Understand the past, support the present, shape the future
Enabling Land Force Mobility
Dr Peter HollidayMAJ Jason Broderick
Scope
• Land Force Mobility challenges (CIS Focus)
• Talisman Sabre 2015 Overview
• CIS Capability Trials
• Future Initiatives
• Concluding remarks
• Questions
What is the ‘LNIC’
• The Land Network Integration Centre is owned by CA
• The LNIC’s LoE are to:
– Support to Operations
– Direct Support to Capability Decisions
– Manage the Land Network Configuration Baseline
– Innovate and integrate to support the Army-In-Being
– Enhance joint and coalition interoperability
– Governance and Capacity Building
‘Supporting learn, build, expand, enhance’
LNIC Programs
• Land Platform Network Integration
• Mission Network Development
• Common Vehicle Architectures
• Secret Wireless CWAN
• Land Network Battle Lab
• Combined Black / Red NMS
• Next Gen SATCOM Architectures
Land Force Mobility Challenges
• Legacy capabilities
• FOB Mentality
• Incapable of rapid deployment
• Additional CIS systems
• Lack of system interoperability
• Analogue processes
Talisman Sabre 15 Overview
• Biennial bilateral US / AS exercise
• Multiple focuses:
– Joint Task Force
– Land Component Command (Divisional)
– Brigade (Exercise Hamel)
– Enablers
• LNIC supported the design / build / execution of the BLUEFOR network architecture
Talisman Sabre 15 Overview
• Architecture built and maintained by LNIC with
capabilities currently not IIS
• The fielded Capability Demonstrators included:
– Commercial Solutions for Classified Wireless LAN
– TDMA SATCOM
– Black Core Routing
• The purpose of fielding the demonstrators was:
– Validate the capacity of the systems
– Illustrate the flexibility the system provided to the User
Commercial Solutions for Classified
(CSfC)
• NSA Program designed to tap the agility of commercial products
• Layered design “Swiss Cheese”
– Multiple mechanisms to satisfy IA requirement
– Mechanisms must be independent
– If one mechanism fails, the other should be sufficient
• Independence
– SW, HW, Algorithms, protocols, suppliers
LNIC Secure Wireless Solution
Mesh AP
Root AP
WLAN stations
WLAN
ControllerFirewall
Outer VPN
802.11n
802.11a Backhaul
802.11n
Inner VPN
MSN
WPA2-Ent Suite-B Suite-B
Cyber Monitoring
Trial Conduct
• The system represented the second iteration of the design
• System was trialled in two phases:
– Phase 1 – LBRR
– Phase 2 – Field Trial
• The field trial was conducted with 17 CSS Bde
• The system was deployed into:
– Bde Tac HQ
– Bde Main HQ (FSG)
• The system operated continuously for 22 days
Trial Results
• The system was deemed ‘fit for purpose’
• Laptop design and functionality was intuitive and flexible
• The system demonstrated:
– A significant reduction in cabling infrastructure
– An increase in HQ functionality and flexibility
– No significant increase in RF signature above what
was already present
• System design will become the basis for future work with
CISSO and BDA
BDE Deployment
TDMA MCPC / Single Mode
Main ForwardRear
Enablers
Strategic Interface
FDMA
FDMA
TDMA
TDMA
TDMA
BDE Deployment
TDMA MCPC / Multi Mode
Main ForwardRear
Enablers
Strategic Interface
FDMA
TDMA
TDMATDMA
Trial Conduct
• LNIC has been working with TDMA for over 4 years
• The Talisman Sabre trial series utilised the following:
– Twin GD Warrior 240 SATCOM Terminals
– L3 Hawkeyes with Hughes HX series modems
– Hughes Tactical Gateway (TGW)
• Trial conducted over Ka Band WGS utilising
simultaneous FDMA and TDMA
• The TDMA Cloud supported 6 remote nodes including
one mobile US node
Trial Results
• The TDMA performed well, providing sufficient
bandwidth across the cloud
• Ka Band performance was adversely effected by
weather, consideration for use of X Band for future trials
• The ability to hub both TDMA and FDMA from the same
