU13022PAU13021PAU13020PAU13019PAU13018PAU13017PAU13016PAU13015
COU13
PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405PAU1404PAU1403PAU1401
COU14
PAU1501PAU1503
PAU1504PAU1505
PAU1506PAU1507
COU15
PAU1601PAU1603
PAU1604PAU1605
PAU1606PAU1607
COU16 PAU1701PAU1702PAU1703
COU17
PAU1801PAU1803
PAU1804PAU1805
PAU1806PAU1807
COU18
PAU1901PAU1903
PAU1904PAU1905
PAU1906PAU1907
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAC4802
PAF102
PAL801
PART101
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP204
PAU104
PAP206PAU106
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018PAC602
PAC702PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802
PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501
PAP2011
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102PAP402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAL302
PAP601
PAR202
PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602PAR1102
PAR1202
PAR1402
PAR4702
PAU208
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601
PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601
PAC2701PAC3301
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305
PAU405 PAU505
PAU703PAU705
PAU805 PAU905
PAU1105
PAC3202PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602
PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602
PAC2702
PAC2801
PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201
PAC3302
PAC3401
PAC3501
PAC3601
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAU1012
PAU302
PAU402 PAU502 PAU602
PAU604
PAU702
PAU802 PAU902 PAU1002 PAU1004
PAU1102 PAU1202 PAU1204
PAH107PAH108PAH109
PAU1907
PAP504
PAR4601
PAU1040
PAH1010PAH1011PAH1012
PAU1906
PAP7012
PAR3601
PAH1013PAH1014
PAH1015
PAU1507PAP408
PAR4101PAU1029
PAH1016
PAH1017PAH1018
PAU1506
PAP702
PAS304
PAP7018
PAP409PAR4201
PAU1028
PAH1025PAH1026
PAH1027PAU1607
PAH1028
PAH1029PAH1030PAU1606
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
PAP7020
PAP6013
PAP607
PAP6017
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAH1046PAR102
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAD402
PAH1031
PAH1041
PAH1045
PAJ104PAJ105
PAL401
PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6019
PAP7014
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701
PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAU1033
PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1702
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAP501
PAR4501
PAU1037
PAH1019PAH1020PAH1021
PAU1807
PAH1022
PAH1023PAH1024
PAU1806
PAH1043 PAH1040PAR401
PAP505
PAQ201
PAU1041
PAP308
PAU1017
PAU206
PAP105
PAH101PAH102
PAH103
PAU1407
PAP503
PAR4001
PAU1039
PAH104
PAH105PAH106
PAU1406
PAP6011
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP609
PAR1401PAS104
PAU103
PAP7010
PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
PAH1034PAR201
PAH1033PAR301
PAH1036PAP4011
PAU1026
PAH1035
PAP301
PAU1024
PAH1047
PAP401
PAR601
PAU1036
PAH1039
PAP406
PAR501
PAU1031
PAP7016
PAP3011
PAQ101
PAU1014
PAH1048
PAP309
PAU1016
PAH1037
PAU201
PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
PAU1020
PAP107
PAP303
PAR1502
PAR2002PAS202
PAU1022
PAH1044
PAP5011
PAU1047
PAU202
PAP101
PAP304
PAU1021
PAP102
PAP202
PAR1302
PAU102
PAP201
PAR3301
PAR3401
PAU101
PAC2502
PAD1001PAD1101
PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502
PAU1038
PAC4702
PAC4801
PAC4901
PAJ202PAJ203
PAR4801
PAU1401
PAU1501PAU1601
PAU1801
PAU1901
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
PAC902PAU1032
PAC1002
PAU1043PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
PAU501PAU504PAC2101
PAR2201
PAU503PAC3001
PAR2501
PAR2602PAC3002PAU803
PAU901PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601
PAU903
PAC3701
PAJ101
PAL701
PAC3802
PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002 PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAH1038PAL301
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP603PAR3102
PAP605PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ301PAR3701
PAR4002PAQ302PAR3702
PAU1404
PAQ303
PAU1405
PAQ401PAR3801 PAR4102
PAQ402PAR3802
PAU1504PAQ403
PAU1505
PAQ501PAR3901 PAR4202
PAQ502PAR3902
PAU1604
PAQ503
PAU1605
PAQ601PAR4301
PAR4502PAQ602
PAR4302
PAU1804
PAQ603
PAU1805
PAQ701PAR4401
PAR4602PAQ702
PAR4402PAU1904
PAQ703
PAU1905
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102
PAR2401
PAU301
PAR2301
PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502
PAR2801PAU701
PAR2701
PAU801PAU804
PAR2802PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301
PAR3402 PAU1305
PAR3502
PAU13014
PAH1032
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAC4902 PAL802
PAU1403
PAU1503PAU1603
PAU1803
PAU1903
PAF101
PAJ201
B.2. LED Controller PCB
99
B.3. LED Controller Bill of Materials
B.3 LED Controller Bill of Materials
[follows on next page]
100
Bill o
f Ma
teria
ls
So
urc
e D
ata
Fro
m:
LE
D C
on
trolle
r, Re
v 1
Pro
jec
t:L
ED
Co
ntro
ller, R
ev 1
De
sig
n:
M. A
ldric
h
Report D
ate:1/12/2010
12:53:02 PM
Print D
ate:29-A
pr-106:39:26 P
M#
Desig
nato
rD
escrip
tion
Man
ufa
ctu
rer 1
Man
ufa
ctu
rer P
art N
um
ber 1
Fo
otp
rint
Su
pp
lier 1
Su
pp
lier P
art N
um
ber 1
Qu
an
tity
1N
/ALED
Controller, PC
BAdvanced C
ircuitsN
/AN
/AN
/AN
/A1
2C
1, C2
CAP C
ERAM
IC 2.2U
F 10V X5R 0805
Kemet
C0805C
225K8PACTU
CAPC
2012LD
igi-Key399-3125-1-N
D2
3C
3, C7, C
14C
AP CER
M 1U
F 6.3V X5R 0402
Kemet
C0402C
105K9PACTU
CAPC
1005LD
igi-Key399-4873-1-N
D3
4C
4, C8, C
37, C46
CAP C
ER 10000PF 25V 10%
X7R 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M155R
71E103KA01DC
APC1005L
Digi-Key
490-1312-1-ND
45
C5
CAP C
ER 2.2PF 50V C
0G 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M1555C
1H2R
2CZ01D
CAPC
1005LD
igi-Key490-1267-1-N
D1
6C
6, C9, C
10, C11
CAP C
ERM
1UF 6.3V X5R
0402Kem
etC
0402C105K9PAC
TUC
APC1005L
Digi-Key
399-4873-1-ND
47
C12
CAP C
ER 1000PF 50V C
0G 0402,
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M155R
61A104KA01D,
CAPC
1005LD
igi-Key490-3244-1-N
D1
8C
20, C30
CAP C
ER .47U
F 6.3V X5R 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M155R
60J474KE19DC
APC1005L
Digi-Key
490-3266-1-ND
29
C21, C
31C
AP CER
.22UF 6.3V X5R
0402M
urata Electronics North Am
ericaG
RM
155R60J224KE01D
CAPC
1005LD
igi-Key490-5407-1-N
D2
10C
20, C21, C
30, C31
CAP C
ER .1U
F 10V 10% X5R
0402M
urata Electronics North Am
ericaG
RM
155R61A104KA01D
CAPC
1005LD
igi-Key490-1318-1-N
D4
11C
13, C15, C
17, C19, C
23, C24, C
25, C27, C
29, C33, C
35C
AP CER
.1UF 10V 10%
X5R 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M155R
61A104KA01DC
APC1005L
Digi-Key
490-1318-1-ND
1112
C16, C
26C
AP CER
.1UF 50V 10%
X7R 0603
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M188R
71H104KA93D
CAPC
1608ND
igi-Key490-1519-1-N
D
213
C18, C
28, C34
CAP C
ER 1.0U
F 10V 10% X5R
0603M
urata Electronics North Am
ericaG
RM
188R61A105KA61D
CAPC
1608ND
igi-Key490-1543-1-N
D3
14C
22, C32, C
36C
AP CER
3300PF 50V X7R 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
GR
M155R
71H332KA01D
CAPC
1005LD
igi-Key490-3248-1-N
D3
15C
38, C39
CAP C
ER 30PF 50V 5%
C0G
0402M
urata Electronics North Am
ericaG
RM
1555C1H
300JZ01DC
APC1005L
Digi-Key
490-1285-1-ND
216
C40, C
41, C42, C
48, C49
CAP C
ER 22U
F 25V X5R 1210
Taiyo YudenTM
K325BJ226MM
-TC
APC3225N
Digi-Key
587-2086-1-ND
517
C43, C
44, C45
CAP C
ER 2.2U
F 6.3V 10% X7R
0805M
urata Electronics North Am
ericaG
RM
21BR70J225KA01L
CAPC
2012LD
igi-Key490-1698-1-N
D3
18C
47C
AP 47UF 35V ELEC
T NH
G R
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Panasonic - ECG
ECA-1VH
G470
CAPPR
2-5x11D
igi-KeyP5550-N
D1
19D
2, D10, D
11LED
570NM
GR
EEN D
IFF 0603 SMD
Avago Technologies US Inc.
HSM
G-C
1901608
Digi-Key
516-1425-1-ND
320
D1, D
4LED
630NM
HE R
ED D
IFF 0603 SMD
Avago Technologies US Inc.
HSM
S-C190
1608D
igi-Key516-1422-1-N
D2
21D
3EM
ITTER IR
5MM
HI EFF 940N
MVishay/Sem
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HLM
P-5029D
igi-Key751-1204-N
D1
22(D
3)H
OU
SING
RA FO
R 5M
M H
IGH
DO
ME LED
Avago Technologies US Inc.
