The Internet Educational Equal Access FoundationThe Internet Educational Equal Access FoundationIEEAF Global Quilt
High speed links to Western Africa's coastal countries
International Workshop on African Research & Education NetworkingGeneva, Switzerland
September 25-27, 2005
Dr. Donald R. RileyChair, IEEAF (www.ieeaf.org)
SURA IT FellowProfessor, Decision Information Technologies
Robert H. Smith School of BusinessUniversity of Maryland, College ParkTel 301-405-8855; Fax 301-405-8655Home Office/Mobile: 240-683-4564
225 Sept. 2005
Extending High Bandwidth Performance Internet Connectivity to the African Research and Education Community
325 Sept. 2005
What’s the real target? What are the important strategic issues?
• Is it just about the Internet? Or Internet2? NGI?• Are universities just consumers/customers?• Or are universities the cornerstone of “knowledge
society” and “globalization”? Of both the human infrastructure and economic development via new technology development and transfer?
• Are we aiming for the future? • Or just for today or yesterday? In other words, to
always be behind?
425 Sept. 2005
Bandwidth Divide for Africa
• International Connectivity is poor• Internet cost is very high• Satellite access limits what can be undertaken because
of latencies and asymmetrical characteristics (assumes Africa is user of, not generator of, new information)
• Significant barriers to access to information and resources, modern education, collaboration, research, funding opportunities
• Dedicated NRENs are few• Internet2 access is almost non-existent• Human infrastructure is not being developed at
rate needed• The gap is widening
525 Sept. 2005
By all measures, Africa is behind
625 Sept. 2005
Sample Bandwidth Costs for African Universities
725 Sept. 2005
Trends in Internet Troughput
S.E. Europe, Russia: catching upLatin Am., Mid East, China: keeping upIndia, Africa: falling behind
825 Sept. 2005
Loss to Africa (example of variability)
925 Sept. 2005
Africa Derived Throughput
1025 Sept. 2005
Round Trip Transmission Times
1125 Sept. 2005
Development and Spread of Internet2 (NGI)
• U.S. Internet2 effort launched in 1996
• Represents R&D for “Next Generation Internet”
• Has become international development effort with • International Partners in 43 Countries
• NRENs: National Research and Education Networks
• Plus development of Regional Backbones (Europe with GEANT/DANTE, South America with CLARA, APAN in Asia Pacific)
• Represents significant economic development resource
• Not much happening in Africa
1225 Sept. 2005
Internet2: International Partners
Internet2 International Partner Organizations and Networks
Internet2 has formed peer-level relationships with organizations outside the U.S. who have projects similar to Internet2 in scope and objectives. Internet2 currently partners with over 40 of these international organizations and networks.
1325 Sept. 2005
Map of International GLIF Initiative:Global Lambda Integrated Facility
www.glif.is Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA.
1425 Sept. 2005
Public-Private Partnership: IEEAF• The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation
((IEEAFIEEAF) is ) is a partnership between the Research and a partnership between the Research and Education Community and the Private SectorEducation Community and the Private Sector whose whose goal is to goal is to obtain donationsobtain donations of international of international bandwidth to bandwidth to enableenable a a global collaboration in global collaboration in research and education.research and education.
• Current donations have already linked US and Current donations have already linked US and Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific.Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific.
• This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in research and education, in the true research and education, in the true spirit of the spirit of the Global Quilt Initiative.Global Quilt Initiative.
1525 Sept. 2005
IEEAF Vision: The Global Quilt
A Network of Networks, A Network of Networks, “stitched together”“stitched together” to to create create a common single fabrica common single fabric, and , and shared shared equally by allequally by all. This will be achieved through . This will be achieved through collaboration and community effort, until it collaboration and community effort, until it covers the globecovers the globe..
The IEEAF has no boundaries of “home” The IEEAF has no boundaries of “home” territory…..territory…..