terminal significantly reduced the SATCOM footprint
• Adding and removing nodes from the network could be
achieved efficiently without requiring support from
strategic agencies
Black Core Routing
• Current Model
– IP network
– PABX
– DAHA ATM MUX
• Circuit Switched WAN
• Bandwidth is fixed
• Many technologies and protocols
• Complex to maintain
• Does not scale
DSN MSN
DRNRouter
ATMSwitch
TDMPABX Bearer
512kbpsTrunk
c
DSNAAL5 128k UBR
MSNAAL5 128k UBR
TDMAAL1 256k PVC
Technologies Used
IP
ATM
EUROCOM (TDM)
Ethernet 802.3
OLTU (EUROCOM)
IP Crypto
TDM Crypto (KG94/K7)
Serial (RS-449/530)
WAS bandwidth is fixed PVC – unused bandwidth is lost
Z Z
ZZ
Black Core Routing
LAS A LAS B
Black AggregationRouter
WAS Bearer
512kbpsTrunk
Converged IP512kbps
Technologies Used
IP
Ethernet 802.3
HAIPE Crypto
Fully converged – all bandwidth is available
Z Z
• Black Core Aggregated
Network
• Simplified design
• Supports All domains
– DRN/DSN/DMN/DTSN
• UNCLAS Voice provide
by Black Router
Black Core Routing Overlay
• Consider the traditional single hop overlay model (Pre-TS15)
BDE Main
BDE Forward
BDE Rear
Black Core Routing Overlay
• Consider the traditional single hop overlay model for a
TDMA/FDMA Network
BDE Main
BDE Forward
BDE Rear
Black Core Routing Overlay
• Consider the traditional single hop overlay model for a TDMA/FDMA Network
BDE Main
BDE Forward
BDE Rear
“Hair pinning” – 3 Sat Hops!
Black Core Routing Overlay
• Need a multi-hop peer-to-peer overlay – TS15
BDE Main
BDE Forward
BDE Rear
BGP Peer
BGP Peer
BGP Peer
Black Core Routing Overlay
• Need a multi-hop BCN overlay – TS15
BDE Main
BDE Forward
BDE Rear
BGP Peer
BGP Peer
BGP Peer
Black Core Routing Overlay
• Need a multi-hop BCN overlay – TS15
• Bearer agnostic – BLOS/LOS/Cable
BGP Peer
BGP Peer
BGP Peer
Trial Conduct
• TRANSEC Routers had been used previously on
operations
• LNIC utilised the AHQ purchased TIPAN Routers to
support the Black Core Network
• Trial was conducted over two phases:
– Phase 1 – Ex Blue Diamond (Mar 15)
– Phase 2 – Ex Talisman Sabre (Jun 15)
• Black Core Network supported by CIOG through
TACINTS
Trial Results
• TRANSEC Routers were able to replace the current fleet
of legacy aggregation systems
• The use of BGP allowed nodes to be added and
removed without adverse effect the architecture
• The TRANSEC Routers are easy to configure and
maintain
• The use of COTS and MOTS reduces technical risk and
provides a robust solution
• The ability to traffic shape created efficiencies in
bandwidth usage
Lesson Learnt
• ‘One size does not fit all’
– Understand the effect the capability provides
– Static versus mobile
– Balancing bandwidth and manoeuvre
• Interrelationships between layer 1 – 4
– Red Routing (LAN)
– Black Core encrypted Network (likely aggregated)
– Transport (either celestial or terrestrial)
Each component can not be planned in isolation!
Support to Mobility Challenges
• Increased agility:
– Black Core
– TDMA
• Decreased CIS establishment times:
– Secure Wireless
– TDMA and TDMA Hubs
• Reduced CIS equipment footprint:
– Multi band, multi frequency SATCOM Hubs
– Mission Networks
Future Initiatives (16/17)
• Common Vehicle Architecture
– RF Rationalisation
– Software Defined Radios
– Distributed Compute and Storage
– Complementary Wireless (4G/LTE, WiFi)
• Data Analytics
• Wideband BLOS systems for satellite denied
environments
Conclusion
• Armies will continue to investigate ways to utilise
technology to increase mobility
• Commercial technologies lead the way in many of the
areas being investigated
• With the continuing proliferation of ‘essential’ C2 and
Mission Systems, capabilities need to consider:
– Becoming hardware agnostic
– Designed for integration in a Systems of Systems
approach
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