HLM
P-5029N
/AD
igi-Key516-1395-N
D1
23F1
PTC R
ESET 33V 1.85A SMD
2920Littelfuse Inc
2920L185DR
2920L185DR
Digi-Key
F2871CT-N
D1
24H
1C
ON
N H
EADER
50 POS STR
GH
T GO
LD3M
N2550-6002-R
BN
2550-6002-RB
Digi-Key
MH
C50K-N
D1
25J1
USB R
CPT B-TYPE R
/A FULL BAC
KFC
I61729-1010BLF
61729-1010BLFD
igi-Key609-3656-N
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MALE BAR
REL C
ON
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TOR
2.1x5.5Sw
itchcraft Inc.R
APC722X
RAPC
722XM
ouser502-R
APC722X
127
L1, L3FER
RITE C
HIP 60 O
HM
1700MA 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
BLM15PD
600SN1D
1005D
igi-Key490-5201-1-N
D2
28L2, L4
FILTER C
HIP 220 O
HM
700MA 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
BLM15EG
221SN1D
1005D
igi-Key490-4005-1-N
D2
29L5
IND
UC
TOR
MU
LTILAYER 330N
H 0402
TDK C
orporationM
LG1005SR
33J1005
Digi-Key
445-3077-1-ND
130
(L5)IN
DU
CTO
R M
ULTILAYER
2.2UH
0402TD
K Corporation
MLF1005A2R
2KT1005
Digi-Key
445-3518-1-ND
131
(L5)FER
RITE C
HIP 1000 O
HM
200MA 0402
Murata Electronics N
orth America
BLM15H
G102SN
1D1005
Digi-Key
490-3999-1-ND
132
L7FER
RITE C
HIP 40 O
HM
550MA 0402
TDK C
orporationM
MZ1005Y400C
1005D
igi-Key445-2150-2-N
D1
33L8
IND
UC
TOR
22UH
1.8A SMD
SHIELD
EDM
urata Power Solutions Inc
46223C46223C
Digi-Key
811-1173-1-ND
134
P1C
ON
N H
DR
DU
AL 14POS .100 SR
T AUM
olex Connector C
orporation10-89-7142
THD
igi-KeyW
M26814-N
D1
35P2, P3, P4, P5
CO
NN
HEAD
ER 12PO
S .100 VERT TIN
Molex C
onnector Corporation
22-28-4120TH
Digi-Key
WM
6412-ND
436
P6, P7C
ON
N R
ECEPT 20PO
S 2MM
STR D
L SMD
FCI
91596-120LFSM
TD
igi-Key609-2730-N
D2
37Q
1, Q2
MO
SFET N-C
H 30V 1.7A SSO
T3Fairchild Sem
iconductorN
DS355AN
SOT-23
Digi-Key
ND
S355ANC
T-ND
238
Q3, Q
4, Q5, Q
6, Q7
TRAN
SISTOR
GP PN
P AMP SO
T-23Fairchild Sem
iconductorM
MBT3906
SO-G
3D
igi-KeyM
MBT3906FSC
T-ND
539
R10
RES 16.9 O
HM
1/8W 1%
0805 SMD
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Semiconductor
MC
R10EZH
F16R9
RESC
2012LD
igi-KeyR
HM
16.9CC
T-ND
140
(R10)
RES 4.32 O
HM
1/8W 1%
0805 SMD
Vishay/Dale
CR
CW
08054R32FKEA
RESC
2012LD
igi-Key541-4.32C
CC
T-ND
141
R37, R
38, R39, R
43, R44, R
40, R41, R
42, R45, R
46R
ES 5.1K OH
M 1/10W
5% 0603 SM
DVishay/D
aleC
RC
W06035K10JN
EAR
ESC1608N
Digi-Key
541-5.1KGC
T-ND
1042
R24, R
28, R30 (0-500 lx)
RES 820K O
HM
1/16W 1%
0402 SMD
Vishay/Dale
CR
CW
0402820KFKEDR
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
541-820KLCT-N
D3
43(R
24, R28, R
30) (0-2,000 lx)R
ES 402K OH
M 1/16W
1% 0402 SM
DVishay/D
aleC
RC
W0402402KFKED
RESC
1005LD
igi-Key541-402KLC
T-ND
344
(R24, R
28, R30) (0-10,000 lx)
RES 182K O
HM
1/16W 1%
0402 SMD
Vishay/Dale
CR
CW
0402182KFKEDR
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
541-182KLCT-N
D3
Altiu
m L
imite
d C
on
fide
ntia
l4/29/2010
Page 1
B.3. LED Controller Bill of Materials
101
45(R
24, R28, R
30) (0-35,000 lx)R
ES 100K OH
M 1/16W
1% 0402 SM
DR
ohm Sem
iconductor M
CR
01MZPF1003
RESC
1005LD
igi-KeyR
HM
100KLCT-N
D3
46R
13, R15
RES 20.0K O
HM
1/16W 1%
0402 SMD
Rohm
Semiconductor
MC
R01M
ZPF2002R
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
RH
M20.0KLC
T-ND
247
R11, R
12R
ES 820 OH
M 1/16W
1% 0402 SM
DVishay/D
aleC
RC
W0402820R
FKEDR
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
541-820LCT-N
D2
48R
14R
ES 2.70K OH
M 1/16W
1% 0402 SM
DR
ohm Sem
iconductorM
CR
01MZPF2701
RESC
1005LD
igi-KeyR
HM
2.70KLCT-N
D1
49R
17, R20
RES 3.30K O
HM
1/16W 1%
0402 SMD
Rohm
Semiconductor
MC
R01M
ZPF3301R
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
RH
M3.30KLC
T-ND
250
R1, R
7, R31, R
32, R33, R
34, R35
RES 0.0 O
HM
1/16W 5%
0402 SMD
Rohm
Semiconductor
MC
R01M
ZPJ000R
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
RH
M0.0JC
T-ND
751
R2, R
3, R4, R
5, R6, R
21, R22, R
25, R26
RES 10.0K O
HM
1/16W 1%
0402 SMD
Rohm
Semiconductor
MC
R01M
ZPF1002R
ESC1005L
Digi-Key
RH
M10.0KLC
T-ND
952
R23, R
27, R29
RES 56.0 O
HM
1/16W 1%
0402 SMD
Rohm
Semiconductor
MC
R01M
ZPF56R0
RESC
1005LD
igi-KeyR
HM
56.0LCT-N
D3
53R
8, R9, R
18, R19, R
36R
ES 560 OH
M 1/10W
1% 0603 SM
DR
ohm Sem
iconductorM
CR
03EZPFX5600R
ESC1608N
Digi-Key
RH
M560H
CT-N
D
554
R47, R
48R
ES 0.0 OH
M 1W
5% 2512 SM
DVishay/D
aleC
RC
W25120000Z0EG
2512D
igi-Key541-0.0XC
T-ND
255
RT1
CU
RR
ENT LIM
ITER IN
RU
SH 5 0H
M 20%
Cantherm
MF72-005D
7M
F72-005D7
Digi-Key
317-1148-ND
156
S1, S3SW
ITCH
TACT 6M
M 160G
F H=4.3M
MO
mron Electronics
B3S-1000PTH
Digi-Key
SW836C
T-ND
257
S2SW
ITCH
DIP H
ALF PITCH
2POS
CTS Electrocom
ponents218-2LPST
218-2LPSTD
igi-KeyC
T2182LPST-ND
158
U1
IC M
CU
32-BIT W/FLASH
48-LQFP
Texas Instruments
TMX320F28027PTA
TSQFP50P900X900X145-48L
Digi-Key
296-24123-ND
159
U2
IC 2-1LIN
E DATA SELEC
T/MU
X SM8
Texas Instruments
SN74LVC
2G157D
CTR
TSOP65P400X130-8L
Digi-Key
296-13266-1-ND
160
U3, U
4, U5, U
7, U8, U
9, U11
IC O
PAMP SN
GL R
-R I/O
LN SO
T23-5Analog D
evicesAD
8605ARTZ
SOT23-5
Digi-Key
AD8605AR
TZREEL7C
T-ND
761
U6, U
10, U12
IC PH
OTO
DETEC
TOR
AMBIEN
T 6-OD
FNIntersil
ISL29009IRO
Z-T7ISL29009IR
OZ-T7
Digi-Key
ISL29009IRO
Z-T7CT-N
D3
62U
13IC
USB TO
SERIAL U
ART 28-SSO
PFTD
IFT232R
L RSO
P65P780X200-28LD
igi-Key768-1007-1-N
D1
63U
14, U15, U
16, U18, U
19LED
DVR
BUC
KPLUS 500M
A 7SIP DIM
LEDdynam
ics Inc7021-D
-E-5007021-D
-E-500D
igi-Key788-1009-N
D5
64U
17SW
ITCH
ING
REG
ULATO
R, 5V, 1.0 A
Recom
Power Incorporated
R-78B5.0-1.0
THAllied
394-00521
65U
20IC
LDO
REG
3.3V 1A SOT223-6
Texas Instruments
TPS79633DC
QR
SOT127P706X180-6L
Digi-Key
296-13766-1-ND
1
No
tes
169
Ap
pro
ve
d
Lin
e Ite
m (3
6) E
q. P
/N: 3
M, 9
53
22
0-2
00
0-A
R-P
R; 3
M, 9
56
22
0-2
00
0-A
R-P
R; S
ullin
s N
PP
N1
02
GH
NP
-RC
(DIG
IKE
Y)
Lin
e Ite
m (6
5) A
ltern
ate
Su
pp
lier: M
ou
se
r, PN
: 59
5-T
PS
79
63
3D
CQ
Altiu
m L
imite
d C
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Page 2
B.3. LED Controller Bill of Materials
102
B.4. Sensor Node Hardware Schematics
B.4 Sensor Node Hardware Schematics
[follows on next page]
103
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
GPIO29/SCITXD
A/SCLA/TZ3
1
TRST2
XRS3
ADCINA6/A
IO64
ADCINA4/CO
MP2A
/AIO4
5
ADCINA7
6
ADCINA3
7
ADCINA1
8
ADCINA2/CO
MP1A
/AIO2
9
ADCINA0/VREFHI
10
VDDA
11
VSSA/VREFLO
12
ADCINB1
13
ADCINB2/COM
P1B/AIO
1014
ASCINB3
15
ADCINB4/COM
P2B/AIO
1216
ADCINB6/A
IO1417
ADCINB7
18
GPIO34/CO
MP2OUT
19
GPIO35/TD
I20
GPIO36/TM
S21
GPIO37/TD
O22
GPIO38/XCLKIN/TCK
23
GPIO18/SPICLK
A/SCITXDA/XCLKO
UT24
GPIO19/XCLKIN/SPISTEA/SCIRXD
A/ECAP125
GPIO17/SPISOM
IA/TZ326
GPIO16/SPISIM
OA/TZ2
27
GPIO1/EPW
M1B/CO
MP1O
UT28
GPIO0/EPW
M1A
29
TEST30
GPIO32/SD
AA/EPWM
SYNCI/A
DCSOCAO
31
VDD
32
VSS33
VREGENZ
34
VDDIO
35
GPIO33/SCLA/EPW
MSYNCO/A
DCSOCBO36
GPIO2/EPW
M2A
37
GPIO3/EPW
M2B/CO
MP2O
UT38
GPIO4/EPW
M3A
39
GPIO5/EPM
W3B/ECA
P140
GPIO6/EPW
M4A/EPW
MSYN
CI/EPWM
SYNCO
41
GPIO7/EPW
M4B/SCIRXD
A42
VDD
43
VSS44
X145
X246
GPIO12/TZ1/SCITXDA
47
GPIO28/SCIRXD
A/SDAA/TZ2
48
U1TMX320F28027
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
P1Header 7X2
CTMS
CTDI
CPDCTD
OCTCK
-RETCTCKCEM
U0CEM
U1CG
NDCG
NDCG
ND
CGND
CTRSTn
123456789101112
P2Header 12
123456789101112
P3Header 12
123456789101112
P4Header 12
123456789101112
P5Header 12
CTRSTn
CTDO
CTDI
CTMS
CTCK
CGND
C22.2uF
L1EMI BEA
D
L2EMI BEA
D
C12.2uF
C101.0uF
C91.0uF
C7.47uF C3.47uF
L4EMI BEA
DC111.0uF
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
CGND
C3V3INC3V3D
C3V3A
CRSTR70
CGND
TI JTAG
HEA
DER
MCU FA
NO
UT
CRX-SLAVE
CTX-SLAVE
CSDA
CSCL
CTAOSINPU
T
CGPIO
7
PUC
K P1
CSYNC
CINT
CS3CS2TAO
SOE
R2TBD 0402
R3TBD 0402
CS0CS1
C3V3INC3V3IN
TAOS PU
LLUPS
A1
B2
Y3
GND
4
Y5
A/B6
G7
VCC8
U2SN74LVC2G157C24
100nFCG
ND
C3V3IN
CTEMP
CMSO
CADCLU
XL
CAGND
C12TBD
CGND
R14TBD
0402
CRSTS1B3S-1000
CGND
BTN RST
CFUNC
R1TBD 0402
CGND
TMP05 SETTING
S
CMSO
OPEN
CADCLU
XH
CTEMP
R8TBD 0603
D1HSMH-C190
CGND
CSTATUS
1.8 0603 RED
CSTATUS
Float: Cont / GND: O
ne-Shot
CSDA
CSCL
R510K
C3V3IN
R610K
C3V3IN
R410K
C3V3IN
CIRTXBRST
D3TSAL6200
CGND R10TBD
0805
IR TX
C3V3D
Q2NDS355AN
C3V3IN
Q1NDS355AN
C3V3IN
1243
NO
S2218-2LPST
R20TBD
0402R17TBD
04023.3K
820R12TBD
0402R11TBD
0402
CGND
CGND
C3V3INC3V3IN
CGPIO
34
CGPIO
34CTD
O
MCU BO
OT SETTIN
GS
LED
R13TBD
0402
CGND
OPTIO
N
R15TBD
0402
CGND
OPTIO
N
MUX_TA
OS_TEMP
CTX-SLAVE
CTRSTnCRST
ADCINA4
ADCINA0
ADCINB1
ADCINB3
ADCINB7
ADCINA4
CADCLU
XHCA
DCLUXL
CADCLU
XNOFLT
ADCINA0
C3V3ACAGND
ADCINB1
CSYNC
CSTATUS
ADCINB3
CMSO
ADCINB7
CGPIO
34
CTDO
CTDI
CTMS
CTCKCS3
MUX_TA
OS_TEMP
CS2TAO
SOE
CSDA
CGND
C3V3D
CSCL
R9TBD 0603
D2HSMH-C190
CGND
C3V3IN
CIRTXBRSTCG
PIO7
CGND
CTEMP
CRX-SLAVE
COLO
R / TEMP M
UX
CGND C810nF CG
ND C410nFC52.2pF
CGND
C61.0uF
CGND
CADCLU
XNOFLT OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
S01
S12
OE3
GND
4VD
D5
OUT
6
S27
S38
U14
TCS32X0
SCLA1
SYNC
A2
GND
A3
SDAB1
VDD
B2
INTB3
U15
TCS34X4CS
C55
TBD 0603
C56
TBD 0603
CGND
CGND
VDD
5GN
D4
IN2
FUNC
3TEM
P1
U16
TMP05AK
SZ
C48
TBD 0603
CGND
Color to Frequency
I2C Color Sensor
PWM
Temp Sensor
CS2CS3
TAOSOE
CSCLCSD
A
CSYNC
CINT
CFUNC
CINCTEM
P
CS1CS0
CTAOSINPU
T
C3V3IN
C3V3IN
C3V3IN
CL2
F4.63 F2.8 LENS
CIRTXBRST
LCRITCRI
ADCCO
LORAD
CINTNSTY
CIRRX
MOTION
ADCCO
LOR
ADCINTNSTY
LCRITCRI
MOTION
CIRRX
GPIO5
OPEN
OPEN
GPIO3
GPIO5
OPEN
CC1
OPAQUE D
OME
CL1
F4.63 F2.8 LENS
CC2
OPAQUE D
OME
CC3
OPAQUE D
OME
CINT
PIC101 PIC102COC1
PIC201 PIC202COC2
PIC301 PIC302COC3
PIC401 PIC402COC4
PIC501 PIC502COC5
PIC601 PIC602COC6PIC701 PIC702
COC7PIC801 PIC802COC8PIC901 PIC902
COC9PIC1001 PIC1002
COC10
PIC1101 PIC1102COC11
PIC1201 PIC1202COC12
PIC2401PIC2402
COC24
PIC4801PIC4802 C
OC48
PIC5501PIC5502 C
OC55
PIC5601PIC5602
COC56
COCC1
COCC2
COCC3
COCL1COCL2
PID101PID102COD1
PID201PID202COD2
PID301 PID302COD3
PIL101PIL102
COL1
PIL201PIL202
COL2
PIL401PIL402
COL4
PIP101
PIP102
PIP103
PIP104
PIP105
PIP106
PIP107
PIP108
PIP109
PIP1010
PIP1011PIP1012
PIP1013
PIP1014
COP1
PIP201
PIP202
PIP203
PIP204
PIP205
PIP206
PIP207
PIP208
PIP209
PIP2010
PIP2011
PIP2012 COP2
PIP301
PIP302
PIP303
PIP304
PIP305
PIP306
PIP307
PIP308
PIP309
PIP3010
PIP3011
PIP3012 COP3
PIP401
PIP402
PIP403
PIP404
PIP405
PIP406
PIP407
PIP408
PIP409
PIP4010
PIP4011
PIP4012 COP4
PIP501
PIP502
PIP503
PIP504
PIP505
PIP506
PIP507
PIP508
PIP509
PIP5010
PIP5011