"Non Nobis Solo""Non Nobis Solo" (Not by ourselves alone)(Not by ourselves alone)
1625 Sept. 2005
7600 km9300 km
17 Time Zones
10 Gbps + 622 Mbps
10 Gbps + 622 Mbps
IEEAF Global Quilt InitiativeIEEAF Global Quilt Initiative
1725 Sept. 2005
IEEAF Donation Summary
• 10 Gbps (OC-192 wavelength) plus separate 622 Mbps STM-1.• New York - London - Groningen (Netherlands)• Seattle - Tokyo
• Fiber pair: from Tyco Cable Station Groningen to Amsterdam, and to Hamburg co-location facility
• Fiber pair: Hamburg facility to 379 Weinderstrasse carrier hotel, where “German rings” meet
• Fiber pair: UK• 8,000 miles of trans-USA fiber donated by AT&T to the
Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) as SURA-IEEAF partnership
• Submarine bandwidth under discussion:• To Lisbon• UK-Bilbao-Madrid-Valencia-Barcelona-Marseilles• To Copenhagen and St. Petersburg• To Singapore, Thailand, India
• A new 10 gigabyte trans-Atlantic connectivity which GEO will use specifically for telemedicine and HEP initiatives.
1825 Sept. 2005
More Donations Pending• The IEEAF is currently in negotiations for multiple pending
donations that if successfully concluded will double the size of the Global Quilt Initiative and span all time zones.
• Negotiations for donations are being supported by a global community of Research and Education Visionaries:
• to Southeast Asia
• in Eastern Europe
• to Scandinavian/Nordic countries
• to Africa
• to India and South Asia
1925 Sept. 2005
Partnerships Create Donations
• We’re here to help any community trying to establish educational networks
• We’re successful because of the partnerships with leaders who share our vision
• It’s the partnerships that make it happen. Joining hands completes the ring…..• A network of networks.... • Community to community and village to village...• The Global Quilt
2025 Sept. 2005
IEEAF Partnership with WIDE
• Jun Murai, Keio University and WIDE Project: • Asset Steward of IEEAF Trans-Pacific Link from Seattle to Tokyo• Established open Tokyo Lambda Exchange (T-LEx)
• Extending beyond Tokyo
KEIO SFC
Univ. of TokyoNTT/KDDTo: Osaka
To: JAIST
JAIST
Osaka
KyushuNAIST
To Korea
To IEEAF/US
To IEEAF/Asia (in plan)
Geographical Map of DarkFiber for IEEAF in Japan(as of Oct. 2003)
Connected siteDF
TITECH
10Gbps over SONET/SDH
2125 Sept. 2005
Thailand Regional Initiative: Next Generation Internet Announced by H.E.Dr. Surapong Suebwonglee, Minister of ICT, ThailandJanuary 26, 2005
SOI and WIDE
2325 Sept. 2005
NSF Funding for International Research Network Connections (IRNC)
• NSF funding new links from U.S. to International R&E Networks (2.5 to 10 Gbps “lambdas”)• To Europe• To Asia-Pacific• To South America• To China and Russia• Nothing to Africa
2425 Sept. 2005
International Connectivity, Open R&E Exchanges, and International Peerings
Japan
EuropeN.America
S.America
2525 Sept. 2005
AtlanticWave: linking US East Coast International Exchanges
• IEEAF partnering with SURA, FIU-AMPATH-WHREN, MAX, SoX/SLR, Internet2/MANLAN, and the Academic Network of Sao Paulo (ANSP) to establish AtlanticWave
• AtlanticWave is an International Peering Fabric along the East Coast• US, Canada, Europe, South America
Plus….• Distributed IP peering points:
• NYC, WDC, ATL, MIA, SPB
2625 Sept. 2005
IEEAF and Africa
• May 2004: Asked by NSF if IEEAF techniques could work in Africa
• November 2005: In partnership with Internews, received small grant from NSF to do feasibility study and develop plan for “Extending High Bandwidth Academic and Research Networking to Africa” to support US-Africa research collaborations• John Mack, J.L. Mack and Associates
U.S. State Dept. (retired)• George Sadowsky, Internews Network and Internet Society
New York University (retired)• Don Riley, Univ. of Maryland, Chair, IEEAF• Ed Fantegrossi, CEO, Geographic Network Affiliates (GEO) and
IEEAF board• Don Benton, GEO• Tom Durkin, GEO
2725 Sept. 2005
IEEAF and Africa
• January 2005: co-chaired NSF workshop on “I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment”
• February 2005: team visit to Senegal, Ghana• May 2005: Co-organized IEEAF-Internet2
Worshop on “Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa”
2825 Sept. 2005
January NSF Workshop
“I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment”
• Attendees: US and African researchers, US Internet2 community, some US agencies and foundations
• Major conclusion:• Both the quantity and quality of research collaborations
are significantly limited by lack of adequate international connectivity and related infrastructure within country and on campus.
• Data generated in and about Africa typically put on servers in US and Europe because of African bandwidth issues. So African researchers have poor and expensive access to data from and about Africa.
2925 Sept. 2005
May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa
• Participating organizations: NSF, National Library of Medicine, World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Corporation, IDRC, NSRC, E-Africa Commission, National Knowledge Commission of India, TENET, Internet2, IEEAF and others.
• Assessment of the situation• Connectivity for universities and other R&E institutions is
sparse, unreliable, expensive, and low capacity; it needs to be dense, reliable, cheap, and higher capacity. Due to the current state of development of applications and usage, it doesn't yet need to be at the same level as currently being implemented in the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.
• There are many African and international initiatives in this area. There is a need to take stock of all these initiatives and to develop better mechanisms to share information, coordinate activities to create a more comprehensive and inclusive plan, set priorities, and reduce duplication and gaps.
• Its essential to ensure that Africans are included and active in setting the agenda.
3025 Sept. 2005
May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa
What the global R&E networking community can do:• Recognize that the situation is one of mutual need. Because
of African R&E's dire need for connectivity and Africa's importance to global R&E, global R&E is an ideal constituency to help push African R&E networking forward.
• Bring people together. There was strong interest in regular meetings and follow-up workshops, with a view toward coordinating projects, building relationships with African R&E, and better understanding African networking priorities.
• Jump-start the private sector. The private sector must be central to the development of African R&E networking, but can't do it alone. Projects should aim to encourage the growth of, and competition among, commercial Internet providers.
3125 Sept. 2005
May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa
What the global R&E networking community can do (cont’d)• Help build NRENs and regional consortia in Africa. NRENs
play a unique role in development of R&E connectivity and capabilities. They are a proven model on the international scene in promoting and moving forward the needed infrastructure and expertise in both developed and developing countries.
• Focus on capacity-building on African campuses. African universities should play a unique role in developing the human infrastructure required for an “information society” – as they have in other countries. Development of needed campus networks and NRENs is a key component of providing actual experience in designing, building, and operating modern communications networks.
• Keep the larger perspective. R&E is key to development of the Internet more generally (the original NSFnet model, as well as multiple examples in other countries), and the Internet is key to African development more generally. Accordingly, we should look for projects in areas related to R&E that have potential for wider impact, above all in the health sector.
3225 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
““Significant Broadband AccessSignificant Broadband Access””
Enables Enables
““Significant International Collaboration inSignificant International Collaboration in
Research and Education”Research and Education”
Leads ToLeads To
““Empowerment and Economic Development”Empowerment and Economic Development”
3325 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
African Collaboration Initiative
IEEAF Donations – 10 Gig and STM-4 – 17 Time Zones
Tokyo Hamburg
ThaiREN
WHREN
3425 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
““Significant Broadband AccessSignificant Broadband Access””
Enables Enables
““Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”
Leads ToLeads To
““Empowerment and Economic Development”Empowerment and Economic Development”
The Issues:• In-Country “PTT Protectionist” Issues
• Local Domestic Politics
• Consortium Submarine Cable Operators “Seasoned Monopoly”
• Missing International Business Drivers
• Sustainability
3525 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
The Plan: • Bring to bear our experience with public-private partnership and “17 time zones of critical mass success in bandwidth donations.”
• Add a team with “historical knowledge of projects, participants and government relationships.”
• Team together “International Telecom Knowledge” and their Relationships with “global multinational telecom opportunities and barter.”
• “Establish the beach head – Set-up Hub and Spoke Design” -- the first Quilt patch.