PIP5012 COP5
PIQ101
PIQ102 PIQ103COQ1
PIQ201
PIQ202 PIQ203COQ2
PIR101PIR102 COR1
PIR201 PIR202COR2
PIR301 PIR302COR3
PIR401 PIR402COR4
PIR501 PIR502COR5
PIR601 PIR602COR6
PIR701 PIR702COR7
PIR801PIR802 COR8PIR901PIR902 COR9
PIR1001 PIR1002COR10
PIR1101 PIR1102COR11
PIR1201 PIR1202COR12
PIR1301 PIR1302COR13
PIR1401 PIR1402COR14
PIR1501 PIR1502COR15
PIR1701 PIR1702COR17
PIR2001 PIR2002COR20
PIS101
PIS102
PIS103
PIS104
COS1PIS201
PIS202
PIS203
PIS204
COS2
PIU101
PIU102
PIU103
PIU104
PIU105
PIU106
PIU107
PIU108
PIU109
PIU1010
PIU1011
PIU1012
PIU1013
PIU1014
PIU1015
PIU1016
PIU1017
PIU1018
PIU1019
PIU1020
PIU1021
PIU1022
PIU1023
PIU1024
PIU1025
PIU1026
PIU1027
PIU1028
PIU1029
PIU1030
PIU1031
PIU1032
PIU1033
PIU1034
PIU1035
PIU1036
PIU1037
PIU1038
PIU1039
PIU1040
PIU1041
PIU1042
PIU1043
PIU1044
PIU1045
PIU1046
PIU1047
PIU1048
COU1
PIU201
PIU202
PIU203
PIU204
PIU205
PIU206
PIU207
PIU208 COU2
PIU1401
PIU1402
PIU1403
PIU1404PIU1405
PIU1406
PIU1407
PIU1408 COU14
PIU150A1
PIU150A2
PIU150A3
PIU150B1
PIU150B2
PIU150B3
COU15
PIU1601PIU1602
PIU1603
PIU1604PIU1605 C
OU16
PIP204
PIU106
NLADCCOLOR
PIP2010
PIU1010NLADCINA0
PIP205
PIU105
NLADCINA4
PIP3012
PIU1013NLADCINB1
PIP3010
PIU1015
NLADCINB3
PIP307
PIU1018
NLADCINB7
PIP206
PIU104
NLADCINTNSTY
PIC602PIC702
PIC802PIL202
PIP2011
PIU1011
PIC302PIC402
PIC502PIL102
PIP402
PIR1402
PIU1035
PIC102PIC202
PIC2401
PIC4802
PIC5502
PIC5601
PID101PID201
PID302PIL101
PIL201
PIR202PIR302
PIR402PIR502
PIR602
PIR1102PIR1202
PIU208
PIU1405
PIU150B2
PIU1605
PIP209
PIU109
NLCADCLUXH
PIP208
PIU108
NLCADCLUXL
PIP207
PIU107
NLCADCLUXNOFLT
PIC1102PIL402
PIP2012
PIU1012
PIP1013
NLCEMU0PIP1014
NLCEMU1
PIR102
PIU1603NLCFUNC
PIC101PIC201
PIC301PIC401
PIC501
PIC601PIC701
PIC801
PIC901PIC1001
PIC1101
PIC1201
PIC2402
PIC4801
PIC5501
PIC5602
PIL401
PIP104
PIP108
PIP1010
PIP1012
PIP404
PIP508
PIQ102
PIQ202
PIR101
PIR701
PIR902
PIR1301
PIR1501
PIR1701PIR2001
PIS102
PIU1033
PIU1044
PIU204
PIU207
PIU1404PIU150A3
PIU1604NLCGND
PIP506
PIU1042
NLCGPIO7PIP306
PIR1702
PIS201
PIU1019
NLCGPIO34
PIU1602NLCIN
PIR401
PIU1038
PIU150B3NLCINT
PIP503
PIU1039
NLCIRRX
PIP505
PIQ201
PIU1041
NLCIRTXBRST
PIP308
PIU1017
PIU206 NLCMSO
PIP105
NLCPD
PIC1202
PIP203
PIR1401PIS104
PIU103
NLCRST
PIP5012
PIU1048
NLCRX0SLAVE
PIR201PIU1401
NLCS0PIR301
PIU1402NLCS1
PIP4011
PIU1026
PIU1407NLCS2
PIP301
PIU1024
PIU1408NLCS3
PIP401
PIR601
PIU1036
PIU150A1NLCSCL
PIP406
PIR501
PIU1031
PIU150B1NLCSDA
PIP3011
PIQ101
PIU1014NLCSTATUS
PIP309
PIU1016
PIU150A2NLCSYNC
PIU201
PIU1406NLCTAOSINPUT
PIP1011
PIP302 PIU1023
NLCTCKPIP109
NLCTCK0RET PIP103
PIP305 PIU1020
NLCTDI
PIP107
PIP303
PIR1502
PIR2002
PIS202
PIU1022
NLCTDO
PIP5011
PIU1047
PIU202
PIU1601NLCTEMP
PIP101
PIP304 PIU1021
NLCTMSPIP102
PIP202
PIR1302
PIU102
NLCTRSTn
PIP201
PIU101
NLCTX0SLAVE
PIP502
NLGPIO3
PIP504
PIU1040
NLGPIO5
PIP409
PIU1028NLLCRI
PIP501
PIU1037
NLMOTION
PIP4012
PIU1025PIU205
NLMUX0TAOS0TEMP
PIS103
PIS101
PIC902
PIU1032
PIC1002
PIU1043
PID102PIR801PID202PIR901
PID301PIR1002
PIP106
PIP403
PIP405
PIP407
PIP507
PIP509
PIP5010
PIQ103 PIR802
PIQ203 PIR1001
PIR702PIU1034
PIR1101PIS204
PIR1201PIS203
PIU1030
PIU1045
PIU1046
PIU203
PIP4010
PIU1027
PIU1403NLTAOSOE
PIP408
PIU1029NLTCRI
B.4. Sensor Node Hardware Schematics
104
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
PUC
K P2
4 31
52
U3AD8605ARTZ
VDD
1
GND
2
NC3
EN4
NC5
IOUT6
U6ISL29009IROZ-T7
C19100nF
R24
TBD 0402
C1580pF
CAGND
LUX SEN
SOR LO
W RA
NG
E
LUX SEN
SOR H
IGH
RAN
GE
CAGND
4 31
52
U4AD8605ARTZ
C17
100nF
CAGND
CADCLU
XLR23
TBD 0402
C221nF
CAGND
L5308nHC1480pF
CAGND
CAGND
C3V3A
4 31
52
U5AD8605ARTZ
C20TBD
C21TBD
R21
TBD 0402
R22
TBD 0402
CAGND
C3V3OP
C3V3OP
CAGND
C3V3OP
4 31
52
U7AD8605ARTZ
VDD
1
GND
2
NC3
EN4
NC5
IOUT6
U10
ISL29009IROZ-T7
C29100nF
R28
TBD 0402
CAGND
CAGND
4 31
52
U8AD8605ARTZ
C27
100nF
CAGND
CADCLU
XHR27
TBD 0402
C321nF
CAGND
C23
100nF
CAGND
4 31
52
U9AD8605ARTZ
C30TBD
C31TBD
R25
TBD 0402
R26
TBD 0402
CAGND
C3V3OP
C3V3OP
CAGND
C3V3OP
C13
100nF
CAGND
C18TBD
0603
C28TBD
0603
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
C3V3A
C3V3A
OPTIO
N
OPTIO
N
VDD
1
GND
2
NC3
EN4
NC5
IOUT6
U12
ISL29009IROZ-T7
C35100nF
C34TBD
0603
CAGND
CAGND
CAGND
C3V3A
R30TBD
0402
CAGND
CAGND
4 31
52
U11AD
8605ARTZ
C33
100nF
CAGND
CADCLU
XNOFLT
R29
TBD 0402
C361nF
CAGND
C3V3OP
OPTIO
N
HI SPEED
LUX
C16
.1uF
C26
.1uF
PI FILTER OPTION 1
25MHz
OPTIO
N
OR
L5: 100MHz220 O
hm
C14, C15: 80pFL5: 308nH
PI FILTER OPTION 2
3.5MHz
C14, C15: 572pFL5: 2.2uH
OR
PIC1301PIC1302
COC13
PIC1401 PIC1402COC14
PIC1501 PIC1502COC15
PIC1601PIC1602
COC16
PIC1701PIC1702
COC17
PIC1801 PIC1802COC18
PIC1901 PIC1902COC19
PIC2001PIC2002COC20
PIC2101PIC2102COC21
PIC2201 PIC2202COC22
PIC2301PIC2302
COC23
PIC2601PIC2602
COC26
PIC2701PIC2702
COC27
PIC2801 PIC2802COC28
PIC2901 PIC2902COC29
PIC3001PIC3002COC30
PIC3101PIC3102COC31
PIC3201 PIC3202COC32
PIC3301PIC3302
COC33
PIC3401 PIC3402COC34
PIC3501 PIC3502COC35
PIC3601 PIC3602COC36
PIL501PIL502
COL5
PIR2101PIR2102 C
OR21
PIR2201PIR2202 C
OR22
PIR2301PIR2302
COR23
PIR2401PIR2402 COR24
PIR2501PIR2502 CO
R25
PIR2601PIR2602 CO
R26
PIR2701PIR2702
COR27
PIR2801PIR2802 COR28
PIR2901PIR2902
COR29
PIR3001PIR3002 COR30
PIU301
PIU302
PIU303
PIU304
PIU305COU3
PIU401
PIU402
PIU403
PIU404
PIU405COU4
PIU501
PIU502
PIU503
PIU504
PIU505COU5
PIU601
PIU602
PIU603
PIU604
PIU605
PIU606
COU6
PIU701
PIU702
PIU703
PIU704
PIU705COU7
PIU801
PIU802
PIU803
PIU804
PIU805COU8
PIU901
PIU902
PIU903
PIU904
PIU905COU9
PIU1001
PIU1002
PIU1003PIU1004
PIU1005
PIU1006
COU10
PIU1101
PIU1102
PIU1103
PIU1104
PIU1105COU11
PIU1201
PIU1202
PIU1203PIU1204
PIU1205
PIU1206
COU12 PIC1402
PIC1802PIC1902
PIC2802PIC2902
PIC3402PIC3502
PIL501
PIU601
PIU1001
PIU1201
PIC1301
PIC1502
PIC1601
PIC1701
PIC2301
PIC2601
PIC2701
PIC3301
PIL502
PIU303
PIU305PIU405
PIU505
PIU703
PIU705PIU805
PIU905
PIU1105
PIC3202PIR2702
NLCADCLUXH
PIC2202PIR2302
NLCADCLUXL
PIC3602PIR2902
NLCADCLUXNOFLT
PIC1302PIC1401
PIC1501
PIC1602
PIC1702
PIC1801PIC1901
PIC2102PIC2201
PIC2302
PIC2602
PIC2702
PIC2801PIC2901
PIC3102PIC3201
PIC3302
PIC3401PIC3501
PIC3601PIR3002
PIU302PIU402
PIU502PIU602
PIU604
PIU702PIU802
PIU902PIU1002
PIU1004
PIU1102PIU1202
PIU1204
PIC2001
PIR2101PIR2202
PIC2002
PIU403
PIU501
PIU504
PIC2101
PIR2201PIU503
PIC3001
PIR2501PIR2602
PIC3002
PIU803
PIU901
PIU904
PIC3101
PIR2601PIU903
PIR2102
PIR2401
PIU301
PIR2301PIU401
PIU404
PIR2402
PIU304
PIU606
PIR2502
PIR2801
PIU701
PIR2701PIU801
PIU804
PIR2802
PIU704
PIU1006
PIR2901PIU1101
PIU1104PIR3001
PIU1103
PIU1206
PIU603
PIU605
PIU1003
PIU1005
PIU1203
PIU1205
B.4. Sensor Node Hardware Schematics
105
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
TXD1
DTR2
RTS3
VCCIO4
RXD5
RI6
GND
7
NC8
DSR9
DCD10
CTS11
CBUS4
12
CBUS2
13
CBUS3
14
USBDP15
USBDM16
3V3OUT
17
GND
18
RST19
VCC20
GND
21
CBUS1
22CBU
S023
NC24
AGND
25
TEST26
OSCI27
OSCO28
U13
FT232RL
1234
SH5
J161729-1010BLFC37
10nF
CGND
L7 EMI BEA
D
C25100nF
CGND
CGND
CGND
R35
TBD 0402
CVCCIO
CVCCIO
R320
R340
CRX-SLAVE
CTX-SLAVE
D10HSM
G-C190
2.2V 0603 GRN
D11HSM
H-C190
1.8 0603 RED
R18TBD
0603R19TBD
0603
CVCCIOCVCCIO
USB / SERIAL
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
P691596-120LF
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
P791596-120LF
ZIGBEE IN
TERFACE
CRX-SLAVE
CTX-SLAVE
CDIO
12CRSTCRSSICD
IO11
CDTR*
CDIO
4CCTS*CSLEEP*CG
NDCA
SSOCCRTS*CD
IO3
CDIO
2CD
IO1
CCOM
MIS
CGND
C3V3INR31
0
R330
R36TBD
0603
D4HSMH-C190
CGND
CASSOC
1.8 0603 RED
PUC
K P3
C3830pF
C3930pF
CGND
CGND
S3B3S-1000CCO
MM
IS
CGND
COM
MISSIO
N / A
SSOCIA
TE
FIX PIN
S 2 -> 1
PIC2501 PIC2502COC25
PIC3701PIC3702 C
OC37
PIC3801 PIC3802COC38PIC3901 PIC3902
COC39
PID401PID402COD4
PID1001PID1002COD10
PID1101PID1102COD11
PIJ101
PIJ102
PIJ103
PIJ104
PIJ105
COJ1PIL701
PIL702
COL7PIP601
PIP602
PIP603
PIP604
PIP605
PIP606
PIP607
PIP608
PIP609
PIP6010
PIP6011
PIP6012
PIP6013
PIP6014
PIP6015PIP6016
PIP6017PIP6018
PIP6019
PIP6020
COP6PIP701
PIP702
PIP703
PIP704
PIP705
PIP706
PIP707
PIP708
PIP709
PIP7010
PIP7011
PIP7012
PIP7013
PIP7014
PIP7015PIP7016
PIP7017PIP7018
PIP7019
PIP7020
COP7
PIR1801 PIR1802COR18
PIR1901 PIR1902COR19
PIR3101PIR3102 COR31
PIR3201PIR3202 COR32
PIR3301PIR3302 CO
R33
PIR3401PIR3402 COR34
PIR3501PIR3502 COR35
PIR3601PIR3602 COR36
PIS301
PIS302
PIS303
PIS304
COS3
PIU1301
PIU1302
PIU1303
PIU1304
PIU1305
PIU1306
PIU1307
PIU1308
PIU1309
PIU13010
PIU13011
PIU13012
PIU13013
PIU13014
PIU13015
PIU13016
PIU13017
PIU13018
PIU13019
PIU13020
PIU13021
PIU13022
PIU13023
PIU13024
PIU13025
PIU13026
PIU13027
PIU13028 COU13
PIP602
PIP7011
PIR3601
NLCASSOC
PIP701
PIS304
NLCCOMMISPIP7017NLCCTS0
PIP703
NLCDIO1
PIP705
NLCDIO2
PIP707
NLCDIO3
PIP7019
NLCDIO4
PIP6014 NLCDIO11
PIP608 NLCDIO12
PIP6018 NLCDTR0
PIC2501
PIC3702
PIC3801PIC3901
PID402
PIJ104
PIP6020
PIP7013
PIS302
PIU1307
PIU13018
PIU13021
PIU13025
PIU13026
NLCGNDPIP6012 NLCRSSI
PIP6010 NLCRST
PIP709
NLCRTS0
PIR3101
PIR3201
NLCRX0SLAVE
PIP7015NLCSLEEP0
PIR3301
PIR3401
NLCTX0SLAVE
PIC2502
PID1001PID1101
PIR3501
PIU1304
PIU13017
NLCVCCIO
PIS303
PIS301
PIC3701
PIJ101
PIL701PIC3802
PIJ102PIU13016
PIC3902
PIJ103
PIU13015
PID401 PIR3602
PID1002PIR1802PID1102PIR1902
PIJ105
PIL702PIU13020
PIP601
PIP603
PIP604
PIR3102
PIP605
PIP606
PIR3302
PIP607
PIP609
PIP6011
PIP6013
PIP6015PIP6016
PIP6017
PIP6019
PIP702
PIP704
PIP706
PIP708
PIP7010
PIP7012
PIP7014
PIP7016
PIP7018
PIP7020
PIR1801
PIU13023
PIR1901
PIU13022
PIR3202
PIU1301
PIR3402PIU1305
PIR3502PIU13014
PIU1302
PIU1303
PIU1306
PIU1308
PIU1309
PIU13010
PIU13011
PIU13012
PIU13013
PIU13019
PIU13024
PIU13027
PIU13028
B.4. Sensor Node Hardware Schematics
106
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
DD
CC
BB
AA
PUC
K P4VLEDSUPPLY
LEDRTN
VIN1
2 VOUT
3
GND
U17R-78B5.0-1.0
24VREG
CGND
CGND
CGND
5VREF
CGND
EN1
IN2
GND
3
OUT
4
NR/FB5
GND
6
U20
TPS79633
CGND
5VREFC432.2uF 6.3V X7R
C442.2uF 6.3V X7R
C452.2uF 6.3V X7R
CGND
C4610nF
CGND
C3V3IN
R48
0LED
RTNCG
ND
GN
D N
ET TIE
R47
0
CTNT M
ES
1 23J22.1mm ID x 5mm OD
LEDRTN
VLEDSUPPLY
6 - 30V IN
/ 5V O
UT BUCK
5V / 3.3V
LINEA
R
DESK
TOP PO
WER EN
TRY
F133V / 1.85A@25C
24VREG
t° RT1
R40RS6011Y
A6009
S4
101-TS5511T26002R-EV
C3V3IN
C3V3A
CAGND
VS3
OUT
1
GND
2
IR RX
U18
TSOP38338C49TBD
0603 R38
TBD 0603
CGND
C3V3IN
CIRRX
IR RXUSER SLID
ER CON
TROL
CRI CON
TROL
CAGND
4 31
52U19AD
8605ARTZ
C50
100nF
CAGND
ADCCO
LORR41
56
C513.3nF
CAGND
C3V3OP
OPTIO
N
R43RS6011Y
A6009
C3V3A
CAGND
CAGND
4 31
52
U22AD
8605ARTZ
C52
100nF
CAGND
ADCINTNSTY
R44
56
C543.3nF
CAGND
C3V3OP
OPTIO
N
CGND
C3V3IN
Q3NDS355AN
CGND
LCRI
TCRI
C4747uF 35V
R16
TBD 0603
OUT
1
VDD
2
GND
3
U21
AMN11112
MO
TION
DETECTIO
N
C53TBD
0603
CGND
C3V3IN
MOTION
R42
TBD 0603
C4022UF 25V X5R 1210
C4122UF 25V X5R 1210
C4222UF 25V X5R 1210
R37TBD
0603
R39
TBD 0603
1uF
100 O
PIC4001 PIC4002COC40
PIC4101 PIC4102COC41
PIC4201 PIC4202COC42
PIC4301PIC4302COC43
PIC4401 PIC4402COC44
PIC4501 PIC4502COC45
PIC4601 PIC4602COC46
PIC4701PIC4702COC47
PIC4901 PIC4902COC49
PIC5001PIC5002
COC50
PIC5101 PIC5102COC51
PIC5201PIC5202
COC52
PIC5301 PIC5302COC53
PIC5401 PIC5402COC54
PIF101
PIF102
COF1PIJ201
PIJ202
PIJ203
COJ2
PIQ301
PIQ302 PIQ303COQ3
PIR1601PIR1602
COR16
PIR3701 PIR3702COR37
PIR3801PIR3802
COR38
PIR3901PIR3902 COR39
PIR4001PIR4002
PIR4003
COR40
PIR4101PIR4102
COR41
PIR4201PIR4202
COR42
PIR4301PIR4302
PIR4303
COR43
PIR4401PIR4402
COR44
PIR4701PIR4702
COR47
PIR4801PIR4802
COR48
PIRT101PIRT102
CORT1
PIS401
PIS402
PIS403
PIS404
PIS405
PIS406 COS4
PIU1701
PIU1702
PIU1703
COU17
PIU1801
PIU1802
PIU1803
COU18
PIU1901
PIU1902
PIU1903
PIU1904
PIU1905COU19
PIU2001
PIU2002
PIU2003
PIU2004
PIU2005
PIU2006 COU20
PIU2101
PIU2102
PIU2103
COU21
PIU2201
PIU2202
PIU2203
PIU2204
PIU2205COU22
PIC4102PIC4202
PIC4301
PIU1703
PIU2001
PIU2002
PIC4701
PIF102
PIRT101
PIC5102PIR4102
NLADCCOLOR
PIC5402PIR4402
NLADCINTNSTY
PIR4001PIR4301PIC5302
PIR3702
PIR3802
PIR4702
PIS406
PIU2102
PIC5001
PIC5201
PIU1905PIU2205
PIC5002
PIC5101
PIC5202
PIC5401
PIR4003PIR4303
PIU1902PIU2202PIC4001
PIC4101PIC4201
PIC4302PIC4401
PIC4501PIC4601
PIC4901
PIC5301
PIQ302
PIR4802
PIS403
PIS404
PIU1702
PIU1802
PIU2003
PIU2006
PIU2103
PIR1602NLCIRRX
PIQ301NLLCRI
PIC4702
PIJ202
PIJ203
PIR4801 PIR4202NLMOTION
PIC4002
PIRT102PIU1701
PIC4402PIC4502
PIR4701PIU2004
PIC4602PIU2005
PIC4902PIR3801
PIU1803
PIQ303
PIR3901
PIR1601
PIU1801
PIR3902PIS405
PIR4002PIU1903
PIR4101PIU1901
PIU1904
PIR4201
PIU2101
PIR4302PIU2203
PIR4401PIU2201
PIU2204
PIR3701PIS401
PIS402
NLTCRI
PIF101
PIJ201
B.4. Sensor Node Hardware Schematics
107
B.5. Sensor Node PCB
B.5 Sensor Node PCB
[follows on next page]
108
PAC102PAC101
COC1PAC202PAC201
COC2
PAC302PAC301
COC3PAC402
PAC401COC4
PAC502PAC501
COC5
PAC602PAC601
COC6PAC702PAC701
COC7PAC802PAC801
COC8
PAC902PAC901
COC9
PAC1001PAC1002COC10
PAC1102
PAC1101
COC11
PAC1202PAC1201
COC12
PAC1302PAC1301
COC13
PAC1401
PAC1402COC14
PAC1502
PAC1501 COC15PAC1602
PAC1601COC16
PAC1702PAC1701
COC17
PAC1801
PAC1802
COC18PAC1902
PAC1901
COC19
PAC2002
PAC2001
COC20 PAC2102
PAC2101
COC21
PAC2202
PAC2201
COC22
PAC2302
PAC2301
COC23
PAC2402PAC2401
COC24
PAC2502PAC2501
COC25
PAC2602PAC2601
COC26
PAC2702PAC2701
COC27
PAC2801
PAC2802COC28
PAC2902 PAC2901
COC29
PAC3002
PAC3001
COC30 PAC3102
PAC3101
COC31
PAC3202
PAC3201
COC32 PAC3302PAC3301 COC33
PAC3401
PAC3402
COC34PAC3502 PAC3501
COC35
PAC3602PAC3601
COC36
PAC3702PAC3701
COC37PAC3802
PAC3801
COC38PAC3902PAC3901
COC39PAC4002
PAC4001
COC40
PAC4101
PAC4102
COC41
PAC4201
PAC4202
COC42
PAC4302PAC4301COC43
PAC4402PAC4401
COC44
PAC4502PAC4501
COC45
PAC4602PAC4601
COC46
PAC4702PAC4701
COC47
PAC4801PAC4802
COC48
PAC4901PAC4902
COC49
PAC5001PAC5002
COC50
PAC5101PAC5102
COC51
PAC5201PAC5202
COC52
PAC5302
PAC5301COC53
PAC5401
PAC5402
COC54
PAC5502
PAC5501 COC55
PAC5602
PAC5601
COC56
PACC10DH
COCC1
PACC20DH
COCC2
PACC30DH
COCC3
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PACL20DHCOCL2
PAD102
PAD101
COD1
PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD301
PAD302
COD3
PAD402
PAD401
COD4
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10PAD1102PAD1101
COD11PAF102
PAF101COF1
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PAJ103PAJ102
PAJ101COJ1
PAJ202PAJ201 PAJ203
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COL1
PAL201PAL202
COL2
PAL402
PAL401
COL4
PAL501PAL502
COL5 PAL701
PAL702COL7
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PAP102
PAP103
PAP104
PAP105
PAP106
PAP107
PAP108
PAP109
PAP1010
PAP1011
PAP1012
PAP1013
PAP1014COP1
PAP201
PAP202
PAP203
PAP204PAP205
PAP206
PAP207
PAP208PAP209
PAP2010
PAP2011
PAP2012
COP2
PAP301PAP302
PAP303PAP304
PAP305PAP306
PAP307PAP308
PAP309PAP3010
PAP3011PAP3012
COP3
PAP401
PAP402
PAP403
PAP404PAP405
PAP406
PAP407
PAP408PAP409
PAP4010
PAP4011
PAP4012
COP4PAP501
PAP502PAP503
PAP504PAP505
PAP506PAP507
PAP508PAP509
PAP5010PAP5011
PAP5012
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PAP60U1PAP601
PAP603
PAP605
PAP607
PAP609
PAP6011
PAP6013
PAP6015
PAP6017
PAP6019
PAP602
PAP604
PAP606
PAP608
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PAP6012
PAP6014
PAP6016
PAP6018
PAP6020
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PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP709
PAP7011
PAP7013
PAP7015
PAP7017
PAP7019
PAP702
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
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PAP7012
PAP7014
PAP7016
PAP7018
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PAQ201
PAQ202PAQ203
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PAR201PAR202
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PAR401PAR402
COR4
PAR501PAR502
COR5
PAR601PAR602
COR6
PAR701PAR702COR7
PAR801
PAR802
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PAR901
PAR902
COR9
PAR1002PAR1001
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PAR1101PAR1102COR11
PAR1201PAR1202COR12
PAR1301PAR1302
COR13
PAR1401PAR1402
COR14
PAR1501PAR1502
COR15
PAR1602PAR1601COR16
PAR1701PAR1702
COR17
PAR1801PAR1802
COR18PAR1901
PAR1902
COR19
PAR2001PAR2002
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PAR2101PAR2102
COR21
PAR2201
PAR2202
COR22PAR2301
PAR2302
COR23PAR2402
PAR2401COR24
PAR2501PAR2502
COR25
PAR2601
PAR2602COR26PAR2701
PAR2702
COR27PAR2801
PAR2802COR28
PAR2901PAR2902
COR29
PAR3001PAR3002COR30
PAR3102PAR3101COR31
PAR3201
PAR3202
COR32
PAR3302PAR3301COR33
PAR3401
PAR3402
COR34PAR3501
PAR3502
COR35
PAR3601
PAR3602
COR36
PAR3701
PAR3702
COR37
PAR3801PAR3802COR38
PAR3901PAR3902
COR39
PAR400LPAR4003 PAR4002
PAR400MH PAR4001
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PAR4101PAR4102
COR41PAR4201
PAR4202COR42
PAR430LPAR4303 PAR4302
PAR430MH PAR4301
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PAR4401PAR4402
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PAR4701
PAR4702
COR47
PAR4801PAR4802COR48
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PART102
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PAS101
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PAS201PAS204
PAS202PAS203
COS2
PAS302
PAS304PAS303
PAS301
COS3
PAS403
PAS406PAS402
PAS404PAS405
PAS401
COS4
PAU1048PAU1047PAU1046PAU1045PAU1044PAU1043PAU1042PAU1041PAU1040PAU1039PAU1038PAU1037PAU1036
PAU1035
PAU1034
PAU1033
PAU1032PAU1031
PAU1030
PAU1029
PAU1028
PAU1027PAU1026
PAU1025
PAU1024PAU1023PAU1022PAU1021
PAU1020PAU1019PAU1018
PAU1017PAU1016PAU1015PAU1014
PAU1013PAU1012
PAU1011
PAU1010PAU109
PAU108
PAU107
PAU106
PAU105PAU104
PAU103
PAU102
PAU101
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PAU201
PAU202
PAU203PAU204
PAU208
PAU207
PAU206PAU205
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PAU301
PAU302PAU303
PAU304
PAU305
COU3
PAU401
PAU402PAU403
PAU404
PAU405
COU4
PAU501
PAU502PAU503
PAU504
PAU505
COU5
PAU60HSPAU604PAU605
PAU603PAU602
PAU606PAU601 COU6
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PAU702PAU703
PAU704
PAU705
COU7
PAU801
PAU802PAU803
PAU804
PAU805
COU8
PAU901
PAU902PAU903
PAU904
PAU905
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PAU100HSPAU1004PAU1005
PAU1003PAU1002
PAU1006PAU1001
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PAU1101PAU1102PAU1103 PAU1104PAU1105
COU11
PAU120HSPAU1204PAU1205
PAU1203PAU1202
PAU1206PAU1201
COU12
PAU13015PAU13016PAU13017
PAU13018PAU13019
PAU13020PAU13021
PAU13022PAU13023PAU13024
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU13027PAU13028
PAU13014PAU13013PAU13012
PAU13011PAU13010
PAU1309PAU1308
PAU1307PAU1306PAU1305
PAU1304PAU1303
PAU1302PAU1301
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PAU1401PAU1402PAU1403PAU1404
PAU1408PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405
COU14
PAU150A1PAU150A2PAU150A3
PAU150B1PAU150B2PAU150B3
COU15
PAU1601PAU1602
PAU1605PAU1604PAU1603
COU16
PAU1703PAU1702PAU1701
COU17
PAU1801
PAU1803
PAU1802
COU18
PAU1901PAU1902PAU1903 PAU1904PAU1905
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAU2101PAU2102
PAU2103
COU21
PAU2205PAU2204PAU2203
PAU2202PAU2201
COU22
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAF102 PART101
PAC5102
PAP204
PAR4102
PAU106
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018
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PAP206
PAR4402
PAU104
PAC602PAC702
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PAC1402
PAC1802PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501PAP2011
PAR4001PAR4301
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102
PAP402
PAR1402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAC4802
PAC5302
PAC5502
PAC5601
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PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAP602
PAR202PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602
PAR1102PAR1202
PAR3702
PAR3802
PAR4702
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PAU1405
PAU150B2
PAU1605
PAU2102
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601PAC2701
PAC3301
PAC5001
PAC5201
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305PAU405
PAU505
PAU703
PAU705PAU805
PAU905
PAU1105 PAU1905PAU2205
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PAP209
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PAP208
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PAC3602
PAP207
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PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901
PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602PAC2702