““Significant Broadband AccessSignificant Broadband Access””
Enables Enables
““Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”
Leads ToLeads To
““Empowerment and Economic Development”Empowerment and Economic Development”
3625 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
STEP ONE:
Submarine Cable Landing SiteSubmarine Cable Landing Site
ToTo
First University Asset Steward First University Asset Steward Exchange PointExchange Point
3725 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINITIATIVE COLLABORATION
STRATEGIC PLAN: Leverage NSF funding for link to Africa
Step One
Step Two • Asset Steward Hub and Spoke to neighboring country design project
• Terrestrial Fiber plan solution from CHE to University TEP
• Submarine Cable Plan from Amsterdam to Portugal to Senegal and Ghana
• Collaboration with defined African Research Initiatives
• WiMAX to extend access around University TEP
3825 Sept. 2005
TEP
IEEAF Asset Steward Technology Exchange Point (TEP)
Second Phase of donator’s network to neighboring countries
R & E Community
Global Medical Research Exchange (GMRE)
Neutral ExchangeSubmarine
Cablehead End Building
Donated Backhaul Dark Fiber
International and National
Neutral Exchange
Facility
Telecom
Fiber Donators
Facility Space
Carrier Neutral
Exchange Facility
Content Services Servicing African R&E Institutions and Government Projects
Global Telemedicine Initiatives
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
U
U
H
U UniversityKey
H Hospital
3925 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
STEP TWO:
HUB AND SPOKE EXPANSIONS:HUB AND SPOKE EXPANSIONS:
Border country telecom donations “linking” Border country telecom donations “linking” back to the newly established international back to the newly established international exchange point with IEEAF ‘‘University exchange point with IEEAF ‘‘University Asset Steward’’ at sub-cable landingAsset Steward’’ at sub-cable landing
4025 Sept. 2005
Country A
Country C
Country B Country D
Country E
U
U
H
H
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
U UniversityKey
H Hospital
Step Two
Step Two
U
Step Two
U
4125 Sept. 2005
Country A …Cable Head End
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
Country B
U
H
Telco Fiber Network
U
Country B Donated Backhaul
Country C
U
H
U
Country A Second Phase of
Donator’s Network to
neighboring countries
Step Two
4225 Sept. 2005
LIBYA EGYPT
TUNISIA
NIGERCHAD
SUDAN
ALGERIA
MOROCCO
MALI
WESTERNSAHARA
MAURITANIA
SENEGAL
IVORYCOASTLIBERIA
GH
AN
A TO
GO
BE
NINSIERRA
LEONE
BURKINAFASOGUINEA NIGERIAGUINEA
BISSAU
THEGAMBIA
CAMEROON
CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC
CONGOGABON
EQUATORIALGUINEA
ANGOLA
TANZANIA
ETHIOPIA
KENYA
UGANDA
RWANDA
SOMALIA
DJIBOUTI
ZAMBABWE
ZAMBIA
MOZAMBIQUEMADAGASCAR
SOUTHAFRICA
BOTSWANA
NAMIBIA
LESOTHOSWAZILAND
ANGOLA
MALAWI
South
Atlantic
Ocean
Indian
Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
RedSea
Indian
Ocean
DEMOCRATICREP. Of Congo
BURUNDI
Entrea
SAUDI ARABIA
LIBYA EGYPT
TUNISIA
NIGERCHAD
SUDAN
ALGERIA
MOROCCO
MALI
WESTERNSAHARA
MAURITANIA
IVORYCOASTLIBERIA
TO
GO
BE
NINSIERRA
LEONE
BURKINAFASOGUINEA NIGERIAGUINEA
BISSAU
THEGAMBIA
CAMEROON
CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC
CONGOGABON
EQUATORIALGUINEA
ANGOLA
TANZANIA
ETHIOPIA
KENYA
UGANDA
RWANDA
SOMALIA
DJIBOUTI
ZAMBABWE
ZAMBIA
MOZAMBIQUEMADAGASCAR
SOUTHAFRICA
BOTSWANA
NAMIBIA
LESOTHOSWAZILAND
ANGOLA
MALAWI
South
Atlantic
Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
RedSea
Indian
Ocean
DEMOCRATICREP. Of Congo
BURUNDI
SAUDI ARABIA
YaoundeIle-ife University
U
Bamako* Niamey
Beira
Dares Salaam
Mombasa
SAT 3
SAFE
UAE
Lagos
TEPSENEGAL
TEP
GH
AN
A
TEPCapita
TEP
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
EASSY
World Bank Regional
Communications Infrastructure
Program (“RCIP”)
A
A
A
A
A
A
AA
AAA
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B Countries A
Countries B
DANTEEUMEDCONNECT
EMC
EMCEMC
EMCEMC
4325 Sept. 2005
AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)
• Invite the R&E community starting from today to stand with us for a “FINAL PUSH”
• “Alignment”…
… Our combined weight, pushing in a single direction, will burst open the “Access Doorways” for our African Colleagues
The Invitation:
The End Result……… Broadband for Research Project Collaborations equals “Empowerment and Economic Development”
“Significant Broadband Access”
Leads To
“Empowerment and Economic Development”
THEGLOBAL QUILT
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