PAC2801PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201 PAC3302
PAC3401PAC3501
PAC3601
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PAC5101
PAC5202
PAC5401
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAR4003PAR4303
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PAU302PAU402
PAU502
PAU602PAU604
PAU702PAU802
PAU902
PAU1002PAU1004
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PAU1202
PAU1204
PAU1902PAU2202
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PAR3601
PAP701
PAS304
PAP7017
PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP7019
PAP6014
PAP608
PAP6018
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PAP1014
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PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAC4801 PAC4901
PAC5301
PAC5501
PAC5602
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PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6020
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PAQ202
PAQ302
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PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAS403PAS404
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PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
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PAU1604
PAU1702
PAU1802
PAU2003
PAU2006
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PAU1042PAP306
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PAR1602
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PAP6012
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PAR3201
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PAR2901
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COC3PAC402
PAC401COC4
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COC5
PAC602PAC601
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COC7PAC802PAC801
COC8
PAC902PAC901
COC9
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PAC1101
COC11
PAC1202PAC1201
COC12
PAC1302PAC1301
COC13
PAC1401
PAC1402COC14
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PAC1601COC16
PAC1702PAC1701
COC17
PAC1801
PAC1802
COC18PAC1902
PAC1901
COC19
PAC2002
PAC2001
COC20 PAC2102
PAC2101
COC21
PAC2202
PAC2201
COC22
PAC2302
PAC2301
COC23
PAC2402PAC2401
COC24
PAC2502PAC2501
COC25
PAC2602PAC2601
COC26
PAC2702PAC2701
COC27
PAC2801
PAC2802COC28
PAC2902 PAC2901
COC29
PAC3002
PAC3001
COC30 PAC3102
PAC3101
COC31
PAC3202
PAC3201
COC32 PAC3302PAC3301 COC33
PAC3401
PAC3402
COC34PAC3502 PAC3501
COC35
PAC3602PAC3601
COC36
PAC3702PAC3701
COC37PAC3802
PAC3801
COC38PAC3902PAC3901
COC39PAC4002
PAC4001
COC40
PAC4101
PAC4102
COC41
PAC4201
PAC4202
COC42
PAC4302PAC4301COC43
PAC4402PAC4401
COC44
PAC4502PAC4501
COC45
PAC4602PAC4601
COC46
PAC4702PAC4701
COC47
PAC4801PAC4802
COC48
PAC4901PAC4902
COC49
PAC5001PAC5002
COC50
PAC5101PAC5102
COC51
PAC5201PAC5202
COC52
PAC5302
PAC5301COC53
PAC5401
PAC5402
COC54
PAC5502
PAC5501 COC55
PAC5602
PAC5601
COC56
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PACC20DH
COCC2
PACC30DH
COCC3
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PACL20DHCOCL2
PAD102
PAD101
COD1
PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD301
PAD302
COD3
PAD402
PAD401
COD4
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10PAD1102PAD1101
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PAF101COF1
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PAJ103PAJ102
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PAJ202PAJ201 PAJ203
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PAL401
COL4
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PAP102
PAP103
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PAP105
PAP106
PAP107
PAP108
PAP109
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PAP1011
PAP1012
PAP1013
PAP1014COP1
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PAP202
PAP203
PAP204PAP205
PAP206
PAP207
PAP208PAP209
PAP2010
PAP2011
PAP2012
COP2
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PAP303PAP304
PAP305PAP306
PAP307PAP308
PAP309PAP3010
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PAP402
PAP403
PAP404PAP405
PAP406
PAP407
PAP408PAP409
PAP4010
PAP4011
PAP4012
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PAP502PAP503
PAP504PAP505
PAP506PAP507
PAP508PAP509
PAP5010PAP5011
PAP5012
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PAP603
PAP605
PAP607
PAP609
PAP6011
PAP6013
PAP6015
PAP6017
PAP6019
PAP602
PAP604
PAP606
PAP608
PAP6010
PAP6012
PAP6014
PAP6016
PAP6018
PAP6020
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PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP709
PAP7011
PAP7013
PAP7015
PAP7017
PAP7019
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PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
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PAP7012
PAP7014
PAP7016
PAP7018
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PAQ202PAQ203
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PAR201PAR202
COR2 PAR301PAR302
COR3
PAR401PAR402
COR4
PAR501PAR502
COR5
PAR601PAR602
COR6
PAR701PAR702COR7
PAR801
PAR802
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PAR901
PAR902
COR9
PAR1002PAR1001
COR10
PAR1101PAR1102COR11
PAR1201PAR1202COR12
PAR1301PAR1302
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PAR1401PAR1402
COR14
PAR1501PAR1502
COR15
PAR1602PAR1601COR16
PAR1701PAR1702
COR17
PAR1801PAR1802
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PAR1902
COR19
PAR2001PAR2002
COR20
PAR2101PAR2102
COR21
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PAR2202
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PAR2302
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PAR2401COR24
PAR2501PAR2502
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PAR2601
PAR2602COR26PAR2701
PAR2702
COR27PAR2801
PAR2802COR28
PAR2901PAR2902
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PAR3001PAR3002COR30
PAR3102PAR3101COR31
PAR3201
PAR3202
COR32
PAR3302PAR3301COR33
PAR3401
PAR3402
COR34PAR3501
PAR3502
COR35
PAR3601
PAR3602
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PAR3701
PAR3702
COR37
PAR3801PAR3802COR38
PAR3901PAR3902
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PAR400MH PAR4001
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PAR4101PAR4102
COR41PAR4201
PAR4202COR42
PAR430LPAR4303 PAR4302
PAR430MH PAR4301
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PAR4401PAR4402
COR44
PAR4701
PAR4702
COR47
PAR4801PAR4802COR48
PART101
PART102
CORT1
PAS102
PAS104PAS103
PAS101
COS1
PAS201PAS204
PAS202PAS203
COS2
PAS302
PAS304PAS303
PAS301
COS3
PAS403
PAS406PAS402
PAS404PAS405
PAS401
COS4
PAU1048PAU1047PAU1046PAU1045PAU1044PAU1043PAU1042PAU1041PAU1040PAU1039PAU1038PAU1037PAU1036
PAU1035
PAU1034
PAU1033
PAU1032PAU1031
PAU1030
PAU1029
PAU1028
PAU1027PAU1026
PAU1025
PAU1024PAU1023PAU1022PAU1021
PAU1020PAU1019PAU1018
PAU1017PAU1016PAU1015PAU1014
PAU1013PAU1012
PAU1011
PAU1010PAU109
PAU108
PAU107
PAU106
PAU105PAU104
PAU103
PAU102
PAU101
COU1
PAU201
PAU202
PAU203PAU204
PAU208
PAU207
PAU206PAU205
COU2
PAU301
PAU302PAU303
PAU304
PAU305
COU3
PAU401
PAU402PAU403
PAU404
PAU405
COU4
PAU501
PAU502PAU503
PAU504
PAU505
COU5
PAU60HSPAU604PAU605
PAU603PAU602
PAU606PAU601 COU6
PAU701
PAU702PAU703
PAU704
PAU705
COU7
PAU801
PAU802PAU803
PAU804
PAU805
COU8
PAU901
PAU902PAU903
PAU904
PAU905
COU9
PAU100HSPAU1004PAU1005
PAU1003PAU1002
PAU1006PAU1001
COU10
PAU1101PAU1102PAU1103 PAU1104PAU1105
COU11
PAU120HSPAU1204PAU1205
PAU1203PAU1202
PAU1206PAU1201
COU12
PAU13015PAU13016PAU13017
PAU13018PAU13019
PAU13020PAU13021
PAU13022PAU13023PAU13024
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU13027PAU13028
PAU13014PAU13013PAU13012
PAU13011PAU13010
PAU1309PAU1308
PAU1307PAU1306PAU1305
PAU1304PAU1303
PAU1302PAU1301
COU13
PAU1401PAU1402PAU1403PAU1404
PAU1408PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405
COU14
PAU150A1PAU150A2PAU150A3
PAU150B1PAU150B2PAU150B3
COU15
PAU1601PAU1602
PAU1605PAU1604PAU1603
COU16
PAU1703PAU1702PAU1701
COU17
PAU1801
PAU1803
PAU1802
COU18
PAU1901PAU1902PAU1903 PAU1904PAU1905
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAU2101PAU2102
PAU2103
COU21
PAU2205PAU2204PAU2203
PAU2202PAU2201
COU22
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAF102 PART101
PAC5102
PAP204
PAR4102
PAU106
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018
PAC5402
PAP206
PAR4402
PAU104
PAC602PAC702
PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501PAP2011
PAR4001PAR4301
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102
PAP402
PAR1402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAC4802
PAC5302
PAC5502
PAC5601
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAP602
PAR202PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602
PAR1102PAR1202
PAR3702
PAR3802
PAR4702
PAS406
PAU208
PAU1405
PAU150B2
PAU1605
PAU2102
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601PAC2701
PAC3301
PAC5001
PAC5201
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305PAU405
PAU505
PAU703
PAU705PAU805
PAU905
PAU1105 PAU1905PAU2205
PAC3202
PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208
PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901
PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602PAC2702
PAC2801PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201 PAC3302
PAC3401PAC3501
PAC3601
PAC5002
PAC5101
PAC5202
PAC5401
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAR4003PAR4303
PAU1012
PAU302PAU402
PAU502
PAU602PAU604
PAU702PAU802
PAU902
PAU1002PAU1004
PAU1102
PAU1202
PAU1204
PAU1902PAU2202
PAP7011
PAR3601
PAP701
PAS304
PAP7017
PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP7019
PAP6014
PAP608
PAP6018
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAR102PAU1603
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAC4801 PAC4901
PAC5301
PAC5501
PAC5602
PAD402
PAJ104
PAL401
PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6020
PAP7013
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAQ302
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAS403PAS404
PAU1033
PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1404
PAU150A3
PAU1604
PAU1702
PAU1802
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAU2103PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAU1602
PAR401PAU1038
PAU150B3
PAP503
PAR1602
PAU1039
PAP505
PAQ201
PAU1041
PAP308
PAU1017
PAU206
PAS101PAS301
PAP105
PAP6012
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP6010
PAR1401
PAS104
PAU103
PAP709
PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
PAR201
PAU1401PAR301
PAU1402
PAP4011
PAU1026
PAU1407PAP301
PAU1024
PAU1408
PAP401PAR601
PAU1036
PAU150A1
PAP406PAR501
PAU1031
PAU150B1
PAP7015
PAP3011
PAQ101
PAU1014
PAP309
PAU1016
PAU150A2
PAU201
PAU1406
PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
PAU1020
PAP107
PAP303
PAR1502
PAR2002PAS202
PAU1022
PAP5011
PAU1047
PAU202
PAU1601
PAP101
PAP304
PAU1021
PAP102
PAP202
PAR1302
PAU102
PAP201
PAR3301
PAR3401
PAU101
PAC2502
PAD1001PAD1101
PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502PAP504
PAU1040
PAP409
PAQ301
PAU1028
PAC4702PAJ202
PAJ203PAR4801
PAP501
PAR4202
PAU1037
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
PAC902PAU1032
PAC1002
PAU1043
PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
PAU501
PAU504PAC2101
PAR2201PAU503
PAC3001
PAR2501
PAR2602
PAC3002
PAU803
PAU901
PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601PAU903
PAC3701
PAJ101
PAL701
PAC3802
PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAC4902
PAR3801PAU1803
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002
PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP604PAR3102
PAP606PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ303PAR3901
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1601PAU1801
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102PAR2401 PAU301
PAR2301PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402
PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502PAR2801
PAU701PAR2701
PAU801
PAU804
PAR2802
PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101
PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301PAR3402
PAU1305PAR3502
PAU13014
PAR3902
PAS405
PAR4002
PAU1903PAR4101
PAU1901PAU1904
PAR4201PAU2101
PAR4302
PAU2203PAR4401
PAU2201PAU2204
PAS103PAS303
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAU1403
PAP408
PAR3701
PAS401PAS402
PAU1029
PAF101 PAJ201
B.5. Sensor Node PCB
110
PAC102PAC101
COC1PAC202PAC201
COC2
PAC302PAC301
COC3PAC402
PAC401COC4
PAC502PAC501
COC5
PAC602PAC601
COC6PAC702PAC701
COC7PAC802PAC801
COC8
PAC902PAC901
COC9
PAC1001PAC1002COC10
PAC1102
PAC1101
COC11
PAC1202PAC1201
COC12
PAC1302PAC1301
COC13
PAC1401
PAC1402COC14
PAC1502
PAC1501 COC15PAC1602
PAC1601COC16
PAC1702PAC1701
COC17
PAC1801
PAC1802
COC18PAC1902
PAC1901
COC19
PAC2002
PAC2001
COC20 PAC2102
PAC2101
COC21
PAC2202
PAC2201
COC22
PAC2302
PAC2301
COC23
PAC2402PAC2401
COC24
PAC2502PAC2501
COC25
PAC2602PAC2601
COC26
PAC2702PAC2701
COC27
PAC2801
PAC2802COC28
PAC2902 PAC2901
COC29
PAC3002
PAC3001
COC30 PAC3102
PAC3101
COC31
PAC3202
PAC3201
COC32 PAC3302PAC3301 COC33
PAC3401
PAC3402
COC34PAC3502 PAC3501
COC35
PAC3602PAC3601
COC36
PAC3702PAC3701
COC37PAC3802
PAC3801
COC38PAC3902PAC3901
COC39PAC4002
PAC4001
COC40
PAC4101
PAC4102
COC41
PAC4201
PAC4202
COC42
PAC4302PAC4301COC43
PAC4402PAC4401
COC44
PAC4502PAC4501
COC45
PAC4602PAC4601
COC46
PAC4702PAC4701
COC47
PAC4801PAC4802
COC48
PAC4901PAC4902
COC49
PAC5001PAC5002
COC50
PAC5101PAC5102
COC51
PAC5201PAC5202
COC52
PAC5302
PAC5301COC53
PAC5401
PAC5402
COC54
PAC5502
PAC5501 COC55
PAC5602
PAC5601
COC56
PACC10DH
COCC1
PACC20DH
COCC2
PACC30DH
COCC3
PACL10DHCOCL1
PACL20DHCOCL2
PAD102
PAD101
COD1
PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD301
PAD302
COD3
PAD402
PAD401
COD4
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10PAD1102PAD1101
COD11PAF102
PAF101COF1
PAJ105PAJ104
PAJ103PAJ102
PAJ101COJ1
PAJ202PAJ201 PAJ203
COJ2
PAL101PAL102
COL1
PAL201PAL202
COL2
PAL402
PAL401
COL4
PAL501PAL502
COL5 PAL701
PAL702COL7
PAP101
PAP102
PAP103
PAP104
PAP105
PAP106
PAP107
PAP108
PAP109
PAP1010
PAP1011
PAP1012
PAP1013
PAP1014COP1
PAP201
PAP202
PAP203
PAP204PAP205
PAP206
PAP207
PAP208PAP209
PAP2010
PAP2011
PAP2012
COP2
PAP301PAP302
PAP303PAP304
PAP305PAP306
PAP307PAP308
PAP309PAP3010
PAP3011PAP3012
COP3
PAP401
PAP402
PAP403
PAP404PAP405
PAP406
PAP407
PAP408PAP409
PAP4010
PAP4011
PAP4012
COP4PAP501
PAP502PAP503
PAP504PAP505
PAP506PAP507
PAP508PAP509
PAP5010PAP5011
PAP5012
COP5
PAP60U1PAP601
PAP603
PAP605
PAP607
PAP609
PAP6011
PAP6013
PAP6015
PAP6017
PAP6019
PAP602
PAP604
PAP606
PAP608
PAP6010
PAP6012
PAP6014
PAP6016
PAP6018
PAP6020
COP6
PAP70U1PAP701
PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP709
PAP7011
PAP7013
PAP7015
PAP7017
PAP7019
PAP702
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
PAP7010
PAP7012
PAP7014
PAP7016
PAP7018
PAP7020
COP7
PAQ103
PAQ102PAQ101
COQ1
PAQ201
PAQ202PAQ203
COQ2
PAQ303PAQ302
PAQ301COQ3
PAR101PAR102COR1
PAR201PAR202
COR2 PAR301PAR302
COR3
PAR401PAR402
COR4
PAR501PAR502
COR5
PAR601PAR602
COR6
PAR701PAR702COR7
PAR801
PAR802
COR8
PAR901
PAR902
COR9
PAR1002PAR1001
COR10
PAR1101PAR1102COR11
PAR1201PAR1202COR12
PAR1301PAR1302
COR13
PAR1401PAR1402
COR14
PAR1501PAR1502
COR15
PAR1602PAR1601COR16
PAR1701PAR1702
COR17
PAR1801PAR1802
COR18PAR1901
PAR1902
COR19
PAR2001PAR2002
COR20
PAR2101PAR2102
COR21
PAR2201
PAR2202
COR22PAR2301
PAR2302
COR23PAR2402
PAR2401COR24
PAR2501PAR2502
COR25
PAR2601
PAR2602COR26PAR2701
PAR2702
COR27PAR2801
PAR2802COR28
PAR2901PAR2902
COR29
PAR3001PAR3002COR30
PAR3102PAR3101COR31
PAR3201
PAR3202
COR32
PAR3302PAR3301COR33
PAR3401
PAR3402
COR34PAR3501
PAR3502
COR35
PAR3601
PAR3602
COR36
PAR3701
PAR3702
COR37
PAR3801PAR3802COR38
PAR3901PAR3902
COR39
PAR400LPAR4003 PAR4002
PAR400MH PAR4001
COR40
PAR4101PAR4102
COR41PAR4201
PAR4202COR42
PAR430LPAR4303 PAR4302
PAR430MH PAR4301
COR43
PAR4401PAR4402
COR44
PAR4701
PAR4702
COR47
PAR4801PAR4802COR48
PART101
PART102
CORT1
PAS102
PAS104PAS103
PAS101
COS1
PAS201PAS204
PAS202PAS203
COS2
PAS302
PAS304PAS303
PAS301
COS3
PAS403
PAS406PAS402
PAS404PAS405
PAS401
COS4
PAU1048PAU1047PAU1046PAU1045PAU1044PAU1043PAU1042PAU1041PAU1040PAU1039PAU1038PAU1037PAU1036
PAU1035
PAU1034
PAU1033
PAU1032PAU1031
PAU1030
PAU1029
PAU1028
PAU1027PAU1026
PAU1025
PAU1024PAU1023PAU1022PAU1021
PAU1020PAU1019PAU1018
PAU1017PAU1016PAU1015PAU1014
PAU1013PAU1012
PAU1011
PAU1010PAU109
PAU108
PAU107
PAU106
PAU105PAU104
PAU103
PAU102
PAU101
COU1
PAU201
PAU202
PAU203PAU204
PAU208
PAU207
PAU206PAU205
COU2
PAU301
PAU302PAU303
PAU304
PAU305
COU3
PAU401
PAU402PAU403
PAU404
PAU405
COU4
PAU501
PAU502PAU503
PAU504
PAU505
COU5
PAU60HSPAU604PAU605
PAU603PAU602
PAU606PAU601 COU6
PAU701
PAU702PAU703
PAU704
PAU705
COU7
PAU801
PAU802PAU803
PAU804
PAU805
COU8
PAU901
PAU902PAU903
PAU904
PAU905
COU9
PAU100HSPAU1004PAU1005
PAU1003PAU1002
PAU1006PAU1001
COU10
PAU1101PAU1102PAU1103 PAU1104PAU1105
COU11
PAU120HSPAU1204PAU1205
PAU1203PAU1202
PAU1206PAU1201
COU12
PAU13015PAU13016PAU13017
PAU13018PAU13019
PAU13020PAU13021
PAU13022PAU13023PAU13024
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU13027PAU13028
PAU13014PAU13013PAU13012
PAU13011PAU13010
PAU1309PAU1308
PAU1307PAU1306PAU1305
PAU1304PAU1303
PAU1302PAU1301
COU13
PAU1401PAU1402PAU1403PAU1404
PAU1408PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405
COU14
PAU150A1PAU150A2PAU150A3
PAU150B1PAU150B2PAU150B3
COU15
PAU1601PAU1602
PAU1605PAU1604PAU1603
COU16
PAU1703PAU1702PAU1701
COU17
PAU1801
PAU1803
PAU1802
COU18
PAU1901PAU1902PAU1903 PAU1904PAU1905
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAU2101PAU2102
PAU2103
COU21
PAU2205PAU2204PAU2203
PAU2202PAU2201
COU22
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAF102 PART101
PAC5102
PAP204
PAR4102
PAU106
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018
PAC5402
PAP206
PAR4402
PAU104
PAC602PAC702
PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501PAP2011
PAR4001PAR4301
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102
PAP402
PAR1402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAC4802
PAC5302
PAC5502
PAC5601
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAP602
PAR202PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602
PAR1102PAR1202
PAR3702
PAR3802
PAR4702
PAS406
PAU208
PAU1405
PAU150B2
PAU1605
PAU2102
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601PAC2701
PAC3301
PAC5001
PAC5201
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305PAU405
PAU505
PAU703
PAU705PAU805
PAU905
PAU1105 PAU1905PAU2205
PAC3202
PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208
PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901
PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602PAC2702
PAC2801PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201 PAC3302
PAC3401PAC3501
PAC3601
PAC5002
PAC5101
PAC5202
PAC5401
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAR4003PAR4303
PAU1012
PAU302PAU402
PAU502
PAU602PAU604
PAU702PAU802
PAU902
PAU1002PAU1004
PAU1102
PAU1202
PAU1204
PAU1902PAU2202
PAP7011
PAR3601
PAP701
PAS304
PAP7017
PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP7019
PAP6014
PAP608
PAP6018
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAR102PAU1603
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAC4801 PAC4901
PAC5301
PAC5501
PAC5602
PAD402
PAJ104
PAL401
PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6020
PAP7013
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAQ302
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAS403PAS404
PAU1033
PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1404
PAU150A3
PAU1604
PAU1702
PAU1802
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAU2103PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAU1602
PAR401PAU1038
PAU150B3
PAP503
PAR1602
PAU1039
PAP505
PAQ201
PAU1041
PAP308
PAU1017
PAU206
PAS101PAS301
PAP105
PAP6012
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP6010
PAR1401
PAS104
PAU103
PAP709
PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
PAR201
PAU1401PAR301
PAU1402
PAP4011
PAU1026
PAU1407PAP301
PAU1024
PAU1408
PAP401PAR601
PAU1036
PAU150A1
PAP406PAR501
PAU1031
PAU150B1
PAP7015
PAP3011
PAQ101
PAU1014
PAP309
PAU1016
PAU150A2
PAU201
PAU1406
PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
PAU1020
PAP107
PAP303
PAR1502
PAR2002PAS202
PAU1022
PAP5011
PAU1047
PAU202
PAU1601
PAP101
PAP304
PAU1021
PAP102
PAP202
PAR1302
PAU102
PAP201
PAR3301
PAR3401
PAU101
PAC2502
PAD1001PAD1101
PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502PAP504
PAU1040
PAP409
PAQ301
PAU1028
PAC4702PAJ202
PAJ203PAR4801
PAP501
PAR4202
PAU1037
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
PAC902PAU1032
PAC1002
PAU1043
PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
PAU501
PAU504PAC2101
PAR2201PAU503
PAC3001
PAR2501
PAR2602
PAC3002
PAU803
PAU901
PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601PAU903
PAC3701
PAJ101
PAL701
PAC3802
PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAC4902
PAR3801PAU1803
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002
PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP604PAR3102
PAP606PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ303PAR3901
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1601PAU1801
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102PAR2401 PAU301
PAR2301PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402
PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502PAR2801
PAU701PAR2701
PAU801
PAU804
PAR2802
PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101
PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301PAR3402
PAU1305PAR3502
PAU13014
PAR3902
PAS405
PAR4002
PAU1903PAR4101
PAU1901PAU1904
PAR4201PAU2101
PAR4302
PAU2203PAR4401
PAU2201PAU2204
PAS103PAS303
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAU1403
PAP408
PAR3701
PAS401PAS402
PAU1029
PAF101 PAJ201
B.5. Sensor Node PCB
111
PAC102PAC101
COC1PAC202PAC201
COC2
PAC302PAC301
COC3PAC402
PAC401COC4
PAC502PAC501
COC5
PAC602PAC601
COC6PAC702PAC701
COC7PAC802PAC801
COC8
PAC902PAC901
COC9
PAC1001PAC1002COC10
PAC1102
PAC1101
COC11
PAC1202PAC1201
COC12
PAC1302PAC1301
COC13
PAC1401
PAC1402COC14
PAC1502
PAC1501 COC15PAC1602
PAC1601COC16
PAC1702PAC1701
COC17
PAC1801
PAC1802
COC18PAC1902
PAC1901
COC19
PAC2002
PAC2001
COC20 PAC2102
PAC2101
COC21
PAC2202
PAC2201
COC22
PAC2302
PAC2301
COC23
PAC2402PAC2401
COC24
PAC2502PAC2501
COC25
PAC2602PAC2601
COC26
PAC2702PAC2701
COC27
PAC2801
PAC2802COC28
PAC2902 PAC2901
COC29
PAC3002
PAC3001
COC30 PAC3102
PAC3101
COC31
PAC3202
PAC3201
COC32 PAC3302PAC3301 COC33
PAC3401
PAC3402
COC34PAC3502 PAC3501
COC35
PAC3602PAC3601
COC36
PAC3702PAC3701
COC37PAC3802
PAC3801
COC38PAC3902PAC3901
COC39PAC4002
PAC4001
COC40
PAC4101
PAC4102
COC41
PAC4201
PAC4202
COC42
PAC4302PAC4301COC43
PAC4402PAC4401
COC44
PAC4502PAC4501
COC45
PAC4602PAC4601
COC46
PAC4702PAC4701
COC47
PAC4801PAC4802
COC48
PAC4901PAC4902
COC49
PAC5001PAC5002
COC50
PAC5101PAC5102
COC51
PAC5201PAC5202
COC52
PAC5302
PAC5301COC53
PAC5401
PAC5402
COC54
PAC5502
PAC5501 COC55
PAC5602
PAC5601
COC56
PACC10DH
COCC1
PACC20DH
COCC2
PACC30DH
COCC3
PACL10DHCOCL1
PACL20DHCOCL2
PAD102
PAD101
COD1
PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD301
PAD302
COD3
PAD402
PAD401
COD4
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10PAD1102PAD1101
COD11PAF102
PAF101COF1
PAJ105PAJ104
PAJ103PAJ102
PAJ101COJ1
PAJ202PAJ201 PAJ203
COJ2
PAL101PAL102
COL1
PAL201PAL202
COL2
PAL402
PAL401
COL4
PAL501PAL502
COL5 PAL701
PAL702COL7
PAP101
PAP102
PAP103
PAP104
PAP105
PAP106
PAP107
PAP108
PAP109
PAP1010
PAP1011
PAP1012
PAP1013
PAP1014COP1
PAP201
PAP202
PAP203
PAP204PAP205
PAP206
PAP207
PAP208PAP209
PAP2010
PAP2011
PAP2012
COP2
PAP301PAP302
PAP303PAP304
PAP305PAP306
PAP307PAP308
PAP309PAP3010
PAP3011PAP3012
COP3
PAP401
PAP402
PAP403
PAP404PAP405
PAP406
PAP407
PAP408PAP409
PAP4010
PAP4011
PAP4012
COP4PAP501
PAP502PAP503
PAP504PAP505
PAP506PAP507
PAP508PAP509
PAP5010PAP5011
PAP5012
COP5
PAP60U1PAP601
PAP603
PAP605
PAP607
PAP609
PAP6011
PAP6013
PAP6015
PAP6017
PAP6019
PAP602
PAP604
PAP606
PAP608
PAP6010
PAP6012
PAP6014
PAP6016
PAP6018
PAP6020
COP6
PAP70U1PAP701
PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP709
PAP7011
PAP7013
PAP7015
PAP7017
PAP7019
PAP702
PAP704
PAP706
PAP708
PAP7010
PAP7012
PAP7014
PAP7016
PAP7018
PAP7020
COP7
PAQ103
PAQ102PAQ101
COQ1
PAQ201
PAQ202PAQ203
COQ2
PAQ303PAQ302
PAQ301COQ3
PAR101PAR102COR1
PAR201PAR202
COR2 PAR301PAR302
COR3
PAR401PAR402
COR4
PAR501PAR502
COR5
PAR601PAR602
COR6
PAR701PAR702COR7
PAR801
PAR802
COR8
PAR901
PAR902
COR9
PAR1002PAR1001
COR10
PAR1101PAR1102COR11
PAR1201PAR1202COR12
PAR1301PAR1302
COR13
PAR1401PAR1402
COR14
PAR1501PAR1502
COR15
PAR1602PAR1601COR16
PAR1701PAR1702
COR17
PAR1801PAR1802
COR18PAR1901
PAR1902
COR19
PAR2001PAR2002
COR20
PAR2101PAR2102
COR21
PAR2201
PAR2202
COR22PAR2301
PAR2302
COR23PAR2402
PAR2401COR24
PAR2501PAR2502
COR25
PAR2601
PAR2602COR26PAR2701
PAR2702
COR27PAR2801
PAR2802COR28
PAR2901PAR2902
COR29
PAR3001PAR3002COR30
PAR3102PAR3101COR31
PAR3201
PAR3202
COR32
PAR3302PAR3301COR33
PAR3401
PAR3402
COR34PAR3501
PAR3502
COR35
PAR3601
PAR3602
COR36
PAR3701
PAR3702
COR37
PAR3801PAR3802COR38
PAR3901PAR3902
COR39
PAR400LPAR4003 PAR4002
PAR400MH PAR4001
COR40
PAR4101PAR4102
COR41PAR4201
PAR4202COR42
PAR430LPAR4303 PAR4302
PAR430MH PAR4301
COR43
PAR4401PAR4402
COR44
PAR4701
PAR4702
COR47
PAR4801PAR4802COR48
PART101
PART102
CORT1
PAS102
PAS104PAS103
PAS101
COS1
PAS201PAS204
PAS202PAS203
COS2
PAS302
PAS304PAS303
PAS301
COS3
PAS403
PAS406PAS402
PAS404PAS405
PAS401
COS4
PAU1048PAU1047PAU1046PAU1045PAU1044PAU1043PAU1042PAU1041PAU1040PAU1039PAU1038PAU1037PAU1036
PAU1035
PAU1034
PAU1033
PAU1032PAU1031
PAU1030
PAU1029
PAU1028
PAU1027PAU1026
PAU1025
PAU1024PAU1023PAU1022PAU1021
PAU1020PAU1019PAU1018
PAU1017PAU1016PAU1015PAU1014
PAU1013PAU1012
PAU1011
PAU1010PAU109
PAU108
PAU107
PAU106
PAU105PAU104
PAU103
PAU102
PAU101
COU1
PAU201
PAU202
PAU203PAU204
PAU208
PAU207
PAU206PAU205
COU2
PAU301
PAU302PAU303
PAU304
PAU305
COU3
PAU401
PAU402PAU403
PAU404
PAU405
COU4
PAU501
PAU502PAU503
PAU504
PAU505
COU5
PAU60HSPAU604PAU605
PAU603PAU602
PAU606PAU601 COU6
PAU701
PAU702PAU703
PAU704
PAU705
COU7
PAU801
PAU802PAU803
PAU804
PAU805
COU8
PAU901
PAU902PAU903
PAU904
PAU905
COU9
PAU100HSPAU1004PAU1005
PAU1003PAU1002
PAU1006PAU1001
COU10
PAU1101PAU1102PAU1103 PAU1104PAU1105
COU11
PAU120HSPAU1204PAU1205
PAU1203PAU1202
PAU1206PAU1201
COU12
PAU13015PAU13016PAU13017
PAU13018PAU13019
PAU13020PAU13021
PAU13022PAU13023PAU13024
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU13027PAU13028
PAU13014PAU13013PAU13012
PAU13011PAU13010
PAU1309PAU1308
PAU1307PAU1306PAU1305
PAU1304PAU1303
PAU1302PAU1301
COU13
PAU1401PAU1402PAU1403PAU1404
PAU1408PAU1407PAU1406PAU1405
COU14
PAU150A1PAU150A2PAU150A3
PAU150B1PAU150B2PAU150B3
COU15
PAU1601PAU1602
PAU1605PAU1604PAU1603
COU16
PAU1703PAU1702PAU1701
COU17
PAU1801
PAU1803
PAU1802
COU18
PAU1901PAU1902PAU1903 PAU1904PAU1905
COU19
PAU2006
PAU2005PAU2004PAU2003PAU2002PAU2001COU20
PAU2101PAU2102
PAU2103
COU21
PAU2205PAU2204PAU2203
PAU2202PAU2201
COU22
PAC4102PAC4202
PAC4301PAU1703
PAU2001PAU2002
PAC4701
PAF102 PART101
PAC5102
PAP204
PAR4102
PAU106
PAP2010
PAU1010
PAP205
PAU105
PAP3012
PAU1013
PAP3010
PAU1015PAP307 PAU1018
PAC5402
PAP206
PAR4402
PAU104
PAC602PAC702
PAC802
PAC1402
PAC1802PAC1902
PAC2802PAC2902
PAC3402PAC3502
PAL202
PAL501PAP2011
PAR4001PAR4301
PAU1011
PAU601
PAU1001
PAU1201
PAC302
PAC402
PAC502
PAL102
PAP402
PAR1402
PAU1035
PAC102PAC202
PAC2401
PAC4802
PAC5302
PAC5502
PAC5601
PAD101PAD201
PAD302
PAL101
PAL201
PAP602
PAR202PAR302
PAR402PAR502
PAR602
PAR1102PAR1202
PAR3702
PAR3802
PAR4702
PAS406
PAU208
PAU1405
PAU150B2
PAU1605
PAU2102
PAC1301
PAC1502
PAC1601PAC1701
PAC2301
PAC2601PAC2701
PAC3301
PAC5001
PAC5201
PAL502
PAU303
PAU305PAU405
PAU505
PAU703
PAU705PAU805
PAU905
PAU1105 PAU1905PAU2205
PAC3202
PAP209
PAR2702
PAU109
PAC2202
PAP208
PAR2302
PAU108
PAC3602
PAP207
PAR2902
PAU107
PAC1102
PAC1302
PAC1401PAC1501
PAC1602PAC1702
PAC1801PAC1901
PAC2102
PAC2201
PAC2302
PAC2602PAC2702
PAC2801PAC2901
PAC3102
PAC3201 PAC3302
PAC3401PAC3501
PAC3601
PAC5002
PAC5101
PAC5202
PAC5401
PAL402
PAP2012
PAR3002
PAR4003PAR4303
PAU1012
PAU302PAU402
PAU502
PAU602PAU604
PAU702PAU802
PAU902
PAU1002PAU1004
PAU1102
PAU1202
PAU1204
PAU1902PAU2202
PAP7011
PAR3601
PAP701
PAS304
PAP7017
PAP703
PAP705
PAP707
PAP7019
PAP6014
PAP608
PAP6018
PAP1013
PAP1014
PAR102PAU1603
PAC101PAC201
PAC301
PAC401
PAC501
PAC601PAC701
PAC801
PAC901
PAC1001
PAC1101
PAC1201
PAC2402
PAC2501
PAC3702PAC3801
PAC3901
PAC4001PAC4101
PAC4201
PAC4302
PAC4401PAC4501
PAC4601
PAC4801 PAC4901
PAC5301
PAC5501
PAC5602
PAD402
PAJ104
PAL401
PAP104PAP108
PAP1010PAP1012
PAP404
PAP508
PAP6020
PAP7013
PAQ102
PAQ202
PAQ302
PAR101
PAR701
PAR902
PAR1301PAR1501
PAR1701PAR2001
PAR4802PAS102
PAS302
PAS403PAS404
PAU1033
PAU1044
PAU204
PAU207
PAU1307
PAU13018PAU13021
PAU13025PAU13026
PAU1404
PAU150A3
PAU1604
PAU1702
PAU1802
PAU2003
PAU2006
PAU2103PAP506
PAU1042PAP306
PAR1702PAS201
PAU1019
PAU1602
PAR401PAU1038
PAU150B3
PAP503
PAR1602
PAU1039
PAP505
PAQ201
PAU1041
PAP308
PAU1017
PAU206
PAS101PAS301
PAP105
PAP6012
PAC1202
PAP203
PAP6010
PAR1401
PAS104
PAU103
PAP709
PAP5012
PAR3101
PAR3201
PAU1048
PAR201
PAU1401PAR301
PAU1402
PAP4011
PAU1026
PAU1407PAP301
PAU1024
PAU1408
PAP401PAR601
PAU1036
PAU150A1
PAP406PAR501
PAU1031
PAU150B1
PAP7015
PAP3011
PAQ101
PAU1014
PAP309
PAU1016
PAU150A2
PAU201
PAU1406
PAP1011
PAP302
PAU1023
PAP109PAP103
PAP305
PAU1020
PAP107
PAP303
PAR1502
PAR2002PAS202
PAU1022
PAP5011
PAU1047
PAU202
PAU1601
PAP101
PAP304
PAU1021
PAP102
PAP202
PAR1302
PAU102
PAP201
PAR3301
PAR3401
PAU101
PAC2502
PAD1001PAD1101
PAR3501
PAU1304
PAU13017
PAP502PAP504
PAU1040
PAP409
PAQ301
PAU1028
PAC4702PAJ202
PAJ203PAR4801
PAP501
PAR4202
PAU1037
PAP4012
PAU1025
PAU205
PAC902PAU1032
PAC1002
PAU1043
PAC2001
PAR2101
PAR2202
PAC2002
PAU403
PAU501
PAU504PAC2101
PAR2201PAU503
PAC3001
PAR2501
PAR2602
PAC3002
PAU803
PAU901
PAU904PAC3101
PAR2601PAU903
PAC3701
PAJ101
PAL701
PAC3802
PAJ102PAU13016 PAC3902
PAJ103
PAU13015
PAC4002PART102
PAU1701
PAC4402PAC4502
PAR4701
PAU2004PAC4602
PAU2005
PAC4902
PAR3801PAU1803
PAD102PAR801
PAD202PAR901
PAD301
PAR1002
PAD401PAR3602
PAD1002
PAR1802
PAD1102
PAR1902
PAL702
PAU13020
PAP604PAR3102
PAP606PAR3302
PAQ103PAR802
PAQ203PAR1001
PAQ303PAR3901
PAR702PAU1034
PAR1101PAS204
PAR1201PAS203
PAR1601PAU1801
PAR1801PAU13023
PAR1901PAU13022
PAR2102PAR2401 PAU301
PAR2301PAU401
PAU404
PAR2402
PAU304
PAU606
PAR2502PAR2801
PAU701PAR2701
PAU801
PAU804
PAR2802
PAU704
PAU1006
PAR2901
PAU1101
PAU1104
PAR3001
PAU1103
PAU1206
PAR3202
PAU1301PAR3402
PAU1305PAR3502
PAU13014
PAR3902
PAS405
PAR4002
PAU1903PAR4101
PAU1901PAU1904
PAR4201PAU2101
PAR4302
PAU2203PAR4401
PAU2201PAU2204
PAS103PAS303
PAP4010
PAU1027
PAU1403
PAP408
PAR3701
PAS401PAS402
PAU1029
PAF101 PAJ201
B.5. Sensor Node PCB
112
B.6. Sensor Node Bill of Materials
B.6 Sensor Node Bill of Materials
[follows on next page]
113
Bill o
f Ma
teria
lsS
ou
rce D
ata
Fro
m:
Ro
om
Sen
so
r, Rev 1
Pro
ject:
Ro
om
Sen
so
r, Rev 1
Desig
nM
. Ald
rich
Report D
ate:1/12/2010
1:01:13 PMPrint D
ate:29-Apr-10
6:40:39 PM#
Desig
nato
rD
escrip
tion
Man
ufa
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rer 1
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115
B.7. LED Ring Schematic
B.7 LED Ring Schematic
[follows on next page]
116
1 1
2 2
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1212
1313
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1515
1616
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1818
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2121
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3030
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ID201
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ID301
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PID402
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ID501
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PID601
PID602
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ID701
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ID801
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PID803 COD8 P
ID901
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PIH1013PIH1014
PIH1015PIH1016
PIH1017PIH1018
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PIH1023PIH1024
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PIH1033PIH1034
PIH1035PIH1036
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PIH1039PIH1040
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PID403
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PID603
PID703
PID803
PID903
PID1003
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PID101
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B.7. LED Ring Schematic
117
B.8. LED Ring PCB
B.8 LED Ring PCB
[follows on next page]
118
PAC102PAC101
COC1
PAC202PAC201
COC2PAC302PAC301
COC3PAD103
PAD102PAD101
COD1
PAD203PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD303 PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD403
PAD402PAD401
COD4
PAD503
PAD502 PAD501
COD5
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PAD602 PAD601
COD6
PAD703
PAD702
PAD701COD7
PAD803PAD802
PAD801
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PAD902
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PAH1031
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PAH1035
PAH1037
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PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049
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PAH1010PAH1012PAH1014PAH1016
PAH1018
PAH1020
PAH1022
PAH1024PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
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PAU107PAU108
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PAU305PAU304
PAU303
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PAC102
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PAH107 PAH108
PAH109
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PAH1010PAH1011 PAH1012
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PAH1013 PAH1014PAH1015
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PAH1016
PAH1017 PAH1018
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PAH1025 PAH1026
PAH1027
PAD601
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PAH1029 PAH1030
PAH1046
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PAC101
PAC202 PAC301
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PAH1041
PAH1045
PAU104
PAU20A3 PAU304
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PAH1019 PAH1020
PAH1021
PAD701
PAH1022
PAH1023 PAH1024
PAD103
PAD203
PAD303
PAD403
PAD503PAD603
PAD703
PAD803
PAD903
PAD1003
PAH1043
PAU302
PAH1040
PAU20B3
PAD101
PAD602
PAD201
PAD702
PAD301 PAD802
PAD401
PAD902
PAD501
PAD1002
PAH1032
PAU103
PAH1037
PAU106
PAD502
PAH101 PAH102PAH103
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PAH104PAH105 PAH106
PAH1034
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PAH1033
PAU102
PAH1036
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PAU108
PAH1047
PAU20A1
PAH1039
PAU20B1
PAH1048
PAU20A2
PAH1044
PAU301
B.8. LED Ring PCB
119
PAC102PAC101
COC1
PAC202PAC201
COC2PAC302PAC301
COC3PAD103
PAD102PAD101
COD1
PAD203PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD303 PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD403
PAD402PAD401
COD4
PAD503
PAD502 PAD501
COD5
PAD603
PAD602 PAD601
COD6
PAD703
PAD702
PAD701COD7
PAD803PAD802
PAD801
COD8
PAD903
PAD902
PAD901
COD9
PAD1003
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10
PAH101PAH103PAH105PAH107
PAH109PAH1011PAH1013PAH1015
PAH1017
PAH1019
PAH1021
PAH1023PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049
PAH102PAH104PAH106PAH108
PAH1010PAH1012PAH1014PAH1016
PAH1018
PAH1020
PAH1022
PAH1024PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAU105
PAU106
PAU107PAU108
PAU104
PAU103
PAU102PAU101
COU1
PAU20A1PAU20A2PAU20A3
PAU20B1PAU20B2PAU20B3
COU2PAU301PAU302
PAU305PAU304
PAU303
COU3
PAC102
PAC201 PAC302
PAH1038
PAU105
PAU20B2
PAU305
PAD402
PAH107 PAH108
PAH109
PAD901
PAH1010PAH1011 PAH1012
PAD302
PAH1013 PAH1014PAH1015
PAD801
PAH1016
PAH1017 PAH1018
PAD102
PAH1025 PAH1026
PAH1027
PAD601
PAH1028
PAH1029 PAH1030
PAH1046
PAU303
PAC101
PAC202 PAC301
PAH1031
PAH1041
PAH1045
PAU104
PAU20A3 PAU304
PAD202
PAH1019 PAH1020
PAH1021
PAD701
PAH1022
PAH1023 PAH1024
PAD103
PAD203
PAD303
PAD403
PAD503PAD603
PAD703
PAD803
PAD903
PAD1003
PAH1043
PAU302
PAH1040
PAU20B3
PAD101
PAD602
PAD201
PAD702
PAD301 PAD802
PAD401
PAD902
PAD501
PAD1002
PAH1032
PAU103
PAH1037
PAU106
PAD502
PAH101 PAH102PAH103
PAD1001
PAH104PAH105 PAH106
PAH1034
PAU101
PAH1033
PAU102
PAH1036
PAU107
PAH1035
PAU108
PAH1047
PAU20A1
PAH1039
PAU20B1
PAH1048
PAU20A2
PAH1044
PAU301
B.8. LED Ring PCB
120
PAC102PAC101
COC1
PAC202PAC201
COC2PAC302PAC301
COC3PAD103
PAD102PAD101
COD1
PAD203PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD303 PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD403
PAD402PAD401
COD4
PAD503
PAD502 PAD501
COD5
PAD603
PAD602 PAD601
COD6
PAD703
PAD702
PAD701COD7
PAD803PAD802
PAD801
COD8
PAD903
PAD902
PAD901
COD9
PAD1003
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10
PAH101PAH103PAH105PAH107
PAH109PAH1011PAH1013PAH1015
PAH1017
PAH1019
PAH1021
PAH1023PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049
PAH102PAH104PAH106PAH108
PAH1010PAH1012PAH1014PAH1016
PAH1018
PAH1020
PAH1022
PAH1024PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAU105
PAU106
PAU107PAU108
PAU104
PAU103
PAU102PAU101
COU1
PAU20A1PAU20A2PAU20A3
PAU20B1PAU20B2PAU20B3
COU2PAU301PAU302
PAU305PAU304
PAU303
COU3
PAC102
PAC201 PAC302
PAH1038
PAU105
PAU20B2
PAU305
PAD402
PAH107 PAH108
PAH109
PAD901
PAH1010PAH1011 PAH1012
PAD302
PAH1013 PAH1014PAH1015
PAD801
PAH1016
PAH1017 PAH1018
PAD102
PAH1025 PAH1026
PAH1027
PAD601
PAH1028
PAH1029 PAH1030
PAH1046
PAU303
PAC101
PAC202 PAC301
PAH1031
PAH1041
PAH1045
PAU104
PAU20A3 PAU304
PAD202
PAH1019 PAH1020
PAH1021
PAD701
PAH1022
PAH1023 PAH1024
PAD103
PAD203
PAD303
PAD403
PAD503PAD603
PAD703
PAD803
PAD903
PAD1003
PAH1043
PAU302
PAH1040
PAU20B3
PAD101
PAD602
PAD201
PAD702
PAD301 PAD802
PAD401
PAD902
PAD501
PAD1002
PAH1032
PAU103
PAH1037
PAU106
PAD502
PAH101 PAH102PAH103
PAD1001
PAH104PAH105 PAH106
PAH1034
PAU101
PAH1033
PAU102
PAH1036
PAU107
PAH1035
PAU108
PAH1047
PAU20A1
PAH1039
PAU20B1
PAH1048
PAU20A2
PAH1044
PAU301
B.8. LED Ring PCB
121
PAC102PAC101
COC1
PAC202PAC201
COC2PAC302PAC301
COC3PAD103
PAD102PAD101
COD1
PAD203PAD202
PAD201
COD2
PAD303 PAD302
PAD301
COD3
PAD403
PAD402PAD401
COD4
PAD503
PAD502 PAD501
COD5
PAD603
PAD602 PAD601
COD6
PAD703
PAD702
PAD701COD7
PAD803PAD802
PAD801
COD8
PAD903
PAD902
PAD901
COD9
PAD1003
PAD1002PAD1001
COD10
PAH101PAH103PAH105PAH107
PAH109PAH1011PAH1013PAH1015
PAH1017
PAH1019
PAH1021
PAH1023PAH1025
PAH1027
PAH1029
PAH1031
PAH1033
PAH1035
PAH1037
PAH1039
PAH1041
PAH1043
PAH1045
PAH1047
PAH1049
PAH102PAH104PAH106PAH108
PAH1010PAH1012PAH1014PAH1016
PAH1018
PAH1020
PAH1022
PAH1024PAH1026
PAH1028
PAH1030
PAH1032
PAH1034
PAH1036
PAH1038
PAH1040
PAH1042
PAH1044
PAH1046
PAH1048
PAH1050
COH1
PAU105
PAU106
PAU107PAU108
PAU104
PAU103
PAU102PAU101
COU1
PAU20A1PAU20A2PAU20A3
PAU20B1PAU20B2PAU20B3
COU2PAU301PAU302
PAU305PAU304
PAU303
COU3
PAC102
PAC201 PAC302
PAH1038
PAU105
PAU20B2
PAU305
PAD402
PAH107 PAH108
PAH109
PAD901
PAH1010PAH1011 PAH1012
PAD302
PAH1013 PAH1014PAH1015
PAD801
PAH1016
PAH1017 PAH1018
PAD102
PAH1025 PAH1026
PAH1027
PAD601
PAH1028
PAH1029 PAH1030
PAH1046
PAU303
PAC101
PAC202 PAC301
PAH1031
PAH1041
PAH1045
PAU104
PAU20A3 PAU304
PAD202
PAH1019 PAH1020
PAH1021
PAD701
PAH1022
PAH1023 PAH1024
PAD103
PAD203
PAD303
PAD403
PAD503PAD603
PAD703
PAD803
PAD903
PAD1003
PAH1043
PAU302
PAH1040
PAU20B3
PAD101
PAD602
PAD201
PAD702
PAD301 PAD802
PAD401
PAD902
PAD501
PAD1002
PAH1032
PAU103
PAH1037
PAU106
PAD502
PAH101 PAH102PAH103
PAD1001
PAH104PAH105 PAH106
PAH1034
PAU101
PAH1033
PAU102
PAH1036
PAU107
PAH1035
PAU108
PAH1047
PAU20A1
PAH1039
PAU20B1
PAH1048
PAU20A2
PAH1044
PAU301
B.8. LED Ring PCB
122
Appendix C
Firmware
Due to length, all source code and binaries for the LED controller and sensor node can befound at:
http://media.mit.edu/~maldrich/lighting/
123
Appendix D
Radiometric Traceability
Attached are the traceability documents from Ocean Optics outlining NIST calibrationstandards and uncertainty that is carried over in the radiometric calibration source used inthese experiments.
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